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U.    S.    NATIONAL    MUSEUM 

LIBRARY  OF 

Henry   Guernsey   Hubbard 

AND 

Eugene  Amandus  Schwarz 

DONATED  IN  1902 


ACCESSION 


Jf 


t/J 


JOURNAL 


OF    THF, 


NEW  YORK 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


JSebotctJ  to  ISntomologj)  in  <©pnfral. 


Voliime    IX,   1901. 


Edited  ry  Wm.   Beutenmuller. 


NEW   YORK: 

Published  by  the  Society, 

Quarterly. 

1 90 1. 


PRESS  OF 

THQ    NEW    ERA   PRINTING   COMPANV 

LANCASTER,    PA, 


i/SRARNL 


J^>^  S  ^  OK  I 


c 


ONTENTS    O 


f  V 


OI.UME 


IX. 


Banks,  Nathan, 

Notes  on  Some  Spiders  of  Walkenaer,  Koch  and  others  .      182 

BeutenmOller,  William, 

The  Earlier  Stages  of  Sphinx  gordius,  .  .  .  .87 

The  Earlier  Stages  of  Ceratomia  amyntor,     ...        88 
The  Earlier  Stages  of  Smerinthus  geminatus,  .  .        89 

Descriptions  of  Three  Lepidopterous  Larvae,  .  .        90 

Catalogue  of  the  Described  Transformations  of  Austra- 
lian Lepidoptera,     .......      147 

The  Larva  of  Catocala  illecta,      .  .  .  .  .189 

The  Larva  of  Homoptera  edusa,  .  .  .  .192 

Notes  on  the  Earlier  Stages  of  Lobobunfea  phaedusa,        .      193 
Habits  of  Eudsemonia  brachyura,  .  .  .  .194 

Obituary  Notice  of  Herman  Strecker,    ....      200 

Caudell,  a.  N., 

The  Genus  Sinea  of  Amyot  &  Serville,  .  .  .  i 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  a., 

On  Some  Bees  of  the  Genus  Andrena  from  New  Jersey,      132 

Coquillett,  D.  W., 

Descriptions  of  Three  Lepidopterous  Larvae,  .  .        85 

Types  of  Anthomyid  Genera,       .  .  .  .  -137 

Daecke,  E., 

Notes  on  the  Habits  of  Thecla  damon,  ...        26 

DOANE,  R.  W., 

Descriptions  of  New  Tipulidae,     .  .  .  .  -97 

Dyar,  Harrison  G., 

Descriptions  of  Some  Pyralid  Larvae  from  Southern  Flor- 
ida,        .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  -19 

Note  on  the  Larva  of  Arctia  intermedia,        .  .  -25 

An  Apparently  New  Tortricid  from  Florida,  ...        24 
Note  on  the  Larva  of  Psaphidia  thaxterianus,  .  .        84 

Diagnosis  of  a  New  Arctian,  .  .  .  .  .85 

Descriptions  of  the  Larvae  of  Three  Mosquitoes,     .  .      177 

The  Life-History  of  Uranotaenia  sapphirina,  .  .17c 


iv  Contents. 

Fernald,  C.  H., 

New  Pyralidaj  and  Tortricidre  from  Palm  Beach,  Florida,       49 

Fox,  William  J., 

Two  New  Bombicine  Wasps,         .....        83 

Harris,  Edw.  Doubleday, 

CicindelidcTs  of  Mt.  Desert,  Maine,        .  .  .  -27 

JouTEL,  Louis  H., 

Note  on  Sesia  sigmoidea,     .  .  .  .  .  .190 

Larva  of  Isochaetes  beutenmiilleri  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,      190 
A  Self- Decorating  Geometrid  Larva,     .  .  .  .191 

Packard,  A.  S., 

A    New    Genus   of    Sphingicampid    Moths,    Allied    to 
Bunaea,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .191 

SCHAEFFER,    C., 

Note  on  a  Species  of  Psilopyge,  .  .  .  .        -  .        86 

ScHAUS,  William, 

Heterocera  from  Tropical  America,       .  .  .  40,  73 

Seifert,  Otto, 

Life-History  of  Platysenta  videns,         .  .  .  .12 

Smith,  John  B., 

Notes  on  Some  Digger  Bees,         ....  29,  52 

SvvAiNSON,  Mrs.  E.  M., 

Notes  on  Lepidopterous  Larvae  from  Jamaica,  B.  W.  L,        77 

Webster,  F.  M., 

The  Southern  Corn -Leaf  Beetle  :   A  New  Insect  Pest  of 
Growing  Corn,      .  .  .  .  .  .  .127 

Weeks,  Archibald  C, 

An  Aberration  of  Papilio  philenor,       ....        82 
Suggestions  for  Collecting  Insects  with  Least  Injury,       .        95 

Van  Dyke,  Edwin  C, 

Observations    upon    the    Faunal    Regions  of  California 
from  the  Standpoint  of  a  Coleopterist,       .  .  .197 

Proceedings  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society,        .        91,  194 


JOURNAL 


J}f\a  JBopk  6lntomoIogirfll  jSoriptg* 


\^ol.  IX.  MARCH,  1901.  No.^l. 


THE    GENUS    SINE  A    OF   AMYOT  c-    SERVILLE. 

Bv  A.   N.   Caudell,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  species  of  the  genus  Sinea  are  for  the  most  part  quite  closely 
allied,  and  persons  other  than  special  students  of  the  Hemiptera  are 
liable  to  experience  difficulty  in  their  separation.  In  some  cases 
both  sexes  are  necessary  for  a  correct  determination. 

In  my  .studies  I  have  examined  specimens  of  all  the  described 
species  of  this  genus  except  Integra.  The  material  in  the  collections 
of  the  United  States  National  Museum,  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, Colorado  Experiment  Station,  and  the  Museum  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  has  been  examined.  In  addition  Professor  Uhler  has 
kindly  allowed  me  to  examine  the  specimens  of  Sinea  in  his  private 
collection.  For  authentic  specimens  of  raptoria,  caudata,  sanguisuga 
and  defecta\  am  indebted  to  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion,  also,  for  advance 
sheets  of  his  most  excellent  article  on  this  genus  in  the  Biologia  Cen- 
trali  Americana.  This  eminent  author  has  been  freely  quoted.  By 
reason  of  his  well-known  ability  as  an  hemipterist  and  by  his  having 
examined  most  of  Still's  types  his  dictum  may  well  be  accepted  as  final. 

A  plate  is  given  showing  certain  anatomical  details.  The  external 
appearance  of  the  male  and  female  genitalia  is  portrayed  by  drawings 
made  from  Acholla  multispinosa,  an  insect  scarcely  differing,  in  this 
particular  feature,  from  the  species  of  Sinea. 

A  complete  bibliography,  so  far  as  known  to  me,  is  given  with 
each  species.  While  some  of  the  references  are  of  minor  importance 
it  has  seemed  well  to  bring  them  together.  All  references  have  been 
verified  except  where  preceded  by  a  star  (*). 

I  would  express  my  thanks  to  Prof.  C.  H.  Fernald  for  various  kind- 
nesses, to  Mr.  O.  Heidemann  for  aid  and  advice,  and  to  Mrs.  Fernald 
and  Dr.  Dyar  for  aid  in  translating. 


2  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

The  species  of  the  genus  Sinca  vary  much  both  in  size  and  color. 
In  general  they  are  somber  colored  and  in  cabinet  specimens  they  vary 
many  shades,  from  light  cinnamon  to  almost  black.  If  a  specimen  is 
killed  soon  after  transformation  the  integument  will  not  have  become 
fully  hardened  and  as  a  result  the  color  is  liable  to  be  pale.  The  width 
of  the  abdomen  varies  considerably,  especially  in  the  female,  where  it 
is  often  greatly  distended  with  eggs.  In  short  both  size  and  coloration 
are  so  variable  as  to  be  usually  unreliable  as  specific  characters. 

Sinea  Amyot  &=  Serville. 

Sinea  Amyot  et  Skrvii.le  (pro  parte),   Hem.,   1843,  P-   375  5    StAl,   Stett.   Ent. 

Zeit.,  XXII,  1861,   pp   137,  139;  ibuL,  XXIII,  1862,  p.  443  ;    Hem.   Afric, 

III,  1865,  p.  47;    Enum.  Hem.,  II,  1872,  pp.   67,  70;   Glover,  MS.   Notes 

from  my  jourii.,    1876,   p.  no;    Lkth.  &  Severin,   Cat.,   Ill,  1896,  p.    198; 

Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  291. 

The  genus  Sinea,  which,  according  to  Glover,  is  from  the  Hebrew 

word   "sene"   meaning  a  prickly  bush,  was   established  in    1843  by 

Amyot  and   Serville.      S.  diadeina    Fab.,  is  the  type.      The   genus   is 

recognized  by  the  species  having  the  anterior  legs  with  a  dorsal  spine 

on  the  femora  and  spined  below  on  both  the  femora  and  the  tibife. 

The  species  as  now  recognized  may  be  separated  by  the  following 
table.  Sinea  spinipcs  and  sa?igi/is//i^a  are  connected  by  intermediate 
forms  and  it  seems  questionable  whether  they  should  be  considered 
distinct.  The  extremes,  however,  are  so  obviously  distinct  that  I  have 
thought  it  best  to  consider  them  as  good  species,  especially  as  they  are 
so  recognized  by  both  Uhler  and  Champion. 

I  Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  armed  on  the  disk  with  spines 2 

I.  ^  Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  armed   on  the   di.sk   only  with   tubercles,  sometimes 
I  acuminate  but  usually  blunt 6 

Posterior  prothoracic  lobe  armed  on  the  disk  with  sharp  spines 3 

Posterior  prothoracic  lobe  unarmed  on  the  disk 4 

Anterior  femora  with  the  terminal  spine  of  the  inner  inferior  row  out  of  align- 
ment, occupying  rather  a  sub-dorsal  position COmplexa  Caud. 

Anterior  femora  with  the  terminal  spine  of  the  inner  inferior  row  not  out  of 
alignment Integra  Sfal. 

f  Gibbosities  on  the  disk  of  the  posterior  prothoracic  lobe  surmounted  by  a  small 

tubercle.      Sides  of  the  female  abdomen  very  prominently  undulate. 

4-  -)  undulata  L  'hi. 

I  Gibbosities  on  the  disk  of  the  posterior  prothoracic  lobe  not  surmounted  by  a 

[  small  tubercle 5 


6.-1 


Maich,  I90I.]  Caudell:  The  Genus  Sinea  of  ^a/vot  ^^  Skrvili.e.    3 

r  Margins  of  the  female  abdomen  prominently  undulate,  the  undulations  usually 
sub-angulate.       Male    abdomen    varying     from    almost    entire   to    quite 

prominently  undulate.     Length,  12-I4  mm diadema  I-'ab. 

5.  \  Margins  of  the   female  abdomen  usually  inconspicuously  undulate,  sometimes 

more  pronounced  but  rarely  so  prominent  as  in  diadema  ;  the  undulations 

generally  rounded.     Abdomen  of  the  male  entire,  or  very  slightly  un- 

I  dulate.     Length,  Il-I3mm COnfusa,  sp.  nov. 

[  A  pale  fascia  at  the  lateral  extremity  of  each  abdominal  segment.      Membrane 
of  the  hemelytra  with  a  longitudinal  dusky  mark  extending  to  the  apex. 

Anteocular  spines  generally  short  and  somewhat   blunt rileyi  Mont. 

The  lateral  extremity  of  the  fourth  abdominal  segment  without  a  pale  fascia. 
I  Membrane  of  the  hemelytra  generally  without  a  longitudinal  dusky  mark 
I  extending  to  the  apex.      Anteocular  spines  variable 7 

f  Anteocular  spines  sharp  and  well  defined,  the  pair  next  the  eyes  usually  longer 

than  the  terminal  pair ., 8 

j  Anteocular  spines  blunt,  short,  usually  mere  tubercles,  the  pair  next  the  eyes 
[  not  distinctly  longer  than  the  terminal  pair defecta  Stal. 

Disk  of  the  posterior  prothoracic  lobe  bigibbous.  Lateral  margins  of  the  ab- 
domen, especially  of  the  female,  undulate,  scarcely  so  in  the  males 9 

1  Disk  of  the  posterior  prothoracic  lobe  transversely  convex,  not  distinctly  bigii) 
I  bous.     Lateral  margins  of  the  abdomen  not  undulate  in  either  sex lo 

f  Abdomen  of  both  sexes  abruptly  widened  behind COronata  Stal. 

\  Abdomen  of  neither  sex  abruptly  widened  behind COnfusa,  var. 

Abdomen  of  the  male  emarginate  at  the  apex,  subcaudate,  margins  sub- 
parallel  caudata  Champ. 

I  Abdomen  of  the  male  sub-truncate  at  the  apex,  not  caudate II 

f  Abdomen  of  the  male  with  the  margins  sub-parallel,  of  the  female  widened  to 

j  the  apex  of  the  fourth  segment raptoria  Stal. 

j  Abdomen  of  both  sexes  directly  widened  to  the  apex  of  the  fourth  segment, 

I  but  narrower  in  the  male  than  in  the  female 12 

Abdominal  segment  four  and  the  basal  half  of  segments  five  and  six  generally 
of  the  same  color  as  the  rest  of  the  abdomen  above,  or  slightly  darker. 
First  pair  of  anteocular  spines  usually  twice  as  long  as  the  terminal  pair. 

Usually  less  than  12  mm.  in  length sanguisuga  Stal. 

Abdominal  segment  four  and  the  basal  half  of  segments  five  and  six  generally 
much  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  abdomen.  First  pair  of  anteocular  spines 
longer  than  the  terminal  pair,  but  seldom  twice  as  long.  Usually  more 
than  12  mm.  in  length spillipes  Stal. 

Sinea  diadema  Fahr. 

(Plate  L  Fig-  i,  and  Plate  H,  Figs.  3,  4,  5,  6.) 
Cimex  niultispinosus  DeGkek,  Mem.,  Ill,  1773,  P-  34^  (pars). 

RednTius  diadema  Fabkicius,  Gen.,  1776,  ]).  302;    *Spec.,  II,  1781,  p.  382;    Ins. 
Mant.,  II,  1787,  p.  313;   Fnt.  Syst.,  IV,  1794,  p.  206. 


.o.f 


4  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        fvoi.  ix. 

Cimex  hispida  Thunberg,  Nov.  Ins.  Sp.,  II,  1783,  p.  t,-},. 

Cimex diadema  Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  IV,  1788,  pp.  21,  96. 

Cimex  celosus  Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  IV,  1788,  pp.  21,  44. 

*Zelus  diadema  Fabricius,  Syst.  Rhyng.,  1803,  p.  286. 

Reduvius  raptatorius  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  IV,  1825,  p.  327;  Am. 
Ent.,  II,  1825,  p.  72;  Comp.  Writings,  I,  1859,  p.  72;  ibid.,  II,  1859,  p. 
249;  Walsh,  Prairie  Farm.,  July,  1863;  Pract.  Ent.,  II,  1867,  p.  43  ;  Walsh 
and  Rli.EY,  Amer.  Ent.,  I,  1868,  pp.  207,  249  ;  Riley,  Inj.  Ins.  Mo.,  I,  1869, 
p.  114;  Saunders  and  Reed,  Can.  Ent.,  Ill,  1871,  p.  49;  Rogers,  Can. 
Ent.,  V,  1873,  p.  155;  Glover,  MS.  Notes,  Hem.,  1876,  pp.  64,  131. 

Siriea  viultispinosa  Amyot  and  Serville,  Hem.,  1843,  p.  375  ;  Stal,  Stelt.  Ent. 
Zeit.,  XXII,  1861,  p.  139;  ibid.,  XXIII,  1862,  p.  443  (part);  Walkkr, 
Cat.  Hem.  Brit.  Mus.,  VIII,  1873,  pp.  138,  9;  Dodge,  Field  and  Forest,  II, 
1876,  p.  67;  Glover,  MS.,  Notes,  Hem.,  1876,  pp.  67,  133;  Comstock, 
Cotton  Insects,  1879,  p.  169;  Hubbard,  Orange  Insects,  1885,  p.  191  ;  Eher- 
HART,  Elem.  Ent.,  1801,  p.  132. 

'^  Irantha  hispida  SXAL,  Oifr.  Ak.  Forh.,  1866,  p.  264. 

Sinea  diadema  Stal,  Enum.  Hem.,  1872,  p.  70  (part);  Uhler,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol. 
and  Geog.  Surv.,  No.  5,  2nd  Ser.,  1876,  p.  326;  Bull.  U.  S.  Geo.  and  Geog. 
Surv.,  Ill,  1877,  p.  429;  ibid.,  IV,  1878,  p.  508;  Riley,  Bull.  No.  3,  U.  S. 
Ent.  Com.,  1880,  p.  36;  Supp.  Mo.  Rep.,  1881,  p.  58;  4th  Rep.  U.  S.  Ent 
Com.,  1885,  p.  97;  LiNTNER,  1st  Rep.  Ins.  N.  V.,  1882,  p.  331  ;  ibid.,  Ilth 
Rep.,  1896,  p.  270;  POPENOE,  Trans.  Kans.  Acad.  Sci.,  IX,  1885,  p.  63; 
Uhler,  Check  List,  Hem.,  1886,  p.  23  ;  Saundurs,  Ins.  Inj.  Fruit,  1889, 
p.  70;  TowNSEND,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Washington,  II,  1891,  p.  55  ;  Blaisdei.l, 
Ins.  Life,  V,  1892,  p.  35;  Hopkins,  Bull.  No.  32,  W.  Va.  Agricul.  Exp.  St., 
1893.  p.  232  ;  AsHMEAD,  Ins.  Life,  VII,  1895,  p.  321  ;  Gillette  and  Baker, 
Bull.  No.  31,  Colo.  Agricul.  Exp.  St.,  1895,  p.  59;  Leth.  and  Severin,  Cat. 
Hem.,  Ill,  1896,  p.  198;  Heidemann,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc,  Wash.,  IV,  1899, 
p.  217  ;  Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  292. 
Length  12-14  ™i^-    Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  armed  on  the  disk  with  long  spines. 

Posterior  prothoracic  lobe  unarmed,  bigibbous  on  the    disk.     Margins  of  the  female 

abdomen  prominently  undulate.      Abdomen  of  the  male  varying  from  almost  entire  to 

quite  prominently  undulate. 

Habitat :     United  States  and  Canada.      Type,  Mus.  Holm. 

I  doubt  the  synonomy  of  Thunberg' s  hispidus  as  it  was  described 
from  India.  In  Gmelin's  Edition  of  Linnaeus'  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  (4),  p. 
2144,  1788,  under  the  name  setosiis,  it  is  said  to  inhabit  America, 
Australia  and  India. 

This  species,  as  originally  defined,  occurred  in  Central  America 
and  Mexico  as  well  as  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  But  as  re- 
cently pointed  out  by  Mr.  Champion,  the  form  occurring  in  Central 
America  is  not  diadema.  This  being  true  it  may  be  doubted  if  dia- 
devia  occurs  south  of  the  Mexican  border. 


March,  iQoi.l    CaUDEI.1.  :       I  HE    C.ENUS    SlNEA    OK    AmVOT  &^   Si^'-^^'"-l-l---       5 

This  is  our  most  common  and  best  known  species  and  is  readily 
separable  from  all  others,  except  corouata,  inuiulaia  and  coii/itsa,  by 
the  distinctly  undulated  margins  of  the  female  abdomen.  The  spined 
anterior  prothoracic  lobe  clearly  separates  it  from  coronata  but  from 
confiisa  it  can  be  distinguished  only  by  comparative  differences,  aided 
perhaps  in  some  cases  by  the  habitat.  It  differs  from  iiiidulata  only 
in  minute  details. 

The  figure  of  this  species  on  the  plate  shows  an  average  female 
specimen,  the  undulations  of  the  abdomen  probably  being  a  little  too 
much  rounded.  In  a  female  specimen  in  the  collection  of  the 
National  Museum  that  is  doubtfully  referred  to  this  species  the  pos- 
terior prothoracic  lobe  is  not  bigibbous  on  the  disk  and  the  margins 
of  the  abdomen  are  not  at  all  undulate,  though  the  edges  show  semi- 
transparent  at  intervals,  giving  them  a  distinctly  undulated  appearance. 

The  egg  and  first  stage  of  the  nymph  of  this  species  were  described 
by  Mr.  W.  H.  Ashmead  in  Insect  Life  (Vol.  VII,  p.  321,  1895).  As 
this,  so  far  as  I  know,  is  the  only  description  of  immature  forms  of  any 
of  our  Sineas  the  matter  is  here  reproduced  in  full. 

"  Ova,  Length,  1. 5  mm.  or  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  thick, "of  a  cylindri- 
cal shape,  rounded  at  bottom  and  truncate  at  top.  The  top  is  surmounted  by  a  broad, 
silky,  white,  marginal  fringe,  in  the  center  of  which  is  a  cone- shaped  cap  or  lid,  which 
is  removed  when  the  young  nymph  makes  its  e.xit  from  the  egg." 

"  A  freshly  laid  cluster  of  these  eggs,  deposited  Aug.  7th,  hatched 
on  the  17th,  so  that  the  duration  of  the  egg  state,  under  ordinary 
circumstances,  can  not  be  more  than  ten  or  twelve  days.  The  eggs 
are  deposited  in  clusters  to  the  number  of  eight,  ten,  or  more,  on 
either  the  upper  or  lower  surface  of  the  (cotton)  leaf,  and  are  closely 
together  in  a  sticky,  dark  honey-yellow,  or  reddish-yellow  secretion." 

"  Nym])h,  first  stage.  Length  1.8  mm.,  and  of  a  piceous  or  shiny  black  color  ; 
the  antenna;,  except  at  extreme  base,  the  apical  half  of  middle  and  posterior  tibiae  and 
all  tarsi  being  brownish  yellow,  while  the  middle  and  hind  legs,  except  as  already  noted, 
are  dark,  piceous.  The  antennas  are  cylindrical,  4-jointed,  as  long  as  the  body,  the 
first  and  last  joints  being  nearly  equal  in  length,  while  the  second  and  third  united  are 
a  little  shorter  than  the  first  ;  the  head  is  large,  oblong  and  smooth,  widest  anteriorly, 
and  as  long  as  the  thorax,  the  beak  is  stout,  extending  to  between  the  middle  coxre  ; 
the  thorax  is  divided  into  two  lobes,  each  of  which  bears  a  pair  of  spines  ;  abdomen 
short  and  not  longer  than  the  hind  lobe  of  the  thorax  ;  the  anterior  femora  are  longer 
and  much  stouter  than  the  others  and  armed  with  strong  spines  above  and  beneath, 
their  tibiae  shorter  and  slenderer,  pilose  and  with  three  spines  beneath  ;  while  the 
middle  and  hind  legs  are  shorter  and  more  slender,  without  spines  although  more  or 
less  pilose." 


c.  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Socieiy.         [\ui  ix- 

It  eats  young  cotton-worms  and  other  insects  in  Mississippi. 

Sinea  undulata   Uhl. 

Sinea    undulata    Uhlkr,    Proc.    Calif.    Acad.    Sc,   IV,    1894,  p.    282  ;     Leth.   & 

Severin,  Cat.  Hemip.,  Ill,  1896,  p.  199. 

Brownish-cinereous,  pale  gray,  pubescent,  similar  to  .S'.  diadema,  but  wider,  with 
a  shorter  neck  and  femora,  with  the  spines  more  numerous  and  crowded  together  on 
the  front  division  of  the  head,  with  the  carinate  lines  of  the  middle  of  the  pronotum 
prominently  and  sharply  defined,  and  the  knobs  each  side  of  the  base  elevated,  and 
surmounted  by  a  little  tubercle ;  three  double  series  of  spine-like  black  tubercles  on 
the  anterior  lobe  of  the  pronotum.  Venter  with  a  series  of  oblique,  white  spots  on 
each  side  near  the  border  ;  scallops  of  the  lateral  border  more  prominent  and  placed 
farther  back  than  in  .S".  diadema,  the  inner  margin  of  corium  white.  Length  to  tip  of 
venter  14-15  mm.      Width  of  pronotum,  3  mm. 

Habitat :  California. 

This  species,  which  will  probably  prove  to  be  a  variety  or  aberra- 
tion of  diadema,  is  quite  a  characteristic  appearing  insect.  The  type 
has  been  seen  and  it  seems  to  agree  perfectly  with  the  description. 
None  of  the  many  specimens  of  Sinea  examined  by  me  were  referable 
to  this  species.     The  author's  description  is  given  above. 

Sinea  confusa,  sp.  nov, 

Sinea  i)iultispinosa%\\\^,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  XX HI,  1S62,  p.  443  (part). 

Sinea  diadema  Stal.,  Enum.  Hemip.,  II,  1872,  p.  70  (part). 

Sinea  tindula/a  Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  292. 

Length  10-13  mm.  Prothoracic  lobes  as  in  diadema.  Abdomen  of  the  female 
generally  inconspicuously  undulate,  sometimes  more  pronounced  but  never  as  promi- 
nent as  in  the  typical  diadema.  The  undulations  usually  rounded.  Abdomen  of 
the  male  entire,  or  very  slightly  undulate. 

Habitat:     Arizona.     Type,  no.  5364.      V.  S.  Nat.  Miis. 

This  species  has  hitherto  been  confounded  with  diadema.  The 
two  species  do  approach  each  other  very  closely  but  the  extremes  are 
conspicuously  distinct.  Coiifusa  has  been  also  confounded  with  un- 
dulata, but  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  that  could  occur.  The  author's 
discription  oi  undulata,  it  seems,  would  preclude  such  a  possibility. 

Of  this  species  I  have  seen  specimens  from  California,  Arizona 
and  Texas  in  the  United  States  and  from  various  localities  in  Mexico 
and  Central  America.  Its  habitat  will  aid  to  an  extent  in  separating 
it  from  diadema.  Specimens  sent  from  Mexico  by  Mr.  Champion 
have  the  abdomens  of  the  females  very  slightly  undulate,  while  those 
of  the  males  are  practically  entire. 


March.  loci.l     CaI'DELL:     ThE    GENUS    SlNEA    OF    AmYOT  &^  SeRVILI.E.       T 

In  the  discussion  of  this  species  under  the  name  itiidiilata  Mr. 
Champion  describes  a  variety  thus:  "  Var.  The  spines  on  the 
head  shorter,  and  those  on  the  anterior  lobe  of  the  pronotum  reduced 
to  conical  tubercles,  the  neck  simply  granulate  (  c?  9  )."  He  found 
intermediate  forms  connecting  the  variety  with  the  typical  specimens. 
The  variety  is  represented  in  the  National  Museum  by  both  male  and 
female  specimens. 

Sinea  coronata  Stal. 

(Plate  I,  Fig.  2.) 

Sinea  coronata  Stal,  Stett.  Ent,  Zeit.,  XXIII,  1862,  p.  444  ;  Walker,  Cat.  Hem. 

in  Brit.  Mus.,  VIII,  1873,  P-  138,  9;  Uhlkr,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv. 

No.  5,  2nd  Ser.  1876,  p.  61  ;  Uhler,  Check  List  Hem.,  1886,  p.   23  ;  Leth. 

&  Se\erin,   Cat.    Hem.,   Ill,   1896,   p.   199;    Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer. 

Rhync,  II,  1S99,  p.  292. 

Length,  13-15  mm.  Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  without  spines  on  the  disk, 
furnished  only  with  conical  tubercles.  Posterior  lobe  unarmed,  bigibbous  on  the  disk. 
x\bdomen  of  both  sexes  abruptly  widened  behind. 

Habitat:  United  States,  Mexico  and  Central  America.  Types, 
Mus.  Holm  and  Coll.  Sign. 

This  characteristic  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  others 
by  the  abruptly  widened  abdomen  in  both  sexes,  as  illustrated  at  fig. 
2  on  plate  I.  Diadema  is  its  nearest  ally,  and  from  it  it  is  distin- 
guished at  a  glance  by  the  anterior  prothoracic  lobe  being  without 
spines  on  the  disk.  It  occurs  in  the  southern  and  western  United 
States,  the  specimens  in  the  National  Museum  being  from  Texas. 

Sinea  complexa  Can  dell. 
(Platel,  Fig.  3.) 
Sinea  complexa  Caudell,  Can.  Ent.,  XXXII,  p.  67,  1900. 

Length  8-1 1  mm.  Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  distinctly  spined.  Posterior  lobe 
with  well-defined  spines  on  the  disk,  which  is  transversly  convex,  not  bigibbous. 
Abdomen  with  well-rounded  sides,  margins  entire.  Anterior  femora  with  the  last  two 
ventral  spines  of  the  inner  row  out  of  alignment,  the  terminal  one  the  more  so,  being 
sub-dorsally  located. 

Habitat :  This  is  a  western  species  described  from  California  and 
also  collected  in  Arizona.  A  s])ecimen  in  the  collection  of  the 
National  Museum  is  labelled  "Alabama,"  probably  erroneously  so. 
Type  no.  4433,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

This  well-marked  little  species  is  at  a  glance  recognized  from  all  the 
other  species,  Integra  alone  excepted,  by  the  posterior  prothoracic  lobe 


S  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  \x. 

being  distinctly  spined  on  the  disk.     The  peculiar  armature  of  the  an- 
terior femora  serves  to  separate  U  from  intei^ra. 

For  the  drawings  illustrating  this  species  I  am  indebted  to  Miss 
Lillie  L.  Howenstein. 

Sinea   Integra  Stdl. 

(Plate   I,  Fig.  4.) 
Sinea   iuiet^ra  Stal,  Stett.    Ent.  Zeit.,  XXIII,    1862,  p.  443;  Enum.   Hemip.,  II, 

1872,  p.  71  ;  Walker,  Cat.  Hem.  in  Brit.  Mus.,  VIII,  1873,  P-  ^S^,  9 ;  Uhlkk, 

Check  List  Hem.,  1886,  p.  23;  Leth.  &  Severin,  Cat.  Hemip.,  Ill,  1896,  p. 

199;  Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Anier.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  294. 

Both  lobes  of  the  piothorax  armed  with  spines,  disk  of  the  posterior  lobe  con- 
vex. Abdomen  not  undulate.  Anterior  femora  with  none  of  the  ventral  spines  out 
of  alignment. 

Habitat:  Mexico  and  Central  America.     Type,  Mus.  Holm. 

Mr.  Champion  examined  the  type  of  this  species  in  the  Signoret 
collection  and  found  it  to  be  a  m?i\e  confusa  {iindu/ata).  He  also  ex- 
amined the  type  (male)  in  the  Stockholm  Museum  and  presumably 
found  it  with  the  posterior  prothoracic  lobe  spined  as  he  expressly 
defines  integra  as  a  species  with  this  character.  By  reason  of  his  hav- 
ing seen  nearly  all  the  types  of  Stal's  species  his  definition  oi  integra 
is  accepted  with  confidence. 

Of  all  the  specimens  of  Sinea  examined  by  me  1  ha\e  found  not 
one  integra.  Stal  described  it  from  Mexico  and  ten  years  later  while 
writing  of  it  he  gives  only  Mexico  as  its  habitat.  I  have  seen  American 
specimens  labelled  as  integra  but  in  every  case  they  were  either  obvious 
mis-identifications  or  the  males  of  confiisa  which  they  doubtless  much 
resemble.  It  will  probably  develop  that  American  authors  have 
wrongly  interpreted  this  species  and  that  it  is  not  native  to  the  United 
States  at  all.  Champion  saw  but  six  specimens,  exclusive  of  the  type. 
This  would  indicate  that  this  is  a  comparatively  rare  species.  It  is 
said  to  resemble  diadema  in  general  form  but  the  sides  of  the  abdomen 
are  not  undulate  and  the  posterior  prothoracic  lobe  is  not  bigibbous  on 
the  disk.      The  figure  is  copied  from  Champion. 

Sinea  caudata  CJiavipion. 

(Plate  I,    Fig.   5.) 
Sinea  caudata  CilAMi'iON,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  293. 

Length  8-10.5  "J^^^-  Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  armed  with  sharp. tubercles,  poste- 
rior lobe  unarmed,  convex.  Margins  of  abdomen  entire.  Male  abdomen  subcaudate 
with  the  apex  emarginate. 


March,  i.joi]  Caudeli,  :  The  Genus  Sinea  of  Amvot  .^^  Si-'.Ki'ii.i.i-:.      9 

Habitat :  Central  America.      Type  Brit.  Mus. 

This  Central  American  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  6".  raptoria 
but  the  males  may  by  separated  by  the  apex  of  the  abdomen  as  given 
in  the  table  of  species.  The  females  are  practically  inseparable.  The 
tubercles  on  the  anterior  lobe  of  the  prothorax  are  somewhat  more 
acute  in  caudata  than  in  raptoria.  The  author  had  before  him  five 
males  and  six  females. 

Sinea  raptoria  Stdl. 
(Plate  I,  Fig.  6.) 
Sinea  raptoria  Stal,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  XXIII,  1862,  p.  444  ;  Walker,  Cat.  Hemip. 
Meter.   Brit.  Mus.,  VIII,  1873,  PP-   138,  I39  ;   Uhi.er,  Bull.   U.  S.  Geol.  & 
Geog.  Surv.  No.  5,  2d  Sen,   1876,  p.   61  ;    Check   List  Hemip.,    1886,  p.   23; 
Leth.   &  Severin,  Cat.  Hemip.,  Ill,  1896,  p.  199  ;  Hubbard,  Supp.  Psyche, 
1899,  p.  6  ;  Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  293. 
Sinea  denticuiosa  St.al,  Emim.  Hemip.,  II,  1872,  p.  70;   Leth.  &   Severin,  Cat. 
Hemip.,   Ill,  1896,   p.    198. 

Length,  8-1 1  mm.  Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  armed  with  short  conical  tubercles. 
Posterior  lobe  unarmed,  convex  on  the  disk.  Abdomen  entire,  not  caudate,  sub- 
truncate  at  apex. 

Habitat :  United  States,  Mexico  and  Central  America.  Types, 
Mus.  Holm,  and  Coll.  Sign. 

Mr.  Champion  established  the  synonymy  oi denticuiosa  with  raptoria 
by  critically  comparing  their  respective  types  and  finding  them  in- 
separable. 

This  species  is  closely  related  to  caudata  and  sanguisuga,  but  may 
be  separated  from  them  by  characters  given  in  the  table.  The  males 
are  necessary  for  a  correct  determination. 

Raptoria  is  comnion  to  the  United  States,  Mexico  and  Central 
America,  but  with  us  it  has  been  recorded  only  from  the  western 
States. 

Sinea  sanguisuga  Stat. 

(Plate  I,  Figs  7  and  8). 
Sinea  sangustiga  Stal,  Stett.,  Ent.  Zeit.,  XXIII,  1862,   p.    444;    Enum.  Hemip., 

II,  1872,  p.   71;  Walker,  Cat.  Hem.   Het.  Brit.   Mus.,  VIII,  1873,  p.   138, 
139;  Uhler,  Check  List  Hem.,  1886,  p.  23  ;  Leth.  &  Severin,  Cat.  Hemip., 

III,  1896,  p.  199;  Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  294. 
Length  10-13  mm.      First  pair  of  anteocular  spines  usually  twice  as  long  as  the 

third  pair.  Thorax  as  in  raptoria.  Abdomen  entire,  outer  angles  of  the  fourth  seg- 
ment sometimes  prominent  or  subdentiform,  especially  in  the  male,  where  sometimes 
the  fifth  segment  is  also  slightly  prominent.  Segments  four  and  basal  half  of  segments 
five  and  six  usually  of  the  same  color  as  the  rest  of  the  abdomen,  sometimes  slightly 
darker. 


10  JouKNAi.  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Vol  ix. 

Habitat:  United  States,  Mexico  and  Central  America.  Type, 
Miis.  Holm. 

The  table  will  enable  the  student  to  separate  this  species  from  the 
other  members  of  the  genus.  Some  difficulty  may  be  experienced  in 
separating  it  from  spinipes  as  the  differences  here  are  but  relative.  The 
abdomens  of  the  males  are  usually  sharply  angulated  on  the  fourth 
segment,  sometimes  also  on  the  fifth.  The  specimens  in  the  National 
Museum  are  from  Texas. 

Sinea  spinipes  Hen-.-Sch. 

Harpador  spmipes  IlERRlCH-ScH.liFi-ER,  Wanz.  Ins.,  VIII,  1848,  p.  82. 

Sniea  spinipes  Stal,   Enum.  Heinip.,  II,  1872,  p.  71;    Uhler,  Check  List  Hem., 

1886,  p.  23;  Leth.  &  Severin,  Cat.   Hemip.,  Ill,  1896,  p.  199;  Champion, 

Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  295. 

Length,  12-15  mm.  First  pair  of  anteocular  spines  seldom  twice  as  long  as  the 
third.  Thorax  as  in  sangidsuga.  Abdomen  entire.  The  fourth  and  basal  half  of 
segments  five  and  six  of  the  abdomen  generally  conspicuously  darker  than  the  rest  of 
the  body,  usually  more  constant  in  the  females. 

Habitat :  United  States,  Mexico  and  South  America? 

This  species  was  described  and  figured  from  South  America  by 
Herrich-Schaeffer  in  1848,  but  it  has  never  since  been  reported  from 
that  locality.  In  1872  Stal  gave  its  habitat  as  Mexico.  It  occurs  all 
over  the  southern  and  central  parts  of  the  United  States.  Its  closest 
ally  is  satiguisuga  and  the  diff'erences.  enumerated  in  the  table  will 
usually  separate  them.  The  range  of  spinipes  seems  to  extend  farther 
north  than  does  that  o^ sa/igiiisuga,  the  latter  species  generally  occurring 
only  in  the  extreme  southern  states.  The  distinct  black  band  across 
the  abdomen  especially  in  the  females,  will  usually  serve  to  separate  it 
from  its  allies,  though  this  is  sometimes  seen,  to  a  lesser  extent  in 
sangiiisuga  and  especially  in  defccta.  The  long  anteocular  spines  at 
once  separated  it  from  the  latter  species. 

Sinea  rileyi  Motitafuh/i. 

Sinea  rileyi  Montaxdon,   Proc.    U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  XVI,  1893,  p.  51  ;   Uhler,  N. 

A.  Fauna,  No.  7,  1895,  p.  250;  Leth.  &  Severin,  Cat.  Hemip.,  Ill,  1896,  p. 

199;  Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  295. 

Length,  9.5-12  mm.  Head  with  large  tubercles  or  short  blunt  spines  before  the 
eyes  instead  of  well  developed  spines.  Anterior  prothoracic  lobe  armed  with  tubercles 
posterior  lobe  unarmed,  convex  on  the  disk.  A  pale  fascia  at  the  lateral  extremity  of 
each  segment  of  the  abdomen,  which  is  entire  and  with  the  margins  well  rounded,  not 
at  all  angulated  at  the  sides  in  either  sex.  Membrane  of  the  hemelytra  with  a  longi- 
tudinal dusky  mark  extending  to  the  tip,  rarely  obsolete  or  not  easily  seen. 

Habitat :  United  States.     Type,  Coll.  Montandon. 


March,  igoi.]      CaUDELL  :     ThE  GENUS  SiNEA  OK  ^.1/K()  7"  ^-   .SaA' /  7/./.  A.      11 

This  species  is  somewhat  allied  to  saiiguisuga  and  related  forms, 
but  the  short  anteocular  spines  will  serve  to  distinguish  it  from  all  ex- 
cept defecta,  in  which  case  the  characters  given  in  the  table  will  serve 
to  distinguish  it.  It  was  described  from  California  and  there  are 
specimens  in  the  National  Museum  from  Texas  and  Arizona.  There 
is  also  a  single  specimen  labelled  ' '  North  Carolina. ' '  This  seems  quite 
out  of  its  ordinary  range  and  the  specimen  may  be  wrongly  labelled. 

The  antennae  of  this  species  are  obscurely  ringed  with  pale  bands 
on  the  first  segment,  in  some  cases  scarcely  visible. 

Sinea  defecta  Stdl. 

(Plate  I,  Fig.  9.) 
Sinea  defecta  Stal,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  XXIII,  1862,  p.  445  ;  Envini.  Ilemip.,  II,  1872, 

p.  71  ;   Walker,  Cat.  Hemip.    Heter.   Brit.  Mus.,  VIII,  1873,  pp.    139,  140; 

Uhler,  Check  List  Hemip.,  1886,  p.  23  ;  Leth.  &  Severin,  Cat.  Hemip.,  Ill, 

1896,  p.  198  ;  Champion,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.   Rhync,  II,  1899,  p.  295. 

Length,  II-13.5  mm.  Head  and  thorax  as  in  rileyi.  Abdomen  entire,  seg- 
ment four  without  a  pale  fascia.  The  fourth  and  basal  half  of  segments  five  and  six 
of  the  abdomen  usually  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  body,  generally  more  constant  in 
the  females.  Abdomen  of  the  male  with  the  apical  angle  of  the  fourth  segment 
slightly  prominent  or  subangulate.  Membrane  of  the  hemelytra  without  a  longitudinal 
dusky  mark. 

Habitat:  Mexico  and  Central  America.      Type,  Museum  Holm. 

This  species  resembles  spiuipes  in  coloration,  size  and  form  but  is 
at  once  distinguished  from  it,  as  well  as  from  all  others,  by  having 
only  very  short  blunt  spines  or  tubercles  on  the  anterior  part  of  the 
head.     This  character  is  shown  at  figure  9  on  plate  I. 


Fig.  I 

Fig.  2 

Fig-  3 

Fig.  4 

Fig-  5 


Fig.  I 

Fig.  2 

Fig-  3 

Fig.  4 

Fig.  5 

Fig.  6 

Fig.  7 

Fig.  8 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE    I. 

Sinea  diadema  Fab.  Fig.   6.    Sinea  raploria  StAi.. 

"       coronata  StaL.  Fig.    7.      "       sanguisiiga  St.\L. 

"        coinplexa  Caud.  P'ig.   8.      "       sanguisuga  Stai,. 

"        integi-a  Siki,.  Fig.   9.      "       defec/a  Stm.. 
"        caiidata  ChamP. 

EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE   II. 

Acholla  imdtispinosa  Dec.   9-      (Tip  of  abdomen,  ventral  view.) 
"  "  "9-      (Tip  of  abdomen,  apical  view. ) 

Sinea  diadema  F.\B.      (Hemielytron. ) 
"  "  "  (Wing.) 

"  "  "         (Fore  leg. ) 

(Claw.) 
Acholla  multispinosa  Dec.   $ .     (Tip  of  abdomen,  ventral  view.) 
"  "  "      ^-      (Tip  of  abdomen,  apical  view. ) 


1  -2  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

LIFE-HISTORY  OF    PLATYSENTA    VIDENS  GUEN. 

l!v  Otto  Seikkki. 

Southward  from  Astoria,  New  York  to  the  railroad  and  eastward 
to  the  little  village  of  Woodside,  spreads  a  pasture-like  tract  of  land, 
interrupted  by  sand  pits  and  boggy  depressions,  the  latter  being  cov- 
ered a  few  months  in  the  year  by  rank  vegetation.  Every  tree  and 
bush  of  this  once  wooded  region  has  been  removed  and  almost  noth- 
ing is  left  but  the  sandy  soil,  covered  with  a  low  growth  of  frugal 
grasses.  Mortified  nature,  to  relieve  the  monotonous  landscape,  has 
compassionately  ornamented  this  desert  with  some  of  its  hardiest 
plants.  Euthainia  p-aminifolia,  E.  caroliniaiia,  different  species  of 
Aster  and  Linaria  tin  aria,  in  small  fields  and  patches,  cover  the 
ground.  Most  abundant  are  the  two  species  of  Euthamia  and,  as 
these  are  shunned  by  cattle,  their  dense  yellow  flower  clusters  and 
emerald  green  foliage  last  until  late  in  October.  The  smaller  one,  E. 
caroliniana,  reaches  an  average  height  of  twelve  inches.  The  dry, 
brown  stems  of  the  previous  season  mostly  persist,  forming  with  the 
young  shoots  (both  Euthamia  are  perennial  by  rootstocks)  low, 
spreading  patches.  These  spots  are  the  favorite  habitat  of  the  Platy- 
senta  larvre.  Here  they  find  a  shelter  against  the  parching  rays  of 
the  sun,  protection  against  rain  and  a  comparatively  safe  place  for 
their  final  transformations.  The  oval  cocoons  or  earth  cells  are  formed 
in  the  sandy  soil  near  or  on  the  surface,  supported  and  screened  by 
the  superficial  roots  of  the  food-plant.  Only  in  a  few  cases  larv?e 
were  found  feeding  on  species  of  Solidago,  while  hundreds  might 
have  been  collected  without  trouble  within  these  patches  of  Euthamia. 

The  moth  oi  Platysenta  videns  appears  in  three  generations.  The 
first  leaves  its  cocoon  late  in  May,  finishing  its  course  of  life  early  in 
July,  while  larvie  of  the  last  brood  may  be  found  till  the  middle  of 
October.  The  caterpillars  are  most  abundant  from  August  till  Oc- 
tober. They  do  not  feed  on  the  flower  clusters,  only  on  the  leaves. 
During  the  day  time  they  rest  on  the  stems  and  leaves  of  the  food 
plant,  stretched  closely  to  their  resting  places,  the  small,  flat  head,  ex- 
tended forward  and  the  well -developed  anal  legs  spreading  and  pro- 
jecting posteriorly.  The  normal  color  of  the  fully  grown  larva 
is    the   rather  pale,  dull  green   of  the  Euthamia  leaf,  with   fine    dor- 


March,  igoi.]      SeIFERT  :     LlFE-HlSTORY    OF    PlATYSENTA    VIDENS.  13 

sal,  subdorsal  and  lateral  white  lines  and  a  broad  white  stigmatal  band. 
It  would  be  difficult  to  detect  them  were  it  not  for  this  white  band. 
When  disturbed  they  emit,  like  many  other  caterpillars,  a  yellowish 
brown  or  greenish  juice.  At  least  75  per  cent,  of  the  larvae  follow 
this  type.  Another  form  is  chocolate  brown  with  the  same  lines. 
Between  these  two  forms  a  variety  of  lighter  brown  shades  to  olive 
green  are  found.  The  variety  in  color  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  sex 
or  coloration  of  the  imago,  neither  does  the  color  protect  the  larvae 
from  the  attacks  of  their  parasites,  as  the  dark  forms  are  infested  in 
the  same  proportion  as  the  normal  green  form. 

Of  the  parasites,  Frofoinicrop/ifis  callipfera  Say,  is  most  abundant. 
This  and  a  dipteron,  Winthemia  quadripustulata  Fab.,  may  be  seen 
hovering  over  the  blossoms  of  the  food-plant.  As  the  grubs  of  the 
parasites  leave  the  caterpillars  before  the  latter  form  their  cells,  the 
little  whitish  oval  cocoons  of  the  Protomicroplitis  may  often  be  found 
fastened  to  the  leaves  and  twigs,  though  as  a  rule  the  grubs  bury  them- 
selves in  the  ground  deeper  than  their  hosts.  Tanisais  gefmnatus 
Say,  is  a  larger,  but  far  rarer  parasite  infesting  them. 

The  larvcC  and  pupae  of  the  moth  are  hardy  and  develop  easily 
even  when  forced  by  heat,  the  pup^e  of  the  parasites  being  more 
sensitive.  The  caterpillars  do  not  appear  to  be  much  subject  to 
contagious  larval  diseases — muscardine  and  flaccidencia — though 
both  diseases  are  usually  most  infectious  and  many  larvae  of  Arctia 
arge,  Arctia  na'is,  Leucarctia  acrcea,  Arsilonche  alboz'enosa,  etc.,  are 
killed  by  the  first  named  disease  and  found  as  stiff,  whitish  corpses  on 
top  of  grass  blades  and  stems  within  and  around  the  habitat  of  the 
Platysenta,  while  the  pretty,  adaptive  larva  of  CiiciiUia  asteroides  feed- 
ing fret[uently  on  the  blossoms  of  Solidago  and  Euthamia  are  often 
found  affected  or  destroyed  by  the  latter  disease. 

The  summer-heat  quickly  develops  the  moth,  the  copulation  is  of 
short  duration  and  the  female  at  once  deposits  her  eggs  singly  or  not 
more  than  six  on  a  leaf.  They  are  not  fastened  very  tightly  and  may 
be  shaken  off  by  beating. 

The  larvae  were  plentiful  in  the  district  alluded  to  above.  Several 
places  in  Westchester  Co.,  where  E .  graminifolia  grows  plentifully  i^E. 
caroliniana  is  far  more  local),  were  carefully  searched  for  the  larvae, 
but  none  were  found.  Even  virgin  females  exposed  there  did  not 
find  mates.  These  localities  are  mostly  boggy  or  rocky.  Common 
as  the  moth  is,  it  still  seems  to  be  confined  to  certain  conditions  and 


14  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [voi.  ix. 

one  of  these,  besides  the  presence  of  one  of  the  Euthamia,  is  a  light 
and  dry  sandy  soil,  where  water  can  not  collect. 

May  24th,  six  females  were  exposed  near  Woodside  in  three  different 
places.  Earlier  trials  with  prematurely  appearing  females  had  been  un- 
successful. A  heaAy  rain  set  in  that  night  lasting  until  the  following 
noon  :  nevertheless  early  in  the  morning  two  of  the  females  were 
found  fertilized,  they  deposited  eggs  by  degrees  until  May  27th,  when 
they  died. 

^^i,X- — Almost  spherical,  slightly  higher  than  the  widest  diameter 
of  0.5  mm.,  pale  yellowish  green.  Around  the  sunken,  circular, 
shallow  vertex  arise  eight  equidistant  prominent  ribs,  eight  to  ten  more 
arise  above  the  middle  of  the  egg,  so  that  at  the  base  sixteen  to  twenty 
vertical  equally  well  defined,  rather  robust  ribs  pass  across  the  base, 
eighteen  to  twenty  equidistant  stride  cross  horizontally,  giving  the 
empty  eggshell  the  appearance  of  being  covered  with  a  fine  regular 
network. 

The  yellowish  green  color  of  the  egg  changes  after  36  to  48  hours 
to  a  paler  green  ;  a  purplish  brown  stripe  encircling  the  middle  and  a 
spot  of  the  same  color  spreading  gradually  from  the  vertex  ;  soon  the 
whole  upper  half  is  pale  purplish  brown,  the  vertical  ribs,  especially 
those  near  the  summit,  turning  transparent  and  colorless.  By  June 
2d  all  the  eggs  had  hatched,  the  young  larvte  eating  an  opening  side- 
ways, leave  the  colorless  membrane  intact. 

Stage  I. — Soon  after  hatching  the  young  larvte  become  active, 
collecting  in  numbers  on  the  branchlets  and  at  the  slightest  touch  sus- 
pend themselves  by  silken  threads.  They  are  slender,  about  2.5-3.0 
mm.  long  when  resting,  slightly  widening  from  the  third  thoracic  seg- 
ment towards  head.  Head  perceptibly  wider  than  the  body,  flat,  uni- 
formly very  light  brownish,  clypeus  paler,  ocelli  darker  brown. 
Ground  color  yellowish  green,  but  being  almost  transparent  the  con- 
tents of  the  inner  organs  changes  the  color  to  various  tints  of  darker 
green.  The  larv?e  are  geometrid-like,  distinctly  hunched  on  eleventh 
segment ;  the  first  two  pairs  of  abdominal  legs  undeveloped.  Tuber- 
cles small,  black,  the  single  bristles  about  half  as  long  as  the  width  of 
the  body,  also  black.  Feet  concolorous  with  body.  Thoracic  feet 
spread  sideways  when  walking. 

5/<?v<^  //. — (June  7th.)  Length  of  larva  about  4.0  mm.,  width  of 
middle  of  body  0.5,  of  head  0.52  mm.  Body  slightly  tapering  to- 
wards last  segment,  nth  segment  perceptibly  hunched.     The  varia- 


March,  I90I.]      SeIFERT  :     LlFE-HlSTORV    OF    PLATYSENTA    VIDENS.  15 

bility  of  the  green  ground-color,  especially  on  the  first  five  segments 
and  the  two  last  ones,  is  due  to  the  transparency  of  the  skin  and  the 
momentary  condition  of  the  intestines.  A  clear  white  dorsal  line 
starts  from  the  anterior  edge  of  first  segment  and  reaches  to  edge  of 
anal  shield.  In  the  middle  of  the  space  between  dorsal  line  and  stig- 
mata, from  anterior  edge  of  first  to  tenth  segments  where  it  becomes 
untraceable,  runs  a  fine  subdorsal  white  line  ;  equidistant  from  the 
subdorsal  line  and  stigmata  extends  a  fine  white  lateral  line  to  edge 
of  anal  shield,  also  commencing  from  anterior  edge  of  first  segment. 
A  broad,  prominent  white  stigmatal  band  extends  to  anal  legs.  Set?e 
small,  arising  from  very  minute  points  arranged  in  the  usual  noctuid 
manner.  (Dyar,  Classific.  of  Lepidopt.  Larvae.)  Head  very  pale 
tan-colored,  flat,  shiny,  with  a  few  bristles  ;  from  vertex  ;  diverging 
from  the  summit,  run  two  olive- brown  or  olive-green  stripes,  includ- 
ing the  whitish  clypeus,  ending  near  the  upper  lip,  another  similar 
stripe  (subdorsal)  terminates  near  the  mandibles  and  a  3d  (lateral) 
one,  wedge-shaped,  reaches  the  base  of  the  antenna. 

Stage  III. — The  larv^-e  reach  a  length  of  8-9  mm.,  width  of  head 
0.75  mm.,  and  width  of  5th  and  6th  segment  i.o  mm.,  tapering 
slightly  towards  head  and  last  segment.  The  second  pair  of  abdom- 
inal legs  more  developed  than  the  first  pair.  When  resting  stretched 
out  the  larva  uses  the  second  pair,  holding  them  vertically  while  the 
other  normally  developed  ones  are  turned  sideways,  yet  often  they 
rest  in  geometrid-like  manner.  The  larvae  still  suspend  themselves 
when  disturbed  on  silken  threads  and  twist  almost  in  a  knot. 

Head  very  pale  yellowish  brown,  striped  as  before  but  more  pro- 
nounced. The  lower  wedge-shaped  stripe,  including  the  bow  of 
blackish  ocelli,  becomes  partly  broken  up  by  white  mottlings.  Buccal 
region  whitish,  appearing  as  a  continuation  of  the  white  stigmatal 
band.  Ground  color,  band  and  lines  practically  as  before,  the  sub- 
dorsal line  reaching  nth  segment,  where  it  gradually  vanishes. 

Stage  IV. — The  larva  attains  an  average  length  of  1 5  mm.,  width  of 
middle  of  body  2.0  mm.,  width  of  head  i.o  mm.  The  looper-like 
gait  is  almost  entirely  abandoned,  and  as  the  two  first  pairs  of  abdom- 
inal legs  are  not  as  well  developed  as  the  hinder  ones,  these  latter  are 
spread  slightly  sideways  to  give  the  first  two  pairs  a  hold  on  the  leaf. 
Disturbed  they  do  not  drop  themselves  any  more  on  silken  threads  or 
curl  up  knot-like,  but  try  to  get  upon  their  feet  again  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. 


16  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Head  in  general  as  before,  the  lateral  wedge-shaped,  brown  streak 
still  more  reduced  by  enlarged  white  mottlings.  The  green  ground- 
color more  intense.  The  white  dorsal  line  forms  on  top  of  the 
hump  a  characteristic  small  white  oval  spot,  often  followed  on  the  plant 
by  a  still  smaller  one.  The  subdorsal  line  terminates  at  edge  of  anal 
segment.  Very  frequently  the  stigmatal  cream-white  band  contains 
irregularly  rose-colored  oval  spots  and  above  the  legs  a  yellowish,  partly- 
interrupted  pedal  line  is  formed.  The  green  color  from  pedal  line  to 
lateral  line  appears  of  a  brighter  green  shade  than  the  regions  above  ; 
this  is  caused  by  an  accumulation  of  very  minute  yellowish  white  con- 
fluent dots  and  streaks  most  profuse  in  the  middle  of  the  green  spaces 
between  dorsal,  subdorsal  and  lateral  lines  spreading  sideways.  Tu- 
bercles appear  as  minute  black  dots  surrounded  by  small  disc-like  white 
spots  ;  set?e  small,  black  and  soft.  Ventrally  uniformly  green  but  of 
a  fainter  and  duller  shade.  Stigmata  oval,  clay-colored  with  black 
wing.  On  first  segment  the  spiracle  is  only  partly  enclosed  within  the 
white  band,  on  eleventh  segment  it  is  situated  above  the  band.  Seg- 
mental incisures  appear  as  yellow  rings  when  the  larva  is  not  out- 
stretched. 

S/a(^e  V. — The  larvae  attain  an  average  length  of  18-20  mm. 
Width  of  head  i .  5  mm. ,  width  of  middle  of  body  2.5  mm.  All  sixteen 
legs  equally  well  developed  ;  all  geometrid-like  habits  are  abandoned. 
Head  rather  flat,  dull  greenish  white,  with  the  brown  or  dark  green 
streaks  as  before,  the  lower  wedge-shaped  patch  dissolved  into  irregular 
reticulations.  Mouth  parts  scarcely  colored.  Antennae  pinkish,  tipped 
with  black. 

Normally  the  dorsal  line  is  diminished  but  distinct  and  uniform. 
With  many  specimens  it  is  interrupted  posteriorly  on  the  segments,  or 
appears  composed  of  many  irregular  small  whitish  dots  and  often  the 
line  is  wanting  in  front  of  the  oval,  white  spot  on  the  hump.  A  rather 
broad  dark  green  shade  attenuated  in  the  middle  of  each  segment  seems 
only  to  be  caused  by  the  action  of  the  dorsal  vessel  ;  subdorsal  and 
lateral  lines  as  before.  The  cream  white  stigmatal  band  extends  from 
the  buccal  region  to  the  extremity  of  the  anal  legs.  This  band  is 
variegated  more  or  less  with  rose  color  or  deep  pinkish  in  irregular 
spots,  wavy  double  lines  or  even  by  a  narrow,  irregularly  edged  central 
band.  The  yellowish-green  color  of  dorsal  and  lateral  area  is  still 
more  changed  by  irrorations  formed  by  innumerable  minute,  confluent 
yellowish-white  dots  ;   below  lateral  line  to  pedal  line  these  dots  are  far 


March,  igoi.]     SeIFERT  :     LiFE  HlSTORY    OF    PlATYSENTA    VIDENS.  17 

less  profuse  and  hence  the  green  color  more  vivid.  Legs  concolorous 
with  body,  thoracic  legs  almost  translucent,  abdominal  ones  tipped  with 
pink  near  the  feet. 

During  this  period,  between  fourth  and  fifth  moult,  the  larvae  com- 
mence to  appear  in  different  variations  ;  from  the  most  abundant 
(about  75  %)  green  form  through  all  shades  of  olive-green  to  choco- 
late brown.  The  lines,  stigraatal  band,  oval  spot  on  hump,  confluent 
dots  and  white  discs  around  setae  are  permanent.  The  rose-colored 
markings  of  stigmatal  band  are  rarer  with  the  brown  varieties.  The 
head  varies  according  to  the  color  of  the  larva,  lighter  or  darker 
shades — always  lighter  than  the  color  of  the  body  ;  the  brown  streaks 
are  unaltered.      June  17th  some  of  the  larvce  passed  their  fifth  moult. 

Shige  VI. — In  about  six  days  they  attain  their  maturity,  measuring 
about  35  mm.,  width  of  head  2.15  mm.,  first  segment  posteriorly 
2.75  mm.,  third  segment  posteriorly  4.0  mm.,  width  of  eighth  segment 
4.25  mm.  The  larva  tapers  towards  head  from  third  thoracic  segment  ; 
abdomen  almost  cylindrical,  eleventh  segment  moderately  hunched. 
Head  pale  green,  with  a  black,  narrow,  lateral  band  on  each  side  end- 
ing, pointed,  between  base  of  antenna  and  upper  lip.  On  both  sides 
of  the  black  band  following  this  in  its  extension,  the  green  color  is 
changed  to  opaque  greenish  white.  Mouth  parts  sordid  whitish,  semi- 
transparent.  Ocelli  black  ;  base  of  antenna  pale,  translucent  greenish 
white,  tipped  above  with  rose  color,  with  a  brown  spot  at  the  joint 
and  dark  brown  at  the  end.  Below  ocelli,  continuing  from  stigmatal 
band,  the  buccal  region  opaque  greenish  white,  often  with  brownish 
dash  above.  Head  not  entirely  smooth  ;  clypeus  with  fine  transverse 
furrows,  the  other  part  of  head  very  minutely  shagreened.  Setee 
scanty,  but  longer  than  those  on  body. 

The  larvae  grow  very  rapidly  during  this  period  and  are  subject  to 
much  change  in  the  ground  color,  which  at  the  beginning  of  this  in- 
star  is  rather  vivid  yellowish-green,  but  turns  towards  maturity  to  a  dull, 
more  bluish  green.  The  dorsal  vessel  modifies  this  region  by  a  darker 
green,  obscuring  the  dorsal  line  more  or  less  ;  sub-dorsal  and  lateral 
lines  mostly  indistinct  but  traceable  and  always  very  clear  and  plain 
on  thoracic  segments.  Segmental  incisures  narrowly  but  distinctly 
ringed  with  yellow,  but  this  is  only  visible  when  the  larva  leaves  its 
outstretched  position,  feeding  or  moving,  and  contracts  the  somites,  so 
that  the  skin  becomes  folded  and  compressed  at  the  sutures.  Stigmata 
pale  ochre  with  black  rim.      From  head   to  anal   legs  extends  a   broad 


18  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.  [Voi.  ix. 

cream  white  band.  On  first  and  eleventh  segment  the  spiracles  only 
touching  its  upper  margin  and  on  eighth  and  ninth  they  are  situated 
only  partly  within  the  band.  Often  a  narrow  brown  or  purplish  line 
borders  the  white  band  above  ;  sometimes  this  line  is  interrupted  or 
only  indicated  by  a  dash  on  first  segment ;  in  most  cases  it  encloses  a 
narrow  rose  colored,  irrorated  band  with  darker  red  edges ;  this  red 
band  may  be  interrupted  and  often  is  scarcely  indicated  or  wanting 
entirely. 

The  green  color  above  and  below  is  mottled  with  innumerable  more 
or  less  distinct,  yellowish  white  dots  and  streaks,  most  plentiful  be- 
tween dorsal  and  lateral  lines  where  they  become  confluent,  forming 
mecandric  and  tortuous  designs.  On  top  of  hump  on  nth  segment 
an  oval,  yellowish  white  spot,  often  pinkish  inside,  sometimes  a  still 
smaller  one  below  on  the  slant. 

Setae  very  small  and  weak  arising  from  white  disk-like  tubercles,  a 
still  more  anterior  white  disk  than  ;  does  not  bear  bristle.  Ventrally 
and  subventrally  the  green  color  is  more  intense  than  above.  Fore- 
legs greenish  but  pale  ;  abdominal  legs  green  with  minute  whitish  dots, 
feet  tipped  with  rose  color  or  pink. 

The  dark  varieties  occur  in  all  shades  from  olive  brown  and  pur- 
plish to  paler  or  darker  chocolate  brown.  Markings  the  same  as  in 
the  normal  green  form.  The  stigmatal  band  mostly  plain,  but  speci- 
mens banded  or  variegated  with  rose  color  are  not  scarce.  The  white 
lines  are  shaded  more  or  less  above  and  below  with  a  darker  tint  of 
ground  color. 

The  head  of  the  dark  varieties  has  the  same  color  but  paler  than 
the  body,  the  black  bands  are  the  same,  the  space  below  the  black 
band  and  white  buccal  region  is  often  marked  by  dark  brown  dashes 
or  reticulations.  June  14th  sixty  larvae,  all  green  with  striped  heads 
and  as  far  as  possible  before  5  th  moult  were  separately  reared  in  a 
roomy  glass  jar,  containing  an  abundance  of  the  dry  last  year's  stems 
and  branchlets  of  the  food  plant  and  dried-up,  brownish  leaves,  only 
few  fresh  plants  being  added,  for  food,  so  that  the  caterpillars  had 
almost  no  other  resting  place  but  the  dry  plant;  the  jar  was  kept  in 
a  light  though  shady  place.  June  25th  they  were  examined.  Five 
had  formed  their  cells  and  hence  the  color  could  not  be  ascertained, 
thirty-nine  were  of  the  brown  variety  in  different  shades  and  six- 
teen only  were  of  the  normal  green  form. 

Before  pupating  the  larva  turns  purplish  and,  usually  at  night,  forms 


March,  igoi.]  DyAR  :     PYRALID    LaRV^,    FROM    FLORIDA.  19 

on  or  near  the  surface  of  the  pround  an  oval,  brittle  cell  of  sand  and 
earth  in  which  it  transforms  to  a  pupa  within  a  few  hours. 

The  moderately  stout  pupa  is  of  a  light  chestnut  brown  ;  head, 
thorax,  wing  and  limb  cases  darker  brown,  finely  rugose  ;  movable 
segments  finely  punctured  anteriorly  with  darker  brown  edge  near 
sutures,  spiracles  also  darker  brown.  The  pupa  ends  in  two  spines 
about  0.7  mm.  in  length  and  is  not  fastened  to  the  cocoon.  Thorax 
slightly  compressed  sideways.  Length  of  earth-cell  15-17  mm.,  width 
in  the  middle  10  mm.  Length  of  pupa  12-13  mi"'''-?  width  of  3d  ab- 
dominal segment,  where  the  pupa  is  widest,  4.0-4.5  mm. 

First  imagines  of  these  broods  appeared  July  6th,  the  majority  from 
July  9th  to  July  12th. 

The  plain  color  and  design  of  Plaiyscnta  videns  precludes  marked 
variation.  The  large  material  obtained  by  breeding  shows  fairly  the 
range  of  variation.  The  moths  from  wintering  pupte  expand  27- 
32.5  mm.;  those  of  the  early  summer  brood  25-33  ™^'^''-  '^h^  sum- 
mer form  is  throughout  of  a  decidedly  darker  ground  color  of  pri- 
maries than  the  preceding  one,  even  the  fringe  being  often  uniformly 
blackish.  The  secondaries,  which  in  the  fall  brood  are  in  some  cases 
even  plain  whitish,  show  a  tendency  to  form  a  more  or  less  broad, 
sooty,  marginal  band,  sometimes  shading  beyond  the  middle.  This 
tendency  to  melanism  in  one  brood  is  caused  apparently  by  the  favor- 
able temperature  and  the  excellent  physiological  condition  of  the 
food-plant,  which  combined  produce  more  vigorous  individuals  than 
in  the  brood  growing  up  in  the  fall,  exposed  to  a  waning  food-plant 
and  frequently  to  the  vicissitudes  of  the  weather. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF   SOME   PYRALID   LARViE 
FROM   SOUTHERN   FLORIDA. 

By  Harrison  G.  Dyar. 

Margaronia  bivitralis  Guenfi- 

Larva.  Head  rounded,  whitish  green,  ocelli  black.  Body  slender,  uniform, 
segments  2-annulate,  setae  moderate.     Transparent,  the  blood  green,  food  dark  green. 

*  I  learn  from  Prof.  C.  H.  Fernakl  that  the  synonymy  as  given  in  the  Smith  list 
and  by  Hampson  is  erroneous  and  that  this  species  should  be  called  Glyphodes  sibil- 
lalis  Walk,  ^batesi  FQld^^alitalis  Hulst  (nee.  bivitralis  Guen. ). 


20  Journal  New  Vork  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Tubercles  large  colorless,  obscure,  normal  ;  iv  and  v  united.  A  black  dot  before 
tubercle  iib  on  joint  3,  sometimes  a  smaller  one  on  joint  4  and  one  behind  tubercle  iii 
on  joint  12.     Head  with  faint  red  reticulations;   width   1.7  mm. 

.Food-pla7it :  Mulberry  {Morus  rubra),  solitary  in  a  web  on  the 
back  of  a  leaf  folding  over  parts  of  the  leaf. 

Margaronia  infimalis  Giiai. 

Larva.  Head  pale  green,  clypeus  high.  Body  rather  short  and  thick,  cylin- 
drical, tapering  at  the  ends.  Leaf  green  with  a  subdorsal  white  line  ;  spiracles  small, 
whiti.sh  ;  setae  short. 

Food-plant :  Me/othria  i^reiidi/la,  solitary,  webbing  up  a  leaf. 

Syfepta  gordialis  Gucn. 

Lari'a.  Head  rounded,  full,  the  antenn^i;  long,  whitish,  reticulate  with  faint 
brown  dots  in  patches  each  side  of  the  suture,  over  the  lobes  centrally  and  behind  the 
eyes;  ocelli  black,  mouth  brown  ;  width  1.6  mm.  Body  a  little  flat,  the  cervical 
shield  invisible,  not  colored  except  for  a  blackish  pulverulent  line  at  the  edge.  Body 
shining,  pale  green,  translucent,  food  showing  dark  green.  Tubercles  colorless,  a 
black  half  ring  below  ii  on  joint  3  and  a  fainter  one  below  iii  on  joint  12.  No 
marks,  tracheal  line  white.  Anal  plate  invisible.  Setns  short,  white.  Tubercles  iv 
and  V  united  ;  on  thorax  i,  ii  and  iv -|-  v  with  black  dots,  on  joint  4  iib  only  so 
marked  ;  tubercle  iii  the  whole  length  sometimes  with  a  small  dot  and  one  also  at  ii 
on  12. 

Food-plaiit :  Pisonia  aciilcata  ;  also  on  the  cultivated  Boitgahivillia, 
to  which  it  is  often  rather  injurious,  webbing  up  the  leaves  and  partly 
defoliating  the  plants. 

Sylepta  anormalis  Git  en. 

Larva.  Head  green  with  brown  jaws  and  black  ocelli  ;  width  about  2  mm. 
Body  rather  thick,  the  segments  irregularly  2-annulate,  well  incised  ;  not  very  trans- 
lucent, shining  uniform  green,  trachece  faintly  white  ;  spiracles  a  little  yellowish  ;  a 
black  dot  on  joint  3  anteriorly  laterally.  Tubercles  transparent,  concolorous,  iv  and 
v  united,  vii  of  three  set?e.  Legs  slender,  bulbous  at  tip,  the  row  of  crochets  broken 
on  the  outside.      Sometimes  the  apices  of  head  lobes  a  little  reddish. 

Foodplant :  Morning  glory  {^Ipoinoea  spj).  ),  at  first  a  leaf-stitcher, 
later  curving  the  leaf  from  the  top  side  and  spinning  a  tent  over  the 
surface. 

Dichogama  amabilis  Moschl. 

Larva.  Head  rounded,  broad,  the  apex  under  joint  2  ;  clypeus  high,  the  para- 
clypeal  pieces  reaching  vertex  ;  antennae  rather  long  ;  whitish  with  large  angular 
olivaceous  blotchy  mottlings  and  tiny  black  dots,  the  tubercles  black  ringed  ;  sutures 
of  clypeus  black  ;  two  upper  ocelli  with  large  black  central  pigment  spots  ;  selK  long, 
fine  white  ;   width  3.4  mm.      Body  thick,  a  little  flattened,  narrowing  somewhat  pos- 


March,  igoi.]  DyaK  :     PyRALID    LaRV.*:    FROM    FLORIDA.  21 

teriorly  ;  cervical  shield  large,  weak,  translucent  whitish,  more  translucent  centrally 
and  anteriorly,  the  whitish  parts  black  dotted  and  a  marginal  black  line.  ISody 
whitish,  the  food  giving  a  green  tint.  A  double  yellow  dorsal  line  enclosing  the 
greenish  dorsal  vessel  ;  a  single  substigmatal  line  on  joints  3  to  13  anteriorly,  wavy 
edged  and  a  little  broken  ;  sides  a  little  whitened,  with  a  broken  white  lateral  line 
above  tubercle  iii,  obscurely  dusky  edged  above.  Tubercles  i  to  iii  white,  hair 
tubercles  black  with  a  distant  white  ring,  absent  on  iii  which  therefore  looks  smaller  ; 
iv  -|-  V  obscurely  white  ringed  and  vi  also  on  the  apodal  segments.  Anal  flap 
greenish  marbled  with  white.  Spiracles  light  red,  that  of  joint  5  lower  than  the  rest, 
.feet  short,  pale. 

Food-plant:  Capparis  jainaicensis ;  living  between  leaves  firmly 
spun  together. 

Dichogama  bergii  Moschl. 

Larva.  Head  round,  ape.x  below  joint  two,  clypeus  high,  reaching  cervical 
shield  in  the  ordinary  position  of  retraction,  whitish  with  scattered  patches  of  dark 
brown;  width  1.7  mm.  Body  pale  red,  scarcely  marked  ;  cervical  shield  transparent, 
faintly  spotted  ;  subdorsal  (above  i),  lateral  (between  ii  and  iii)  and  stigmatal  lines 
distinct,  whitish,  reaching  joints  3  to  13;  dorsal  vessel  reddish;  spaces  between 
dorsal  and  lateral  lines  and  between  lateral  and  stigmatal  filled  in  with  black  ;  brown- 
ish mottlings  on  subventral  fold,  subventer  colorless.  Body  a  little  flattened  ;  setse 
long  and  pale. 

■    Food-plant:   Capparis  cynophallophora ;  living  among  leaves  firmly 
spun  together. 

Epicorsia  mellinalis  Hi'tbn. 

Lar-ra.  Head  orange,  antenna;  whitish,  jaws,  eyes  and  ends  of  antennas  black  ; 
setje  rather  long,  pale.  Body  tapering  somewhat  posteriorly  ;  semitransparent  shin- 
ing dull  greenish,  subdorsal  and  stigmatal  lines  yellow  orange.  Cervical  shield  nearly 
white  with  many  irregular  black  spots.  Tubercles  black,  edged  with  white,  white 
centrally  but  the  hair  tubercle  again  black  ;  a  single  dorsal  spot  in  front  of  the  anal 
plate  which  is  colored  like  the  cervical  shield.     Thoracic  feet  black. 

Food-plant :  Citliarexyhini  villosuni  ;  curling  a  leaf  and  spinning  a 
web  over  the  top. 

Terastia  meticulosalis  Guen. 

Larva.  Head  rounded,  paraclypeal  pieces  reaching  verte.x  ;  blackish  brown, 
sutures  and  sides  black,  labrum  pale  ;  width  1. 9  mm.  Cervical  shield  moderate, 
brown,  bisected  ;  anal  plate  large,  pale  brown.  Body  large,  robust,  pale  luteous, 
faintly  coarsely  mottled  with  reddish  leaving  obscure  broken  pale  addorsal,  subdorsal, 
stigmatal  and  traces  of  subventral  lines  ;  dorsal  vessel  darker.  Skin  not  shining  ; 
minutely  granular  ;  segments  2-annulate.  Tubercles  large,  luteous  ;  il  arger  than  ii, 
iii  large,  iiia  before  and  above  spiracle,  iv  and  v  united,  one  above  the  other.  Spir- 
acle of  joint  12  more  dorsally  placed  than  the  others. 

Food-plant :  Erythrina  herbacea.     The  larva  is  an  internal  feeder, 


22  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

boring  in  the  younger  stems  which  it  completely  hollows  out,  killing 
them.  When  the  plant  is  in  early  flower,  the  young  flower  heads  are 
often  killed  and  webbed  up  into  a  foul  mass  by  this  larva.  Spins  a 
large  webby  cocoon  on  the  ground. 

Agathodes  designalis    Giicu. 

Larva.  Head  round,  clypeus  high  ;  brownish  orange,  bases  of  antenna;  and 
epistoma  white,  ocelH  and  ends  of  antennse  black;  width  1.7  mm.  Body  normal, 
tubercles  ia  -\-  ib,  iia  -|-  iib  and  iv  -|-  v  on  thorax,  iv  -|-  v  on  abdomen,  as  in  all  the 
Pyralids  here  described.  Sordid  greenish  dorsally,  more  ocherous  laterally  ;  tubercles 
large,  jet  black,  polished.  A  pale  yellow  subdorsal  line  on  joints  3  to  12  broken  in 
the  incisures.  Cervical  shield  transparent,  densely  black  spotted  ;  anal  flap  sparsely 
spotted.      Thoracic  feet  black,  abdominal  ones  with  hair  tubercles  of  vii  only  black. 

Food-plant  :  Erythrina  herhacea,  making  a  web  among  the  flowers. 
Bores  a  hole  in  soft  wood  to  pupate. 

Desmia  tages   Cra»i. 

Larva.  Head  rather  long,  shining  yellowish  luteous,  shading  to  bright  red 
t)rown  on  the  apices  of  the  lobes  ;  paraclypeal  pieces  reaching  vertex  but  narrow  and 
obscure  ;  clypeus  moderate  ;  four  upper  ocelli  large  and  black,  almost  contiguous  ; 
width  1.5  mm.  Body  transparent,  black  from  the  food  showing;  cervical  shield 
nearly  black,  bisected  by  a  pale  line.  Tubercles  large,  sordid  blackish  at  the  extrem- 
ities, colorless  centrally.  Trachere  and  excretory  tubules  white  ;  spiracles  rimmed 
with  pale  testaceous  ;  setre  long,  pale.  Tubercles  iv  and  v  united,  nearly  in  line,  iv 
a  trace  dorsad. 

Food-plant :  Psycliotria  iindata.  The  larva  is  a  leaf  roller,  rolling 
up  the  leaf  in  spiral  to  several  turns,  fastened  with  stitches  on  the 
outside  in  the  manner  of  a  Tortricid.  When  large,  several  leaves  are 
involved. 

Lineodes  integra  Zell. 

Larva.  Head  with  vertex  under  joint  2,  clypeus  moderate  ;  translucent  green- 
ish tinged  with  brown,  shining;  width  1.2  mm.  Cervical  shield  transparent  with  a 
black  fleck  on  either  side  before  the  edge.  Body  somewhat  robust  and  hunched  up, 
rounded  a  little  at  the  ends,  not  tapering  ;  segments  scarcely  annulate.  Translucent 
whitish  green,  dorsal  vessel  blackish  green.  Tubercles  rather  large,  elevated  but 
quite  transparent ;  iv  -|-  v.  Spiracles  all  colorless  ;  feet  colorless,  the  tips  of  thoracic 
ones  dark.     Setse  short. 

Foodplant :  Solanitm  radiila,  also  on  the  cultivated  S.  jasminifo- 
Ihitn,  to  which  it  w'as  more  injurious  than  to  the  wild  plant.  Webs  the 
leaves,  biting  them  off  and  resting  in  the  withered  foliage. 

Lineodes  triangulalis  Moschl. 

Larva.      Head  with  the  vertex  slightly  under  joint  2,  clypeus  high  ;   green,  red- 


March,  1901.]  DyAR  :     PyRALID    LaRV^    FROM    FLORIDA.  23 

dish  reticulate  over  the  apices  and  the  lobes,  mouth  brown  ;  ocelli,  a  spot  behind  and 
the  posterior  rim  of  the  lobes  black  ;  width  1. 1  mm.  Body  shaped  as  in  L.  integra  and 
colored  much  the  same,  but  the  tubercles,  and  especially  iii,  are  shaded  with  black, 
and  the  excretory  tubules  show  very  distinctly  white  as  long  finely  waved  lines  in  a 
recurved  loop  reaching  forward  from  joint  10  to  8  on  each  side.  Tubercles  slightly 
elevated,  iv  -|- ^-      Segments  shining,  obscurely  2-annulate. 

Food-plant :  Capsicion  fnitesccns  ;  the  habits  as  in  Z.  Integra. 

Thyridopyralis,  gen.  nov. 

Median  nervure  non-pectinate,  proboscis  absent,  veins  7  and  8  of  hind  wings 
strongly  anastomosing.  Palpi  porrect,  uniformly  scaled,  projecting  about  the  length 
of  the  head  in  front  ;  maxillary  palpi  distinct,  slender,  dilated  with  scales  at  the 
end.  Antenna;  short,  simple,  thickened  toward  base  and  scaled  above.  Legs  moderate, 
the  hind  tibiae  with  four  spurs.  Fore  wing  with  a  long  branch  from  the  basal  loop  of 
vein  I  ;  Ic  absent  ;  median  4-branched,  veins  2  to  4  equally  spaced,  5  very  close  to  4  ; 
cell  weakly  closed  ;  a  small  accessory  cell  ;  vein  6  from  the  middle  of  the  accessory 
cell  ;  7  and  8  stalked  from  the  end  of  the  accessory  cell,  9  absent  ;  10  from  the  end 
of  the  accessory  cell  ;  li  from  the  cell,  free  ;  12  from  base.  Hind  wings  with  two 
internal  veins,  Ic  absent,  scarcely  with  even  a  rudiment  toward  base  ;  median  vein  as 
on  fore  wings  ;  cell  closed,  the  upper  part  obliquely  retracted  ;  veins  6  and  7  stalked, 
the  upper  vein  of  the  cell  weak  ;  8  strong,  free  from  base,  broadly  anastomosing  with 
7  beyond  the  cell  ;  $  frenulum  a  long  spine. 

T.  gallaerandlalis,  sp.  nov. 

Head  ashen,  palpi,  front  and  basal  antennal  tuft  purple  brown  ;  thorax  purple 
brown,  tips  of  patagia  and  end  of  thorax  pale  sordid  ashen.  Al)dominal  segments 
broadly  ringed  with  black  at  base.  Fore  wing  whitish,  sordid  tinted  except  in  the 
disk  ;  a  large  subbasal  quadrate  purplish  black  patch  resting  on  the  costa  and  con- 
tinued not  quite  to  inner  margin,  joined  to  the*  narrow  dark  costal  edge  ;  a  rounded 
elliptical  patch  in  the  disk,  oblique,  lying  between  vein  I  and  the  subcostal  and 
centered  nearly  by  the  origin  of  vein  2,  reddish  purple,  relieved  by  a  patch  of  orange 
scales  toward  costa  and  toward  inner  margin  and  a  little  tuft  of  liaised  metallic  scales 
toward  base.  A  small  cluster  of  purple  scales  on  accessory  cell.  Subterminal  line 
finely  crenulate,  gently  incurved  on  the  lower  third,  linear,  purple  brown,  but  pre- 
ceded by  a  broad  purple  brown  shaded  band  which  is  pulverulent  and  obscure  on  the 
upper  half,  distinct  below,  diffuse  inwardly.  Three  purple  brown  patches  on  the 
margin,  the  costal  one  faint  and  powdery,  those  at  centre  of  margin  and  at  anal  angle 
distinct.  A  terminal  row  of  blackish  dots,  often  obsolete.  Fringe  pale,  interlined 
with  dark  opposite  the  dark  spots  and  black  tipped.  Hind  wing  sordid  white,  a 
terminal  shaded  black  band,  broad  at  apex  ;  sometimes  an  outer  wavy  diffuse  band. 
In  one  9  nearly  the  whole  wing  is  suffused  with  brown.      Expanse,  27  to  29  mm. 

Six  specimens.  Key  West,  Florida  (Iv  A.  Schwarz),  Pahn  Beach, 
Florida.      U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  type  no.  5418. 

Prof.  Fernald  examined  a  specimen  of  this  interesting  moth  and 
said;      "  Not  a  micro.;   I  do  not  know  where  it  should  be  placed." 


24  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

It  certainly  contradicts  the  characters  of  the  Pyralid?e,  where  it  would 
naturally  be  placed,  and  falls  in  the  Thyrididae  by  Hampson's  tables. 
There  is.  however,  no  Thyrid  with  such  a  highly  specialized  venation 
as  this  moth,  which,  therefore,  seems  an  offshoot  of  the  Pyralidae. 

The  larvae  are  gall  makers  in  the  old  stems  of  Randia  aciileata. 
The  gall  is  a  thick  swelling  in  the  hard  wood  about  twice  the  thick- 
ness of  the  normal  stem  ;  fusiform  with  normal  bark  and  no  visible 
opening.  There  is,  however,  a  tiny  apical  opening  from  which  the 
larva  ejects  the  frassand  at  once  closes  with  silk.  The  interior  of  the 
gall  is  a  tube  of  the  diameter  of  the  larva,  about  25  mm.  long,  moist, 
without  frass,  only  a  little  pulverized  pithy  wood  in  the  bottom.  The 
galls  occur  in  pairs,  adjoining.  At  maturing  the  larva  eats  a  hole 
large  enough  for  the  exit  of  the  moth  and  closes  it  with  web.  Pupa- 
tion within,  the  pupa  practically  filling  the  cavity.  Old  galls  remain 
on  the  tree  and  do  not  kill  the  branch. 

Head  very  full  and  rounded,  clypeus  not  reaching  above  the  middle  of  the  front, 
not  depressed  nor  elevated  ;  head  not  bilobed,  all  the  sutures  level  with  the  surface. 
Higher  than  wide  ;  antennae  moderate  ;  ocelli  small  ;  dark  brown,  the  sutures  paler ; 
width  about  1.5  mm.  Body  cylindrical,  nearly  uniform,  segments  somewhat  folded 
and  creased,  subventral  fold  distinct  but  not  prominent.  Uniformly  light  brown,  a 
little  darker  at  the  ends.  Tubercles  corneous,  shining  brown,  mostly  without  setae, 
though  there  are  a  few  near  the  head  and  subventrally.  Tubercles  small,  irregularly 
shaped  ;  iv  and  v  united,  vi  present,  vii  without  much  cornification.  On  thorax  iv  -f- 
v  normal,  ia  and  ib  approximate,  iia -)-  lib.  Spiracles  flesh  colored  with  dark  rims. 
Feet  normal,  short  ;  abdominal  ones  with  complete  circle  of  crochets  around  the  flat 
planta  and  small  central  dark  spot.  Skin  finely  granular,  rather  opaque.  Tubercles 
shining,  iv  and  v  somewhat  remote,  iv  the  higher,  but  both  on  a  common  shield. 
Actual  hair  tubercles  darker  than  the  tubercle  shields.  Leg  shields  scarcely  cornified. 
The  chin  gland  consists  of  two  large,  remote  papillae,  wider  apart  than  the  thoracic  feet. 

The  larvae  must  feed  mainly  upon  the  sap,  as  they  consume  hardly 
more  of  the  interior  of  the  gall  than  will  suffice  to  give  space  for  their 
bodies. 


AN   APPARENTLY   NEW  TORTRICID   FROM 
FLORIDA. 

By  Harrison  G.    Dyar. 

Lophoderus  amatana,  sp.  nov. 

Dark  cinnamon  brown,  the  thorax   tufted  with  purple  brown  posteriorly.      Fore 
wings  with  three  oblique  shaded  purplish  brown  bands,  the   first  covering  the  basal 


March,  1901.]  DVAR  :    LaRV^    OF    ArCTIA    INTERMEDIA.  25 

third  of  the  inner  margin,  reaching  only  half  way  to  costa  ;  median  band  crossing 
wing  from  basal  third  of  costa  to  outer  third  of  inner  margin,  even,  somewhat  diffused  ; 
■outer  band  forming  a  triangle  on  costa.  Terminal  space  silky  whitish,  mixed  with 
purplish,  broad  above,  arcuately  narrowed  below  ;  fringe  dark  above,  pale  at  anal 
angle.  Between  basal  and  middle  bands,  extending  half  way  across  wing,  a  light 
reddish  .space,  edged  or  partly  replaced  by  silky  whitish,  indented  above  its  center  by 
a  small,  dark  tooth  projecting  from  the  band  o!i  either  side  of  it. 

Hind  wing  light  reddish,  shaded  with  smoky  black  on  the  apical  fringe.  Ex- 
panse,  $    13  mm.,   9    18  to  19  mm. 

Three  specimens  l)red  from  Aiioiia  laiirifolia  and  Ah'ctaudraivilde- 
fwviana,  Palm  Beach,  Florida.      U.  S.  Nat.  Museimi,  type,  no.   5417. 

We  sent  a  specimen  to  Prof.  C.  H.  Fernald,  the  well-known  au- 
thority on  North  American  Tortricidce,  who  labelled  it  "  Loj)hoderus 
allied  to  and  perhaps  identical  with  the  variable  triferana  Walk." 
The  specimens,  however,  seem  so  constant  and  distinct  from  triferana 
that  we  venture  to  describe  it. 

The  larva  spins  up  the  leaves  with  a  series  of  transverse  walls  of 
web  with  a  round  hole  in  each  near  the  leaf  for  the  larva  to  pass 
through.  Slightly  shining,  green,  without  marks,  the  tubercles 
slightly  elevated,  normal,  concolorous. 


NOTE  ON  THE  LARVA  OF  ARCTIA  INTERMEDIA. 

Bv  Harrison  G.   Dvar. 

This  note  is  supplementary  to  the  remarks  on  page  89,  vol.  VIII, 
of  this  Journal. 

Larva.  Head  black,  epistoma  white,  a  broad  quadrate  pale  space  over  the 
median  suture  and  apex  of  clypeus  ;  width  3  mm.  Body  black,  shading  to  dull  gray 
subventrally  and  ventrally.  Feet  brownish  red.  A  faint,  narrow,  whitish,  dorsal 
line,  distinct  on  joints  2  to  4.  Warts  i  and  ii  black,  i  over  half  the  size  of  ii,  ii  with 
a  broad  shining  base  ;  iii  pale  yellow,  iv  orange  tinted,  v  and  vi  red-brown  ;  all  with 
black  hair  tubercles.  On  thorax  all  the  warts  pale  ;  cervical  shield  represented  by 
four  warts  in  two  rows.  Warts  of  joint  13  also  all  pale,  the  large  subdorsal  one  colored 
like  wart  iii.  Hair  bristly,  black  dorsally,  red-brown  on  joints  2  to  4  and  subventrally 
(warts  iv  to  vi)  on  joints  2  to  12.  Spiracles  pale  orange,  black  rimmed.  Both 
warts  i  and  ii,  especially  anteriorly  are  partly  pale  yellow  under  the  lens,  but  the  base 
of  ii  is  shining  blue-black.  Anal  flap  dark  with  small  pale  warts.  On  joints  3  and 
4  there  are  two  warts  above  the  stigmatal  wart,  ia  -j-  ib  the  larger  ;  iib  not  seen,  but 
iii  a  distinct,  though  small,  many-haired  wart. 


26  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        lvoI.  ix. 

The  larva  was  found  May  27  in  grass  at  Washington,  D.  C.  It 
was  nearly  full  grown  and  spun  in  June.  The  moth  emerged  Septem- 
ber nth,  the  same  season. 


NOTES    ON    THE    HABITS    OF    THECLA    DAMON 

By  E.   Daecke. 

Ascending  the  mountainous  elevation  ordinarily  called  the  Orange 
Mountains  a  little  distance  above  Montclair  about  the  first  part  of 
May,  we  find  quite  a  difi"erent  flora  from  that  of  the  valley.  Arriv- 
ing at  the  top  we  find  plateau-like  slretches  sparsely  covered  with 
cedar  bushes.  The  fresh  verdure  of  the  grass  is  here  and  there  inter- 
rupted by  large  patches  of  rose-colored  mountain  pink.  Columbine 
with  its  beautiful  bell-shaped  drooping  flowers  ornament  bare  rocks  and 
moss-covered  ledges.  Dense  patches  of  bluets  and  mountain  cress 
(Sisrm/>r/////i  and  Jral>is),  here  and  there  a  little  bunch  of  violets,  the 
little  creeping  potentilla  and  the  omnipresent  Lcoutodon  taraxacum 
scattered  throughout  the  soft  and  flowery  carpet  to  complete  the  pic- 
ture which  is  one  of  the  homes  and  haunts  of  Tliecla  damon. 

This  little  Thccla  is  one  of  the  best  judges  of  fine  scenery.  The 
red  cedar  which  is  the  food-plant  of  Thecla  damon  is  common  on 
many  places  in  the  Oranges,  but  Thecla  damoii  will  not  be  found 
wherever  cedar  abounds.  I  searched  the  Orange  Mountains  for  miles 
and  came  across  many  groves  of  cedar  but  found  Thecla  damon  only 
on  one  spot  and  I  dare  say  the  prettiest  and  most  picturesque  spot  of 
the  whole  mountain  range. 

When  I  took  this  insect  first  I  found  it  very  difficult  to  capture.  It 
would  skip  swiftly  from  flower  to  flower,  and  as  soon  as  it  found  itself 
persecuted  it  would  suddenly  drop  with  folded  wings  into  the  grass, 
the  green  underside  of  its  wings  being  a  perfect  protection  from 
being  discovered.  Another  time  I  visited  this  spot  in  search  of 
Thecla  damon.  I  failed  to  find  a  single  specimen.  It  was  the  right 
season,  a  beautiful  day  and  early  in  the  afternoon.  So  I  began  to  in- 
spect the  cedar  bushes  and  found  that  this  insect  was  hovering  quite  in 
abundance  about  the  cedar  tops,  but  out  of  reach  of  my  net.  In  order 
to  locate  them  I  knocked  against  the  cedar  trees  to  scare  them  up,  but 
only  secured  three  or  four  specimens  that  day.  Another  time  I 
came  better  prepared.      I  had  a  4  feet  extension  to  my  net,  but  there 


March,  I90I.]      HaRRIS  :     CiCINDELID/E    OI''  Mt.    DeSERT,    MaINE.  21 

was  no  need  for  it  that  day,  as  they  were  skipping  about  quite  low, 
partly  on  cedar,  partly  on  potentilla  and  mountain  cress.  Another 
time  I  went  there  and  found  this  little  T]iecla  at  his  old  tricks,  eluding 
my  net  by  dropping  into  the  grass. 

This  habit,  however,  seems  to  be  common  with  various  Thecla.  I 
noticed  it  especially  on  Thecla  nip/ion,  tifits,  inis  and  augiistits  all  of 
which  I  took  specimens  on  the  same  place.  The  only  difference 
being  that  the  latter  Thecla,  having  brownish  undersides,  would 
select  bare  ground,  rocks  or  dry  twigs  to  drop  thereon,  and  if  not  very 
carefully  watched  their  whereabouts  would  be  quite  problematic  to  the 
pursuer. 


CICINDELID^   OF   MT.   DESERT,   MAINE. 

By  Edw.   Doubleday  Harris. 

A  persistent  search  for  Cicindelidse  in  the  Island  of  Mt.  Desert,  on 
the  coast  of  Maine,  was  undertaken  by  the  writer  in  August  (8-28)  of 
the  past  season.  The  field  covered  was  that  portion  of  the  island  south 
of  a  line  drawn  from  Newport  Mt.  on  the  east  coast  to  Seal  Cove  on 
the  west.  But  four  species  were  found,  loiigihibris,  purpurea  limbalis 
Klug,  vulgaris,  and  a  variety  of  repanda.  The  ground  is  not  favorable 
for  the  preservation  of  the  genus.  Sea  beaches  are  infrequent  and  con- 
tracted, and  generally  of  a  pebbly  material,  the  coast  being  almost 
universally  rocky,  and  often  of  precipitous  cliffs.  There  are  but  few 
sand  deposits  in  this  part  of  the  island,  and  the  banks  of  the  streams 
and  ponds  are  heavily  wooded. 

Longilabris  occurs  nowhere  plentifully,  distributed  along  the  roads, 
generally  through  woods,  but  where  there  is  an  abundance  of  sunlight. 
In  a  day's  outing,  it  was  possible  to  take  from  five  to  eight  specimens. 
Out  of  fifty,  taken  during  the  period,  there  was  but  little  departure 
from  the  type,  either  in  color  or  markings.  Perhaps  ten  per  ct.  were 
of  a  slightly  brownish  hue  ;  three  or  four  specimens  had  abnormally 
large  humeral  and  apical  spots,  and  in  as  many  all  markings  were  some- 
Avhat  obscure.  The  species,  as  here  observed,  has  a  higher  and  longer 
flight  than  is  usual  with  the  genus,  a  distance  of  fifty  to  seventy  feet 
being  not  uncommon.  Its  large  size  and  dark  color  render  pursuit 
easy.  It  is  not  wary,  and  once  located  on  the  ground  can  be  readily 
taken  with  the  net. 


28  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Purpurea  var.  limbalis  Klug,  was  the  common  species.  It  occurred 
on  sunny  roads,  often  in  considerable  numbers.  A  field  near  Bass 
Harbor,  on  both  sides  of  the  road,  sparsely  covered  with  grass,  was 
over-run  with  them.  The  markings  were  (juite  constant  and  close  to 
type,  but  the  color  varied  considerably,  with  decided  inclination  to- 
wards the  duller  green  tones  ;  specimens  of  the  brilliant  reddish  hue, 
so  common  in  the  West,  were  absent.      Purpurea  itself  was  not  seen. 

The  repauda  variety  was  interesting.  It  was  quite  sparsely  dis- 
tributed over  the  open  roads,  occurring  generally  with  limbalis.  In 
one  single  locality,  a  bit  of  hard,  bare  ground  at  the  edge  of  a  small 
pond  in  the  woods,  it  was  taken  repeatedly,  and  in  some  abundance. 
In  size,  color  and  markings  it  resembles  the  var.  iluotleci/ni;uflata,  ex- 
cept that  the  middle  band  is  somewhat  more  plainly  marked.  Save 
for  its  slightly  larger  size  and  darker  tone  of  color  it  is  hardly  distin- 
guishable from  specimens  taken  by  the  writer  on  similar  ground  at 
Mt.  Savage  in  western  Maryland,  in  June,  or  from  specimens  in  his 
cabinet  from  California,  designated  "  ore^i^vua.'"  Some  fifty  individ- 
uals of  the  variety  in  question  were  secured  at  Mt.  Desert,  and  in  all 
the  same  characteristics  prevailed.  Repaiula,  for  some  unaccountable 
reason,  was  not  encountered,  except  in  one  single  instance. 

Vulgaris  was  very  abundant  in  a  single  sandy  spot  in  the  woods. 
Many  of  the  specimens  were  noticeable  for  the  attenuated  and  pro- 
longed humeral  lunule,  approaching  var.  obliquata. 

Special  search  was  made  in  the  hope  of  taking  sexguttata,  ancocis- 
conensis  and  hcntzii.  The  summits  of  several  high  hills,  and  that  of 
Pemetic  Mt. ,  where  large  exposed  surfaces  of  granitic  rock  are  fre- 
quent, were  searched  for  the  two  last,  but  fruitlessly.  The  genus,  so 
far  as  observed,  seemed  altogether  absent  from  the  higher  localities,  as 
well  as  from  the  sea  coast.  Shady  wood  paths,  where  sexguilata  and 
its  varieties  love  to  dwell,  yielded  nothing  though  carefully  searched. 
Even  ubiquitous /////(•/// /(i'A/  was  altogether  absent. 


March,  igoi.]  SmITH  :     On    SoME    DlGGER    BeES.  29 

NOTES    ON    SOME    DIGGER    BEES.— I. 

By  John  B.   Smith,  Sc. D. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  collecting  regions  that  I  have  ever 
found  is  in  the  New  Jersey  Pines.  At  first  sight  there  is  nothing  very 
attractive  about  them — mostly  sand,  covered  by  oak  scrub  or  briars, 
fields  or  opens  of  Indian  grass,  stunted  pines,  then  a  swamp  more  or 
less  cedar  covered,  from  which  runs  a  little  stream  through  a  lowland 
which  is  very  apt  to  be  in  cranberries.  The  impression  gained  from 
the  car  windows  riding  to  Atlantic  City,  Cape  May  or  other  shore  re- 
sorts, from  New  York  or  Philadelphia,  is  of  dreary  desolation,  intense 
heat  in  summer,  flocks  of  mosquitoes  and  general  hopelessness.  Yet 
this  impression  is  utterly  erroneous.  There  is  more  difference  in  level 
than  first  appears  and,  while  there  are  no  high  hills,  there  is  fall  enough 
for  rapid  streams  affording  water  power  for  numerous  mills — many  of 
them  now  dropping  to  pieces  and  disused.  There  are  really  many 
very  pretty  bits  of  quiet  landscape  and  here  and  there  a  large  pond 
courteously  dubbed  a  "  lake  "  affords  fishing  and  even  rowing.  Lake- 
wood  and  Browns  Mills  are  Pine  resorts  not  unknown  to  the  fashionable 
world,  but  they  are  by  no  means  the  best  points  in  the  region.  To 
the  naturalist  this  area  is  of  never-failing  interest.  The  flora  which 
at  first  seems  so  uniform  is  really  very  rich  and  varied  ;  while  as  to 
insects  the  records  in  my  Catalogue  of  the  species  found  in  New  Jersey 
will  indicate  something  of  the  faunal  wealth. 

Years  ago  I  became  acquainted  with  Mr.  J.  Turner  Brakeley,  of 
Bordentown,  N.  J.,  who  spends  each  season,  a  large  portion  of  his 
time  in  the  pines,  in  Ocean  County.  There  are  cranberry  bogs  there 
and  in  the  course  of  my  studies  on  the  insects  injuring  this  crop  I  spent 
some  time  at  Lahaway,  as  Mr.  Brakeley's  place  is  called.  This  is  well 
in  the  pines,  several  miles  from  any  railroad,  and  two  miles  or  more 
from  the  nearest  group  of  houses  dignified  by  the  name  of  village — 
Prospertown,  in  which  nobody  prospers. 

Mr.  Brakeley  knows  the  pines  and  their  inhabitants  ;  knows  much 
of  botany  and  something  of  entomology  ;  but  better  than  all,  he  has 
the  faculty  of  close  observation.  Almost  every  year  for  a  long  time 
past  I  have  managed  to  spend  a  few  days  with  him,  alone  with  nature 
— he  keeps  bachelor's  hall — and  on  our  tramps  we  frecjuently  discussed 


30  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Vo,.  ix, 

the  numerous  indications  of  underground  life.  This  particular  locality 
is  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  burrowing  insects  and 
every  road,  every  opening  in  the  woods  and  almost  every  sand  field 
showed  little  heaps  of  sand ;  here,  there  and  everywhere.  There  is 
first  of  all  from  six  to  eighteen  inches  of  light  drift  sand,  dry  as  can 
be  in  summer  and  light  enough  to  blow  away  on  the  surface  ;  but 
moist  a  few  inches  down  and  very  compact.  Below  this  comes  an 
admixture  of  fine  clay,  often  colored  by  iron  to  a  rusty  red,  and  below 
this  there  is  usually  a  layer  of  gravel  or  sand  or  both.  Strata  follow 
each  other  in  this  way  eight  feet  down  and  more,  on  the  level,  none 
of  them  more  than  a  foot  or  two  thick  and  all  easy  digging  except  in 
the  gravel  which  is  sometimes  very  hard  and  mixed  with  iron  stone. 
Bees,  wasps,  spiders  and  ants  we  saw  disappearing  into  holes  in  the 
ground  and  there  ended  our  knowledge  of  them.  Of  course  I  wished 
to  know  more  and  talked  learnedly  of  what  little  the  books  said  on 
the  subject.  Mr.  Brakeley  listened  patiently  and  finally  proposed  to 
get  plaster  casts  of  the  burrows  as  the  easiest  way  of  finding  out  the 
truth.  When  I  proved  skeptical  as  to  the  feasibility  of  the  i)lan  he 
tried  it  quietly  after  I  left  and  succeeded.  He  is,  therefore,  entitled 
to  full  credit  for  the  method  by  which  the  information,  here  given, 
was  obtained.  After  many  trials  he  found  that  a  good  quality  ot 
plaster  was  essential  to  the  best  results,  and  I  obtained  dental  plaster 
for  the  purpose.  This  was  mixed  measure  for  measure  with  water, 
i.  e.,  one  ounce  measure  of  plaster  was  dumped  into  one  ounce  measure 
of  water,  the  mixture  was  rapidly  stirred  and  poured  while  perfectly 
liquid  into  the  surface  opening  of  the  burrow  to  be  investigated.  The 
water  drained  rapidly  into  the  moist  soil  and  the  cast  set  rapidly,  some 
holes  taking  as  much  as  eight  ounces  of  liquid  plaster.  This  was  com- 
paratively easy ;  the  wearisome  task  was  digging  out  these  casts  which 
went  down  way  beyond  the  limits  I  had  supposed  possible.  The  first 
work  was  done  on  burrows  made  by  spiders,  which  were  large  and 
easily  filled  ;  but  in  1898  almost  the  entire  summer  was  put  into  work 
with  bees. 

Colletes  com  pacta  Cress. 

The  determination  of  this  species,  which  is  one  of  the  earliest  of 
its  tribe,  I  owe  to  Mr.  Wm.  J.  Fox.  It  is  on  the  wing  early  in  March 
and  its  burrows  were  first  noted  by  Mr.  Brakeley  on  March  12th.  At 
that  time  groups  of  from  10  to  20  little  mounds  of  yellow  sand  were 


March,  igoi.l  SmITH  :      On    SoME    DiGGER    BeES.  31 

noticed,  indicating  a  depth  of  from  six  to  twelve  inches.  From  ap- 
pearance some  of  these  mounds  had  been  there  from  2  to  4  days. 
They  were  about  i^  inches  in  diameter  and  half  an  inch  high,  with  a 
central  opening  less  than  one  (juarterof  an  inch  in  diameter.  On  the 
13th  over  200  were  seen  on  the  same  area  and  on  March  15  th  the 
ground  was  dotted  with  mounds  everywhere  in  groups  of  from  5  to  1 5 
or  more.  On  this  date  one  of  the  burrows  was  followed  down  to  18 
inches  without  finding  the  end  and  several  of  the  bees  were  taken 
making  determination  possible.  Plaster  casting  was  now  begun  and 
the  casts  obtained  ran  from  10  to  17  inches  in  length,  a  little  twisted 
or  bent  near  the  surface,  then  dropping  down  almost  vertically. 
Some  burrows,  however,  were  absolutely  vertical  from  the  top  to 
the  bottom. 

March  17th,  at  a  distance  of  20  inches  from  the  surface,  one  cast 
showed  a  lateral,  set  off  at  an  obtuse  angle  downward  from  the  main 
gallery. 

March  20th  a  parchment-like  cell  was  found  at  the  end  of  a  lateral. 
This  cell  was  about  three-fifths  of  an  inch  in  length,  less  than  one 
quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  a  trifle  dilated  centrally,  though  this 
may  have  been  due  to  removal  from  soil,  was  rounded  at  the  outer  or 
lower  closed  end  and  squarely  truncate  at  the  upper  or  open  end.  In 
texture  it  was  close  and  very  thin,  transparent,  not  very  tough,  yet 
scarcely  to  be  called  brittle.  It  was  evidently  not  intended  to  be  re- 
sistant, but  to  keep  clean  the  pasty  mass  with  which  it  was  to  be  filled. 

March  27th  to  31st,  bees  were  engaged  in  filling  these  food  sacs 
and  on  April  ist  the  first  completed  brood  cell  with  egg  in  place  and 
finally  sealed  was  found.  Of  the  casts  secured  up  to  this  time  the 
longest  was  27  inches,  the  range  for  the  beginning  of  the  lateral  being 
from  20  to  27  inches.  The  laterals  themselves  varied  from  2  to  4 
inches,  an  extreme  of  6  inches  being  observed  in  rare  instances.  Cells 
not  sealed  were  filled  with  plaster  when  cast,  the  membraneous  cover- 
ing forming  a  shining  surface  at  the  end.  When  sealed  the  closed 
cell  hung  loosely  to  the  end  of  the  cast. 

The  food  stored  in  the  brood  cells  is  a  pasty  mixture  of  honey  and 
pollen,  but  where  the  insects  secured  the  material  at  that  season  was 
not  ascertained.  The  cell  is  less  than  half  filled  with  food  and  the 
egg,  which  is  quite  large  and  crescent-shaped,  is  attached  at  one  side 
by  one  end  and  so  curved  that  the  opposite  tip  rests  on  the  surface  of 
the  food  mass.      The  entire  insect  is  less  than  11  mm.  in  length,  of 


o2  Journal  New  Yokk  En'icmoi.cgical  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

which   the    female   abdomen   is   rather   more  than   5   mm.      The  egg 
slightly  exceeds  3  mm.  in  length. 

The  interval  from  the  beginning  of  the  burrow  to  the  time  when 
the  first  egg  is  laid  seems,  therefore,  to  be  from  18  to  20  days,  of 
which  5  were  rainy.  Three  of  the  5  bad  days  came  while  the  insects 
were  storing  food  and  probably  delayed  the  completion  of  the  work. 
When  the  cell  is  filled  and  an  egg  is  laid  the  upper  end  is  closed  by  a 
flat  disc  of  the  same  parchment-like  material  as  that  constituting  the 
rest  of  the  cell  and  set  in  a  little  inside  the  ragged  upper  edge.  When 
completed  one  of  these  cells  is  not  unlike  in  appearance  to  a  short  32 
cartridge,  and  Mr.  Brakeley  and  myself  fell  into  the  habit  of  referring 
to  them  as  "cartridges"  loaded  or  empty,  as  they  were  or  were  not 
filled  with  food.  I'he  material  of  which  the  pouch  is  composed  is 
probably  altogether  salivary.  There  is  no  fibrous  structure  apparent 
and  no  mixture  of  extraneous  materials.  In  casting  these  burrows  the 
plaster  ran  to  the  disc  closing  the  cell,  adhered  to  it  and  to  the  slightly 
projecting  rim,  so  vve  obtained  the  perfect  cell  whenever  there  was  one 
in  place. 

The  early  days  of  April  were  unpleasant,  rain  and  snow  closing 
out  insect  work  and  leveling  the  surface  so  that  the  location  of  bur- 
rows was  not  readily  visible.  However,  on  the  7th,  two  casts  made 
showed  one  loaded  and  one  empty  cartridge. 

Field  work  was  discontinued  until  April  2 2d  and  now  for  the  first 
time  we  ran  against  a  burrow  that  seemed  to  have  been  filled  up.  It 
was  assumed  that  this  was  due  to  accident,  and  no  further  examination 
was  made.  It  became  probable,  in  the  light  of  later  developments, 
that  this  was  really  a  completed  burrow  in  which  the  bee  had  made 
all  the  brood  cells  that  were  considered  desirable  and  which  had  then 
filled  up  normally  to  the  top. 

April  23(1,  a  number  of  holes  were  filled  with  plaster  in  a  locality 
marked  in  March,  and  these  required  an  unexpectedly  small  amount 
of  plaster.  When  the  casts  were  dug  out  they  were  unusually  short, 
and  some  of  them  had  a  heel  of  variable  length  below  the  lateral,  as 
if  the  bee  had  decided  to  continue  its  perpendicular.  This  was  what 
we  expected  would  happen  from  published  accounts,  hence  it  attracted 
no  special  attention.  Continuing  to  dig,  however,  a  second,  loaded 
cartridge,  was  found  below,  though  not  in  line  with  the  first,  and  the 
burrow  leading  to  it  had  become  filled  with  sand,  which,  from  its 
color,  had  evidently  been  derived  from  an  u|)per  level.      This  led  to 


March,  igoi.]  SmITH:     On    SoME    DiGGER    BeES.  33 

further  investigations,  and  from  a  large  number  of  casts  and  excava- 
tions it  was  found,  by  April  30th,  that  the  burrows  made  in  March  and 
early  April  were  gradually  filling  up,  and  that  the  heel  of  the  cast  be- 
low a  lateral,  indicated  the  existence  of  a  loaded  cell  or  cells  at  lower 
levels.  A  reexamination  of  the  casts  showed  a  heel  present  as  early 
as  April  4th.  As  it  happened,  a  cast  had  been  made  on  that  day  which 
for  some  reason  was  not  at  once  taken  up.  Dug  out  on  the  24th,  a 
heel  was  found  and  below  it  a  loaded  cell. 

April  23d,  one  cell  was  found  in  which  the  larva  had  apparently 
just  hatched,  but  no  others  of  this  character  were  discovered — all  were 
yet  in  the  egg  stage.  This  larva  retained  the  position  of  the  egg  for 
a  long  time,  the  mouth  parts  just  touching  the  surface  of  the  food 
mass.  Many  of  these  cells  taken  up  in  the  last  days  of  April  were 
undoubtedly  placed  in  the  earliest  burrows,  hence  the  egg  stage  is  an 
unusually  long  one. 

By  May  ist  Mr.  Brakeley  felt  himself  justified  in  writing  as  fol- 
lows :  "But  several  facts  I  have  absolutely  settled.  She  digs  a  very 
crooked  tube,  depending  on  the  soil  status ;  but  generally  starts  in  on 
a  crook.  She  first  burrows  to  the  full  depth  to  which  she  is  going, 
begins  to  pouch  at  the  bottom  and  the  first  egg  is  laid  at  the  bottom. 
Then  she  goes  upward  to  start  the  second  pouch.  *  *  *  Varies  from 
three  to  five  pouches  and  then  starts  again  in  a  new  place."  Except 
that  we  never  found  more  than  four  pouches  connected  with  any  one 
burrow,  all  these  conclusions  were  verified  by  later  experience.  Of 
the  cartridges  secured  at  this  time  a  number  were  placed  in  vials  in 
the  hope  of  securing  larvae  and  later  stages  ;  but  in  no  case  did  I  suc- 
ceed in  getting  any  beyond  the  larval  stage. 

May  1 3- 1 6th  I  spent  at  Lahaway  and,  although  I  dug  out  quite  a 
number  of  cartridges,  all  loaded,  I  found  none  in  which  the  larvae  had 
hatched.  Nor  did  I  find  any  new  diggings  at  this  time  ;  the  Colletes 
period  was  evidently  over  for  that  year,  the  females  had  done  their 
work  and  the  brood  for  the  next  year  was  provided  for. 

Mr.  Brakeley's  observations  as  to  the  rate  of  digging  is  that  they  go 
down  about  5  inches  a  day.  This  is  easily  ascertainable  because  of 
the  stratification  of  the  sand  and  clay  previously  noted.  The  charac- 
ter of  the  fresh  soil  at  the  surface  from  each  burrow,  tells  almost 
exactly  how  far  down  the  specimen  is,  when  once  one  is  familiar  with 
the  sequence  of  the  layers. 

June  4th  and  5th  were  again  spent  at  Lahaway,  and  on  this  date  no 


34  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

adult  bees  were  observed.  They  were  not  found  about  flowers,  in  the 
woods,  on  the  sand  fields  or  in  the  burrows.  They  seemed  to  have 
disappeared  comjjletely  and  places  where  they  were  abundant  in  March 
and  April  showed,  as  the  only  signs  of  their  former  presence,  nothing 
but  discolored  patches  showing  where  a  mound  had  been  located;  the 
discoloration  being  due  to  the  clay  that  had  been  brought  up  from 
lower  levels  by  the  bees. 

On  this  point  I  may  say  that  in  my  collection  I  have  specimens 
dated  June  ist,  taken  at  Lahaway  in  previous  years,  and  it  may  be  that 
in  some  seasons  they  fly  later  than  others.  x\ll  these  late  examples 
are  males.  Of  the  specimens  sent  me  by  Mr.  Brakeley  in  1898,  more 
than  half  were  males  and  all  were  taken  late  in  March  or  early  April 
going  into  or  coming  out  of  a  burrow.  It  seems,  therefore,  as  if  the 
males  sought  out  the  females  in  their  own  homes  and  the  females  may 
begin  to  dig  even  before  they  have  been  impregnated.  It  seems 
probable  too  that  the  males  may  live  for  some  time,  after  no  more 
females  are  to  be  found.  But  on  this  point  it  needs  continuous  obser- 
vation and  collection  from  the  first  appearance  of  the  species  until 
no  more  examples  are  to  be  seen. 

Starting  from  a  group  of  the  discolored  patches  already  mentioned, 
and  digging  a  trench  two  feet  deep  as  a  starting  point  the  old  burrow 
may  be  traced  down  by  the  difference  in  color  of  the  sand;  so  that 
first  the  laterals  and  afterward  the  cartridges  could  be  found.  In  no 
case  did  I  find  more  than  three  cartridges  in  connection  with  a  single 
tube  :  usually  there  are  only  two  and  not  infrequently  a  single  one 
only  was  found.  As  to  direction  from  the  vertical  burrow,  the  insect 
rarely  places  one  cell  directly  above  another.  In  one  cast  that  I  dug 
out  a  cartridge  was  found  nearly  six  inches  from  the  main  tube  in  one 
direction  and  a  second  was  found  almost  as  far  away  from  the  tube  in 
the  other.  That  is,  there  was  a  distance  of  fully  ten  inches  between 
the  two  cells,  and,  in  this  case,  not  much  difference  in  level. 

From  the  diggings  now  made,  in  one  case  reaching  28  inches,  and 
from  the  casts  already  in  hand  the  habit  of  the  species  could  be  clearly 
made  out.  Perhaps  it  may  be  as  well  to  say  that  digging  for  loaded 
bee  cartridges  even  where  they  should  be  abundant  is  not  so  easy  a 
task.  As  the  net  result  of  three  hours'  digging  on  one  day  Mr. 
Brakeley  secured  only  one  filled  cell!  Of  course  on  other  days  he  did 
better,  but  there  are  a  number  of  probable  seekers  after  this  honey 
store  so  that,  the  later  in  the  season  it  gets,  the  fewer  loaded  cells  can 


March,  I90I.]  SmITH  :    On    SdMF.    DiGGEK    BeES.  85 

be  found.  In  one  case  a  lot  of  red  ants  were  found  robbing  the  store 
and  where  ants  are  as  plentiful  as  they  are  at  Lahaway,  no  doubt  they 
are  responsible  for  the  disappearance  of  many  bee  cells. 

It  seems  certain  that  Collates  coinpacta  digs  down  from  the  first  to 
the  extreme  depth  of  the  burrow  ;  it  runs  off  then,  to  one  side,  from 
two  to  four  or  rarely  six  inches,  makes  and  fills  a  cell  and  lays  an  egg 
in  it.  Two  or  three  inches  higher  another  lateral  is  started,  running 
in  a  different  direction,  and  the  sand  taken  from  this  lateral  is  dropped 
into  the  main  tube  whence  it  washes  into  the  first  lateral  so  that  when 
the  second  is  completed,  the  first  is  pretty  well  filled  up.  The  second 
lateral  is  filled  with  material  from  the  third  if  a  third  is  run  and,  finally, 
the  entire  tube  is  filled  ;  whether  gradually  by  a  sifting  in  of  sand 
from  the  top,  or  intentionally  by  the  insect,  I  cannot  say.  It  is  cer- 
tain, at  all  events,  that  the  burrows  do  not  remain  open  and  that  the 
young  bees  that  hatch  two  feet  more  or  less  below  the  surface,  must 
dig  up  through  the  soil  to  that  point.  Whether  they  follow  the  line 
of  the  parent  burrow  in  doing  this,  or  whether  they  work  out  on  lines 
of  their  own,  is  not  yet  known.  One  finds  in  digging  about  after  the 
new  cartridges,  old  ones  that  are  filled  with  sand  and  black  with  decay. 
Evidently  its  old  larval  home  serves  the  new  bee  by  providing  a  first 
space  to  store  the  sand  removed  in  getting  out.  Unless  the  mother 
bee  lays  not  over  three  eggs,  she  must  make  two  or  more  diggings. 

July  ist,  spent  part  of  the  morning  in  digging  for  more  cartridges 
and  as  the  net  result  found  four  in  which  were  larv?e  so  far  developed 
that  they  came  near  to  filling  the  entire  cell.  Nearly  all  the  food 
store  had  been  devoured  and  growth  must  have  been  nearly  completed. 
Expecting  to  secure  other  examples  these  larvae  were  put  into  alcohol, 
but  no  other  specimens  were  found  in  spite  of  all  digging.  Nor  could 
I  secure  any  others  later  in  the  season.  The  date  of  pupation  is  thus 
left  undetermined,  and  it  is  also  uncertain  whether  or  not  the  insects 
reach  the  adult  stage  in  the  fall  and  winter  in  the  ground,  or  whether 
they  winter  as  pupae  and  change  to  adults  very  early  in  spring.  I 
would  be  inclined  to  believe  that  the  change  takes  place  in  fall,  be- 
cause so  early  as  these  insects  appear,  the  soil  does  not  feel  spring 
warmth  sufficient  to  induce  much  active  cell  development,  while  it  is 
probably  enough  to  induce  an  already  mature  individual  to  start  for 
the  surface. 

To  recapitulate  :  Colletes  cotnpacta  makes  its  appearance — both 
sexes — prior  to  March  12th  and  the  females  begin  at  once  to  dig  bur- 


36  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

rows  which  extend  from  1 8  to  28  inches  down.  Males  may  be  taken 
about  these  burrows,  as  well  as  females.  Late  in  March  cells  are 
formed  and  stored  with  pollen  and  honey  in  the  form  of  a  pasty  mix- 
ture filling  less  than  half  the  cell.  Eggs  may  be  first  noted  at  the  be- 
ginning of  April  and  none  hatch  before  the  end  of  that  month — the 
majority  not  until  the  middle  of  May  or  later.  At  least  a  month  may 
be  counted  for  this  stage.  Larvae  are  nearly  full  grown  July  ist  and 
probably  ready  to  pupate  by  the  middle  of  that  month  ;  which  gives 
a  growing  period  of  from  six  to  eight  weeks.  Beyond  this  all  positive 
knowledge  ends.  Adult  males  have  been  taken  up  to  June  ist ;  females 
have  not  been  observed  after  the  beginning  of  May.  The  bee  begins 
making  cells  from  the  bottom  of  the  burrow  and  works  up,  never  mak- 
ing more  than  four  and  rarely  more  than  two  cell -bearing  laterals  from 
one  upright.  How  many  such  burrows  an  individual  female  may  make, 
is  yet  indetermined;  certainly  more  than  one  unless  most  of  the  eggs 
in  the  ovaries  were  intended  to  remain  undeveloped. 

On  this  point  I  examined  a  number  of  examples  that  came  in  early 
in  the  season  ;  I  found  only  a  small  number  of  ova  indicated  ;  but 
there  are  four  ovarian  tubes  on  each  side,  with  at  least  two  developing 
eggs  in  each  tube.  There  is  a  third  egg  cell  in  each  tube,  but  at  the 
slow  rate  in  which  these  individual  eggs  can  be  placed  it  is  not  likely 
that  more  than  sixteen,  perhaps  not  more  than  eight  ova  ever  come  to 
maturity.  From  the  specimens  examined  it  appears  as  if  a  single  egg 
only  developed  at  one  time  ;  at  any  rate  it  is  certain  that  there  always 
was  only  one  large  egg  in  one  of  the  tubes,  while  all  the  rest  were 
very  much  smaller.  It  is  probable  that  the  scattering  of  brood  cells 
is  a  measure  of  protection  as  is  also  the  filling  up  of  the  burrows.  The 
honey  paste  must  be  tempting  to  many  insects,  especially  ants,  and 
if  six  or  eight  or  more  cells  were  grouped  around  each  burrow,  the  dis- 
covery of  one  series  by  an  ant  hill  would  mean  the  rifling  of  every 
cell  in  it  and  the  consequent  destruction  of  the  entire  progeny  of  a 
single  bee  at  one  time.  So  the  filling  up  of  the  burrow  makes  the 
discovery  of  the  cells  more  difficult,  the  one  first  planted  being  pro- 
tected by  the  time  the  lateral  for  the  second  is  completed. 

In  the  course  of  the  observations  on  Colletes  which  began  earlier 
than  any  other  form  was  seen  to  be  on  the  wing,  a  few  other  species 
were  noted  incidentally  and  a  few  plaster  casts  of  their  borings  were 
made.  None  were  followed  out  as  was  the  Colietes,  but  as  the  results 
are  additions,  though  small,  to  positive  knowledge,  it  is  deemed  not 
unnecessary  to  record  them  here. 


March,  igoi.]  SmITH  :     On    SoME    DiGGER     BeES.  37 

Andrena  vicina  S/nifh. 

Specimens  of  this  species  were  collected  about  flowers  early  in 
May  and  examples  came  to  hand  from  time  to  time  during  that  month. 
May  28th  the  insects  were  noticed  at  work  and  plaster  casts  were  made 
on  that  and  next  day,  May  29th.  In  the  first  cast  there  was  only  a 
perpendicular  less  than  a  foot  in  length,  without  lateral,  indicating 
that  the  specimen  had  but  recently  begun  digging  operations.  In  the 
second  there  was  an  empty  cell  14  inches  below  the  surface  and  no 
filled  cartridge  could  be  found  lower  down.  It  was  evidently  the  first 
lateral  from  the  burrow.  Another  cast  was  deeper  and  very  crooked, 
but  was  no  further  advanced.  Here  also  there  was  no  appearance  of 
a  loaded  cartridge  below  the  lateral. 

May  31st  received  five  specimens  of  bees,  all  females,  taken  two 
days  before.  The  ovaries  were  examined  in  each  case  and  were  found 
to  be  undeveloped.  They  were  yet  covered  or  encased  in  one  com- 
mon sheath  and  none  of  the  tubes  showed  either  developing  or  miss- 
ing ova. 

June  4th  a  number  of  burrows  made  by  this  species  were  cast. 
They  proved  to  be  very  much  like  CoUetes  in  type,  but  somewhat 
larger  in  diameter  and  decidedly  more  twisted.  They  go  down  a 
little  deeper,  also,  on  the  average.  A.  vicina  is  really  a  much  larger 
and  more  bulky  insect  than  C.  compacta,  yet  the  diameter  of  the  bur- 
row is  very  little  greater. 

The  cell-making  habit  seems  to  be  like  that  of  coinpacta ;  there  is 
the  same  membraneous  pouch,  filled  with  the  same  honey  paste,  less 
than  half  full,  with  the  same  sort  of  egg.  What  was  not  noted  was 
whether  there  were  more  cells  than  one  from  a  single  main  burrow. 
This  species  made  its  burrows  on  higher  ground,  more  among  trees 
where  the  soil  is  filled  with  roots.  This  makes  their  borings  more 
irregular  and  adds  to  the  difficulty  of  digging  them  out. 

I  have  the  species  from  Newark,  Jamesburg  and  somewhere  in 
Burlington  County,  dated  May  and  June.  The  Newark  locality  is  in- 
definite, the  specimen  was  given  me  and  I  have  no  information  as  to 
the  kind  of  locality  inhabited  there.  The  other  specimens  were  taken 
by  myself  in  locations  generally  similar  to  that  at  Lahaway. 

Andrena  viola  Robt. 

This  is  a  small  species  resembling  C.  conipacta  and  at  first  mis- 
taken for  it.      It  was  first  seen  coming  out  of  a  hole  May  28th  and 


38  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.          [voi.  ix. 

captured.  Plaster  cast  made  of  the  burrow  showed  a  perpendicular 
drop  of  over  15  inches  without  indication  of  any  lateral.  Another, 
similar  burrow,  was  cast  on  the  same  day  and  the  bee  inclosed  in  the 
plaster.  This  was  shorter  than  the  other,  but  had  a  lateral  in  which 
was  a  filled  honey  pouch,  and  a  heel  which  indicated  a  cartridge  be- 
low. The  cartridge  was  accordingly  sought  for  and  found.  The  con- 
clusion is  a  fair  one  that  the  bee  first  caught  was  not  digging  its  first 
burrow.  If  my  belief  that  most  of  these  bees  change  to  adults  in  fall 
is  correct,  there  should  not  be  much  difference  in  the  date  at  which 
they  issue  and  begin  to  dig. 

This  species  was  determined  for  me  by  Mr.  Ashmead  and  I  have 
specimens  from  various  parts  of  the  State  taken  May  and  June,  most 
of  them  on  the  latter  month  pollen-loaded.  Unfortunately  the  day  of 
the  month  is  not  indicated,  hence  cannot  say  how  late  in  June  the 
species  flies. 

Andrena  bicolor  Fabr. 

This  is  nearer  to  vicina  in  size  but  readily  distinguishable  by  the 
rusty  thoracic  vestiture  which  made  it  easy  to  recognize  the  bee  in  the 
cast.  The  bee  was  first  seen  June  7th,  entering  a  hole  larger  than  usual, 
and  3  5^  ounces  of  liquid  plaster  were  required  to  fill  it.  It  was 
nearly  perpendicular  for  23  inches,  then  began  to  twist  irregularly, 
without  ai:>parent  need,  until  it  measured  381^  inches  in  length  at  30 
inches  from  the  surface.  There  was  a  cell  of  the  usual  composition 
at  the  end,  loaded  with  the  honey  and  pollen  paste.  The  lateral  at 
the  bottom  was  not  so  evident,  the  tube  twisting  so  irregularly  that  it 
seemed  like  a  mere  continuation  of  the  twist.  That  this  is  not  a  rule 
was  shown  by  a  second  cast  made  the  same  day,  of  the  same  species. 
Here  there  was  an  almost  straight  drop  of  32  inches  then  a  marked  six- 
inch  lateral  to  the  honey  pouch. 

June  8th,  a  cast  was  taken  out  which  dropped  down  forty  inches  be- 
fore forming  a  short  oblique  lateral.  The  loaded  cell  in  this  case  was 
fully  41  inches  below  the  surface  of  the  ground  and  at  probably  a 
nearly  uniform  temperature  the  year  around. 

June  nth,  two  other  burrows  of  this  same  species  were  cast.  The 
first  included  the  bee  so  that  no  mistake  was  possible  and  the  cast 
measured  to  the  honey  pouch  37^  inches.  There  was  no  heel  and 
no  indication  that  the  gallery  or  burrow  had  extended  below  that 
point.     The  second  cast  was  twisted  so  as  to  measure  34  inches  at  30 


March,  1901.]  Sriith  :  On  Some  Digger  Bees.  89 

inches  below  the  surface,  where  a  loaded  cartridge  was  found  on  abed 
of  hard  gravel.  A  heel  extended  from  the  end  of  the  cast  into  this 
gravel,  and  below  it,  almost  four  feet  below  the  surface,  another 
loaded  cartridge  was  found.  To  this  species  then,  belongs  the  dis- 
tinction of  making  the  deepest  digging  of  any  species  of  the  genus, 
and  also  the  boring  of  the  greatest  diameter.  It  is  puzzling  why  this 
should  be  so,  but  so  it  is. 

I  have  specimens  taken  at  Newark  and  in  Burlington  County  in 
May,  and  a  specimen  dated  Lahaway,  June  20th.  This  is,  therefore, 
one  of  the  later  of  the  species,  though  A.  Jiilaris  I  have  from  Laha- 
way July  17  th. 

So  far  I  have  six  species  of  Andrejia  from  Lahaway  :  A.  hilaris 
Sm.,  April  20-July  17th;  A.  vicina  Sm.,  May  and  June;  A.  bicolor 
Fabr.,  June;  A.  inula  Robt.,  May  and  June;  A.  salicis  Robt.,  with- 
out date;  A.  viola  Robt.,  April  to  June. 

Notes  are  here  given  on  the  digging  habits  of  three  of  these,  and 
they  are  found  to  be  essentially  alike,  though  each  has  some  little  pe- 
culiarities of  its  own  that  would  probably  show  out  more  markedly  on 
closer  observation  and  more  frequent  casting. 
Halictus,  sp. 

June  4th  our  attention  was  attracted  by  occasional  small  burrows, 
not  exceeding  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The  maker  was  a 
small  bee,  determined  by  Mr.  Ashmead  as  Halictus  sp.,  and  only  two 
or  three  examples  were  taken. 

The  galleries  drop  down  vertically  about  15  inches,  then  a  little 
lateral  runs  off  about  an  inch  and  a  half,  at  right  angles.  At  the  end 
of  this  is  a  drop  of  about  half  an  inch  and  then  a  very  pretty  little  cell, 
carefully  smoothed  inside  and  soaked  with  saliva  or  some  other  se- 
cretion. This  turns  black,  the  color  penetrating  quite  deeply  and 
cementing  the  soil  particles  as  far  as  it  extends.  At  the  bottom  of 
this  cell  is  a  very  handsome  ball  of  dry  pollen,  shaped  like  an  apple 
and  quite  regular. 

The  desire  to  complete  the  history  of  Augochlora  made  it  impos- 
sible to  devote  further  time  to  this  species. 

There  are,  it  will  be  noted  when  the  history  oi  Aiigochlo7-a  is  writ- 
ten, two  types  of  storing  diggers  ;  one  which  makes  a  paste  with 
honey  and  pollen  stored  in  a  thin  membrane-like  sac  ;  the  other  which 
lines  or  hardens  the  inside  of  the  cell  and  stores  the  pollen  dry  in  a 
loaf  of  definite  form.      I  have  little  doubt  that  this  difference  in  habit 


40  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         |Voi.  ix. 

will  be  found  to  be  accompanied  by  some  structural  difference  that, 
when  once  correlated,  will  serve  to  determine  what  the  storing  habit 
of  the  species  is. 

Though  all  the  species  heretofore  mentioned  were  interesting  ob- 
jects of  study,  all  paled  before  the  little  blue  and  green  Augochlora 
humeralis  which  was  followed  through  all  its  stages. 

The  life  history  of  that  species,  with  figures  illustrating  also  some 
of  the  matters  hereinbefore  referred  to,  will  form  a  second  part  of  this 
essay. 


NEW    SPECIES     OF    HETEROCERA    FROM    TROP- 
ICAL AMERICA.— I. 

By   William   Schaus. 

SYNTOMID^. 
Pseudosphex  noverca. 

Head  grayish.  Collar  black,  fringed  posteriorly  with  gray.  Thorax  black;  a 
transverse  gray  line  posteriorly.  Abdomen  black  ;  a  gray  streak  laterally  at  base  ; 
ventral  valve  fringed  with  white.  Wings  hyaline,  the  veins  black.  Primaries:  cos- 
tal margin  broadly,  inner  margin  narrowly  on  basal  half,  suffused  with  dark  brown  ; 
fringe  dark  brown.  Secondaries  :  the  basal  half  of  costa  narrowly  suffused  with  dark 
brown.      Expanse,  27  mm. 

Habitat  :  Castro,   Parana. 
Bombiliodes  jamaicensis. 

Palpi  and  head  black.  Collar  and  thorax  black  ;  collar  and  patagise  with  a  crim- 
son streak,  mottled  with  white  scales,  and  inwardly  shaded  with  metallic  blue  scales. 
Abdomen  crimson  ;  a  dorsal  black  band  ;  the  segments  posteriorly  black  ;  underneath 
pale  brown.  Thorax  below  and  legs  black,  the  latter  streaked  with  blue  ;  tarsi  circled 
with  white.  Wings  transparent.  Primaries  :  the  margins  black  ;  the  apex  broadly 
black ;  a  large  black  spot  at  end  of  cell  touching  costa,  and  a  smaller  spot  about  cen- 
ter of  cell  resting  on  costa,  and  not  reaching  the  median  vein.  Secondaries  :  apex 
broadly,  outer  and  inner  margin  narrowly  black.  Antennae  black,  tips  yellow.  Ex- 
panse, 39  mm. 

Habitat :  Jamaica. 
Bombiliodes  xanthogastroides. 

Antenna;  black,  streaked  with  white  at  apex.  Head  black  ;  vertex  dark  blue. 
Collar  black  with  two  dark  blue  spots.  'J'horax  black.  Abdomen  black  basally, 
shaded  with   blue  laterally  ;  the  last  four  segments  orange ;    underneath  the  last  three 


March,  igoi.]        SCHAUS  :    HeTEROCERA   FROM  TROPICAL   AMERICA.  41 

orange,  otherwise  black.  Thorax  below  and  legs  black.  Wings  tran.sparent,  the 
veins  black.  Primaries  :  margins  narrowly  black  ;  a  black  streak  at  end  of  cell,  a 
transparent  streak  at  base  of  costa.  Secondaries  somewhat  opalescent  ;  the  margins 
narrowly  black,  more  broadly  so  between  anal  angle  and  vein  2.      Expanse,  38  mm. 

Habitat :  Castro,  Parana.  Looks  very  much  like  Gyninelia  xaiitho- 
gastra  Perty. 

Mesothen  albifrons. 

Head  black  ;  frons  white.  Collar  and  thorax  above  black;  patagia;  streaked 
with  yellow  ;  underneath  yellow.  Legs  yellow  ;  tarsi  and  joints  black.  Abdomen 
yellow  ;  last  three  segments  black.  Wings  hyaline,  veins  black  Primaries  :  some 
yellow  hairs  at  base ;  margins  black,  thickened  at  inner  angle  ;  apex  broadly  black  ; 
discocellular  slightly  more  heavily  marked  than  veins.  .Secondaries  :  margins  nar- 
rowly black ;  some  yellow  at  base.  Underneath  costal  margin  and  veins  streaked 
with  yellow  ;  fringe  terminally  yellow  at  anal  angle.      Expanse,  25  mm. 

Habitat :  Colombia. 
Cosmosoma  flavita. 

Head  black.  Collar  yellow.  Thorax  yellow  ;  two  black  spots  anteriorly  ;  pata- 
gise  outwardly  streaked  with  blue  black.  Legs  black  ;  fore  coxae  yellow.  Abdomen 
yellow  ;  last  two  segments  black.  Wings  hyaline,  veins  black  ;  base  of  vvings  black  ; 
margins  narrowly  black,  more  widely  so  at  apices,  especially  on  primaries  ;  base  of 
costa  with  vitreous  streak.      Expanse,  38  mm. 

Habitat :  Colombia. 
Eurota  minerva. 

Head  black.  Collar  black  ;  two  large  yellow  spots.  Thorax  black  ;  a  yellow 
spot  anteriorly  on  patagife.  Abdomen  black  ;  lateral  crimson  spots  on  first  three  seg- 
ments ;  a  yellow  spot  on  the  fourth  and  fifth.  [Primaries  black  ;  a  yellow  streak  at 
base  ;  some  crimson  hairs  at  base  of  inner  margin  ;  median  semitransparent  white  spots, 
two  in  cell,  superposed,  one  below  cell  somewhat  larger,  and  a  much  smaller  spot 
below  it;  four  similar  spots  beyond  the  cell  between  veins  3-7.  Secondaries  black  ; 
two  whitish  spots  beyond  the  cell  ;  the  inner  margin  broadly  crimson.  Underneath  the 
same.      Hind  wing  with  veins  2  and  4  from  cell.      Expanse,  27  mm. 

Habitat :  Castro,  Parana. 
Macrocneme  nordina. 

Antenncc  black,  tipped  with  white.  Palpi  black  outwardly  suffused  with  blue. 
Legs  black  ;  hind  tarsi  black  ;  fore  coxte  metallic  green.  Head  black  ;  frons  and 
vertex  blue.  Collar  black,  irrorated  with  blue  scales.  Thorax  black  ;  two  subdorsal 
metallic  spots.  Abdomen  black  ;  a  broad  lateral  metallic  green  band,  suffused  with 
blue  at  base  ;  underneath  some  metallic  spots.  Wings  black  ;  at  base  of  primaries 
^ome  metallic  blue  scales  on  inner  margin.  Underneath  :  wings  black  ;  on  primaries 
some  blue  irrorations  on  costal  margin  and  below  cell ;  on  secondaries  some  blue  irro- 
rations  on  costal  margin,  at  base  of  cell,  and  inner  margin.     Expanse,  35  mm. 

Habitat :  Guadalajara,  Mexico. 


42  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Macrocneme  sura. 

Falpi  and  legs  black,  suffused  with  metallic  blue  scales.  Hind  tarsi  tipped  with 
white.  Head  black  ;  frons  with  two  large  white  spots,  and  two  smaller  under  an- 
tennae. Collar  black  with  two  small  blue  and  white  spots.  Thorax  black  ;  patagise 
with  a  small  blue  and  white  spot  anteriorly.  Abdomen  metallic  green  above,  black 
underneath  ;  the  ventral  valve  green  and  followed  by  two  ventral  rows  of  white  spots. 
Primaries  :  a  basal  band,  and  the  outer  margin  broadly  black,  otherwise  shot  with  dull 
metallic  blue  green.  Secondaries  black.  Underneath  wings  black,  shot  with  dull 
green  to  beyond  cell.      Expanse,  35  mm. 

Habitat :  Petropolis,  Brazil. 
/Ethria  analis. 

Antennas  black,  petinated,  and  thickly  tufted  above  on  median  third.  Head, 
thorax,  and  legs  black  ;  some  blue  shadings  on  femora;,  collar,  and  patagise.  Abdo- 
men black  ;  the  last  three  segments  orange  red.  Wings  transparent,  the  veins  black. 
Primaries  :  the  margins  black  ;  the  outer  margin  inwardly  dentate  ;  a  broad  black 
discocellular  streak,  touching  costa  ;  some  violaceous  hairs  at  base  of  inner  margin. 
Secondaries  :   the  outer  margin  broadly  black.      E.vpanse,  29  mm. 

Habitat:  Peru. 
Argyroeides  vespina. 

Palpi  yellow.  Frons  black,  edged  with  yellow.  Vertex  black  with  a  transverse 
yellow  line,  collar  black  edged  with  yellow.  Thorax  black  ;  yellow  lines  posteriorly  ; 
the  patagiie  edged  with  yellow.  Legs  pale  brown  ;  fore  coxje  yellow.  Abdomen 
black,  spotted  with  yellow  at  base  ;  four  terminal  transverse  yellow  lines.  Wings  yel- 
lowish hyaline  ;  the  veins  pale  brown  ;  fringe  black.  Costa  of  primaries  with  a 
darker  yellow  hyaline  streak.      Expanse,  24  mm. 

Habitat :  Castro,  Parana.  Belongs  to  section  with  vein  6  below 
angle  of  cell  on  secondaries. 

Diptilon  aterea. 

Head  black  ;  frons  yellow.  Collar  and  thorax  black,  the  former,  and  patagise 
finely  edged  with  yellow.  Legs  black  ;  tarsi  below  yellow.  Abdomen  black  ;  a  yel- 
low lateral  streak  on  basal  half  ;  underneath  yellow  on  basal  half.  Primaries  yel- 
lowish hyaline  ;  the  margins  black,  widest  at  apex  ;  median  vein  yellow,  other  veins 
black  ;  a  black  discocellular  streak  ;  a  hyaline  streak  on  basal  half  of  costa  ;  base  of 
subcostal  vein  yellow  ;  fringe  black.  Secondaries  yellow  ;  the  outer  margin  black  ; 
fringe  yellow.      Expanse,  23  mm. 

Habitat ;  Casa  Branca. 
Ceramidia  cuprea. 

Palpi  and  head  black  ;  frons  with  metallic  green  spot ;  a  white  spot  at  base  of 
antenna;.  Collar  black,  irrorated  with  dark  green.  Thorax  black  ;  a  bronze  green 
spot   anteriorly.      Legs  black  ;   tarsi   gray  ;   fore  coxae  whitish.      Abdomen  :  first  seg- 


March,  1901,]       SCHAUS  :     HeTEROCERA  FROM  TrOPICAL  AMERICA.  43 

ment  metallic  green,  otherwise  metallic  bronze  with  two  dorsal  black  stripes  ;  under- 
neath first  segment  white,  otherwise  dull  bronze  color  ;  a  sublateral  white  spot  on 
second  segment.  Primaries  dark  brown,  becoming  paler  at  apex  ;  some  green  scales 
at  base  of  costa.  Secondaries  brown  ;  the  costa  broadly  whitish  ;  two  hyaline  streaks 
on  inner  area.      Expanse,  ;j^  mm. 

Habitat:   Coatepec,  Mexico. 
Marecidia,  gen.  nov. 

Antennae  shortly  pectinated  ;  tips  serrate.  Palpi  long,  ascending.  Hind  tibia 
with  a  very  large  gland  filled  with  long  hairs  above.  Primaries  long  and  narrow  ; 
vein  2  far  removed  from  3  ;  3,  4  and  5  from  lower  angle  of  cell  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ; 
7-10  stalked  ;  7  remote  from  apex.  Secondaries  narrow  ;  costal  margin  slightly 
convex  ;  veins  3  and  4  from  lower  angle  of  cell  ;  5  from  just  above  lower  angle  ;  6 
and  7  on  short  stalk. 

viarecidia  sanguipuncta. 

Head  black  ;  frons  and  vertex  irrorated  with  metallic  green.  Collar  metallic 
green,  edged  with  black.  Thorax  black,  patagia;  streaked  with  bronze  green.  Legs 
black,  shot  with  metallic  green  and  blue  ;  fore  coxEe  white  ;  joint  of  hind  tibia  white. 
Abdomen  above  metallic  green  ;  a  subdorsal  black  line,  and  transverse  lines  on  seg- 
ments anteriorly ;  underneath  green,  with  a  basal  white  patch.  Primaries  black  ; 
the  median  space  below  subcostal,  and  above  inner  margin  shot  with  brilliant  green- 
blue  ;  a  bright  crimson  spot  at  the  base.  Secondaries  black  ;  a  roseate  spot  in  cell ; 
a  whitish  streak  on  inner  area.  Underneath  primaries  with  the  crimson  spot  smaller, 
secondaries  with  a  crimson  spot  in  cell.      Expanse,  33  mm. 

Habitat  •  St.  Catharina,  Brazil. 
Eucereon  marcata. 

Palpi  black  ;  the  end  of  second  joint  white.  Head  white  ;  a  black  spot  on  ver- 
tex. Collar  white  with  two  black  spots.  Thorax  white  ;  a  black  central  streak  ;  the 
patagise  outwardly  black.  Abdomen  roseate  ;  the  basal  segment  brown  ;  anus  black  ; 
a  short  brown  subdorsal  streak  ;  a  lateral  row  of  black  spots  ;  underneath  buff",  shaded 
with  roseate.  Primaries  white,  the  markings  black  ;  inner  margin  :  a  basal  irregular 
spot  ;  at  middle  two  upright  streaks  connected  by  a  cross  line  ;  a  small  spot  towards 
inner  angle.  Costal  margin  :  basal,  inner,  and  outer  black  patches  hardly  extending 
below  cell,  and  formed  of  contiguous  spots  ;  the  outer  patch  sufiusing  with  a  large 
irregular  spot  between  veins  2  and  3,  which  reaches  the  outer  margin  above  the  angle  ; 
three  small  spots  obliquely  between  veins  4-7 ;  before  apex  two  rows  of  spots,  the 
inner  one  from  vein  5  to  costa,  the  outer  row  from  vein  6  to  costa ;  a  terminal  black 
spot  above  vein  4,  and  a  smaller  one  below  it  ;  fringe  white  spotted  with  black  at  ends 
of  veins.  Secondaries  white,  the  veins  gray  ;  a  .slight  grayish  shade  at  apex  and  anal 
angle,  a  terminal  gray  line  ;  fringe  partly  white.     Expanse,  ^t,  mm. 

Habitat :  Paragua)'.     Allied  to  £.  qnadricolor  Wlk. 


44  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [vm.  ix. 

Eucereon  mathani. 

I'alpi,  head  and  thorax  brown  ;  two  small  yellow  tufts  behind  vertex.  Body 
blackish  brown  above,  yellow  banded  with  brown  underneath  ;  the  anal  hairs  yellow. 
Primaries  brownish  gray,  with  dark  brown  markings  ;  a  basal  spot ;  an  inner  curved 
wavy  band;  a  quadrate  spot  in  the  cell,  followed  by  a  transverse  paler  brown  spot, 
and  then  a  large  spot  partly  in  the  cell  and  partly  beyond,  cut  by  the  veins  into  six 
parts  ;  an  outer  curved  row  of  elongated  spots  ;  a  subterminal  row  of  smaller  spots  ; 
fringe  brown,  tipped  with  gray  above  vein  3,  below  it  buft'tipped  with  white.  Second- 
aries somewhat  transparent  on  basal  half,  brownish  gray  ;  the  outer  half  dark  brown 
narrowing  towards  anal  angle.  Underneath  brown.  Primaries  with  a  whitish  discal 
spot,  and  a  large  white  spot  beyond  the  cell.  Secondaries  with  the  inner  area  whitish. 
Expanse,  ^^  mm. 

Habitat :  Balzapamba,  Ecuador. 
Eucereon  trinita. 

Palpi,  head  and  thorax  gray  ;  a  black  spot  on  vertex  ;  two  on  collar,  one  ante- 
riorly on  patagice,  which  are  also  inwardly  black.  Abdomen  roseate  tipped  with  black  ; 
Underneath  buff ;  a  lateral  black  streak.  Legs  gray  ;  midtarsi  banded  with  black  ; 
fore  coxae  roseate.  Primaries  gray,  markings  black  ;  two  basal  spots  above  submedian  ; 
a  large  spot  below  submedian  ;  three  antemedial  spots  followed  by  a  larger  spot  in 
cell ;  six  median  spots,  the  upper  three  suffusing  somewhat  ;  an  outer  row,  curved 
around  end  of  cell,  consisting  of  three  large  spots  below  costa,  three  shades  close  to 
cell,  between  veins  2-5,  the  shade  between  2  and  3  followed  by  another  spot ;  a  large 
spot  above  submedian,  and  below  submedian  a  long  spot  reaching  inner  angle  ;  a 
terminal  row  of  spots;  fringe  spotted  with  black.  Secondaries  black,  grayish  at  base. 
Expanse,  25   mm. 

Habitat :  Trinidad. 
Eucereon  lerioides. 

Head,  thorax  and  wings  as  in  E.  leria  Druce.  The  abdomen  pale  yellow,  in 
stead  of  roseate,  the  anal  segment  black.      Expanse,  35  mm. 

Habitat  :  Jalapa,  Mexico. 
Ctenucha  mortia. 

Head  posteriorly,  underneath,  and  basal  half  of  palpi  orange ;  head  and  palpi 
otherwise  black.  Thorax  black,  finely  streaked  with  yellow.  Abdomen  blue  black  ; 
anal  hairs  orange.  Primaries  black,  the  veins  grayish  ;  a  large  white  spot  beyond 
the  cell  from  vein  4-7  ;  fringe  black,  white  at  apex.  Secondaries  blue  black  ;  the 
ringe  white.    Underneath  the  veins  on  secondaries  are  also  grayish.    Expanse,  37  mm. 

Habitat :  Castro,  Parana. 
Hyaleucereon  lugubris. 

Head  and  thorax  brown.  Abdomen  brownish  black  ;  some  terminal  transverse 
violaceous  shades.  Primaries  uniform  dull  brown.  Secondaiies  brownish  black.  Ex- 
panse, 40  mm. 

Habitat :  Colombia. 


March,  1901.]       SCHAUS  :     HeTEROCERA  FROM  TROPICAL  AMERICA.  45 

FSYCHID.^. 
Oiketicus  orizavas. 

Primaries  smoky  gray,  almost  black  on  inner  margin  ;  a  blackish  spot  occupying 
outer  half  of  cell,  followed  by  a  white  oblique  mark,  less  dentate  than  in  O.  kirbyi  ; 
the  outer  margin  semi-transparent.  Secondaries  smoky  gray,  the  inner  margin  broadly 
blackish  ;  the  outer  margin  from  vein  2  to  apex  semi-transparent.      Expanse,  39  mm. 

Habitat :  Orizava,  Mexico. 

Chalia  vigasi. 

Wings  gray,  semi-transparent,  thinly  scaled  with  darker  hairs.  Costal  margin  of 
primaries  finely  black,  fringe  darker  gray.      Expanse,  16  mm. 

Habitat:  Las  Vigas,  Mexico. 
Chalia  tristis. 

Wings  grayish  brown,  thickly  scaled.  Primaries  4  and  5  from  a  point,  7  from 
near  upper  angle  of  cell,  8  and  9  on  short  stalk  from  upper  angle.  lb  angled,  an- 
ostomosing  with  Ic,  to  outer  margin.  Secondaries  :  veins  4  and  5  close  together,  8 
far  diverging  from  7.      Expanse,  17  mm. 

Habitat:  Jalapa,  Mexico. 

COSSID^.. 
Duomitus  pyracmonides. 

Head  and  collar  brown.  Thorax  grayish  white.  Abdomen  brown,  whitish 
subdorsally.  Primaries  white  with  transverse  dark  brown  strire  ;  basal  third  of  costa 
dark  brown  ;  from  below  cell  from  before  vein  2  an  irregular  broad  brown  shade  to 
outer  margin  below  apex.  Secondaries  gray  on  inner  margin,  otherwise  whitish 
thickly  irrorated  with  grayish  strire,  especially  in  median  space.  Fringe  white.  Ex- 
panse, 54  mm. 

Habitat :  Orizaba,  Mexico.  Can  be  easily  distinguished  from 
pvracmon  Cramer  by  the  absence  of  the  terminal  dark  spots. 

Duomitus  mathani. 

$  palpi,  frons,  thorax,  and  abdomen  below  brownish  black,  legs  black  ;  tarsi 
circled  with  white.  Vertex  yellowish.  Collar  black.  Thorax  white  with  a  central 
dark  brown  line.  Abdomen  dorsally  white,  with  a  subdorsal  black  streak  on  last  five 
segments  ;  laterally  blackish.  Primaries  white,  markings  dark  brown  ;  a  large  spot  at 
base  of  inner  margin  ;  a  broad  space  from  near  base  of  costal  margin  extending  to  one 
third  from  base  ;  a  small  dark  spot  on  costal  margin  at  two  thirds,  preceded  by  four 
small  spots  and  followed  by  three  a  little  larger  ;  from  below  cells  before  vein  2  to 
outer  margin  at  vein  7,  an  irregular  broad  band,  nearly  straight  to  along  vein  5  then 
ascending  obliquely  to  vein  7  ;  a  row  of  small  spots  along  inner  margin  and  above 
vein  lb ;  a  few  spots  beyond  cell  ;  terminal  blackish  spots  at  veins  partly  extending  on 
to  white  fringe.  Secondaries  white  ;  the  inner  margin  broadly  shaded  with  brown  ;  a 
median  broad  brown  shade,  posteriorly  curved  between  the  veins,  and  terminating  to- 
wards costa  in  diffuse  stride ;  terminal  dark  points  as  on  primaries. 


46  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [voLix. 

9  paler  below,  the  legs  tufts  with  whitish  hairs.  Vertex  yellowish.  Thorax 
pale  yellowish,  thickly  mottled  with  black  scales.  Abdomen  dorsally  yellowish  with  a 
subdorsal  dark  streak.  Primaries  white,  thickly  irrorated  with  brown,  and  also  with 
black  on  inner  margin  ;  the  base  yellowish ;  the  markings  not  distinct,  more  like  shad- 
ings of  brown  irrorated  with  white  scales  ;  the  longitudinal  band  most  distinct  be- 
tween veins  4  and  7  ;  on  costa  a  median  black  streak  preceded  and  followed  by  small 
black  spots  ;  a  brown  spot  below  the  next  to  last  costal  spot ;  terminal  black  spots  on 
outer  margin.  Secondaries  brown,  somewhat  irrorated  with  gray  on  outer  margin  and 
towards  base  below  the  cell  ;  terminal  dark  spots  on  outer  margin  ;  a  large  dark  spot 
on  costal  margin  before  apex.      Expanse  $ ,  100  mm.;  9>  125  ram. 

Habitat :  Huambo,  Peru. 
Dumitus  jamaicensis. 

Primaries  :  basal  third  almost  black  on  costa,  shading  to  gray  on  inner  margin  ; 
this  space  limited  by  a  dark  line  not  extending  below  the  submedian  ;  a  median 
whitish  space,  wider  on  costa  than  on  submedian,  irrorated  with  darker  scales  and 
strife,  but  not  thickly  ;  below  the  submedian  the  inner  margin  is  grayer  ;  a  velvety 
black  discal  point ;  outer  space  dull  gray  ;  an  outer  pale  gray  row  of  spots  between 
the  veins,  and  terminal  pale  gray  shadings,  especially  about  and  above  inner  angle  ; 
all  the  terminal  space  slightly  irrorated  with  darker  striae  ;  fringe  buff,  spotted  with 
brown  at  tips  of  veins.  Secondaries  pale  grayish  brown  ;  fringe  with  indistinct  darker 
spots.  Female  paler,  the  outer  space  with  the  paler  space  more  extended,  reducing 
the  darker  gray  to  an  irregular  band  beyond  the  discal  streak  ;  a  subterminal  darker 
gray  band,  interrupted  by  the  veins.      Expanse  $ ,  48  mm.;   9>  55  ™"''- 

Habitat :  Jamaica. 

Costria,  gen.  nov. 

Differs  from  (\'ssitla  Bailey,  in  having  veins  9  and  10  on  primaries  from  a  point, 
and  6  and  7  on  secondaries  well  apart. 

Type  of  genus,  C.  abnoba^c\\2Ms,.  (P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1892,  p.  327.) 
Costria  corita. 

Body  gray  ;  a  median  dark  brown  band  on  thorax.  Primaries  light  gray  ;  trans- 
verse brownish  striee  ;  a  median,  velvety  brown  line  from  cell,  obliquely  to  vein  lb, 
where  it  is  thickest ;  before  the  apex  an  inwardly  curved,  semilunar  dark  brown  streak  ; 
a  terminal  brown,  wavy,  thick  line,  interrupted  by  the  veins  ;  fringe  basally  brown, 
outwardly  mottled  with  gray.  Secondaries  white,  some  terminal  gray  shadings  inter- 
rupted between  the  veins ;  fringe  basally  grayish  brown,  outwardly  white.  On 
secondaries  below  a  brown  discal  spot.      Expanse,  39  mm. 

Habitat :   Colombia. 

Costria  maruga. 

Head  gray,  posteriorly  dark  brown.  Thorax  olivaceous  ;  patagia;  gray.  Abdo- 
men yellowish  white.  Primaries  pale  silvery  white  tinged  with  gray  ;  Median  space 
of  costa  finely  dark  gray  ;  a  large  round  velvety  brown  spot  in  the  cell  ;  a  smaller 
one  below  the  median  vein,  and  a  still  smaller  one  below  vein  lb  ;  these  spots  ob- 
liquely approaching  the  base  of  inner  margin,  and  preceded  by  three  dark  points  a 
little  above  them  ;   beyond  the  spots  eight  transverse  wavy  lines  ;   the  first  three  gray. 


March,  igoi.]        SCHAUS:     HeTEROCERA  FROM  TfOPICAL  AMERICA.  47 

broken  ;  the  first  two  shaded  with  brown  below  the  median  vein  ;  the  third  shaded 
with  brown  below  vein  ic;  the  fourth  not  extended  below  vein  3,  geminate 
towards  costa,  and  yellow  posteriorly  ;  the  fifth  dark  gray  from  below  cosla  to  vein  2  ; 
the  sixth  dark  brown  from  costa  to  vein  3  ;  the  seventh  dark  brown  shaded  with  gray 
above  vein  3,  below  vein  3  yellow  ;  the  eighth  very  dark  brown  partly  shaded  with 
yellow  ;  fringe  yellow  at  base,  white  outwardly.  Secondaries  whitish  with  traces  of 
subterminal  grayish  lines  ;  base  of  fringe  pale  yellow.  Expanse,  33  mm. 
Habitat :  Castro,  Parana. 

Costria  striolata. 

Head  and  thorax  white  mottled  with  a  few  buff  scales.  Abdomen  buff;  white 
subdorsally  at  base.  Primaries  white,  shaded  with  pale  brown  on  the  costa,  in  the 
cell,  and  below  vein  lb  ;  the  fringe  on  inner  margin  white  ;  beyond  the  cell  long  fine 
brownish  lines  not  reaching  apex  or  outer  margin  ;  basal  half  of  costal  margin  finely 
dark  gray ;  an  outwardly  oblique  brownish  shade  from  before  the  middle  of  costal 
margin,  terminating  in  two  dark  brown  spots  and  below  margin  vein  ic  ;  a  brown  spot 
on  outer  margin  at  vein  3  ;  some  subapical  brown  shadings  ;  terminal  brown  and 
gray  shadings.  Secondaries  pale  reddish  brown  ;  the  costa  and  inner  margin 
whitish.     Expanse,  'ip  mm. 

Habitat :  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil. 

Costria  arpL 

Head  and  thorax  white  irrorated  with  a  few  black  scales.  Primaries  gray 
shaded  with  brown  along  costa,  and  on  outer  third  of  wing  ;  some  irregular  trans- 
verse black  strise,  chiefly  on  outer  half  of  wing  ;  a  thicker  transverse  black  streak  in 
the  cell ;  a  velvety  black  spot  between  veins  lb  and  Ic  at  a  third  from  base;  and  a 
smaller  spot  below  it  nearer  the  base  ;  a  subterminal  outwardly  curved  black  line 
from  veins  2-8  connected  with  fringe  at  vein  4  by  a  black  bar,  above  which  it  is  out- 
wardly shaded  with  dark  brown  ;  the  marginal  space  above  vein  4  to  costa  before 
apex  is  otherwise  pale  brown  ;  a  dark  costal  spot  before  apex  ;  fringe  reddish  brown. 
Secondaries  dull  grayish  brown.      Expanse,  46  mm. 

Habitat :  Rio  Janeiro.  In  this  species  veins  6  and  7  on  secon- 
daries are  from  a  point. 

Costria  elegans. 

Palpi  brown.  Head  whitish  ;  vertex  dark  brown.  Thorax  dark  brown  ;  pata- 
gise  buff.  Abdomen  light  brown.  Primaries  whitish  buft',  shaded  with  light  brown  ; 
black  and  brown  striie  evenly  distributed  over  the  surface  ;  costa,  except  at  base  and 
outer  third,  dark  brown  ;  the  outer  margin  occupied  by  a  large  dark  space,  inwardly 
curved  and  limited  by  a  dark  velvety  brown  shade  ;  the  space  contiguous  to  this  to- 
ward the  base  is  without  strise  and  appears  like  a  pale  line ;  the  space  within  the 
curved  brown  line  and  a  terminal  dark  brown  line  is  dark  olivaceous  above  vein  5, 
and  lilacine  white  below  it ;  a  small  dark  brown  spot  on  the  lilacine  portion  ;  fiinge 
pale  brown.  Secondaries  and  base  of  fringe  pale  brown  ;  the  fringe  terminally 
white.     Expanse,  25  mm. 

Habitat :  Castro,  Parana. 


48  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,        [Voi.  ix. 

Costria  discopuncta. 

J5ody  yellowish  white.  Primaiies  white  ;  a  large  velvety  black  spot  in  the  cell ; 
a  very  small  spot  on  vein  ic,  and  another  below  vein  ib  ;  the  spots  oblique,  the  low- 
est being  nearest  the  base  ;  the  costal  margin  narrowly  dark  gray  ;  the  outer  margin 
and  posterior  outer  half  of  wing  striated  with  brown  and  gray  ;  fringe  light  brown. 
Secondaries  white  ;  a  fine  terminal  shade,  and  base  of  fringe  yellowish  ;  a  small 
brownish  shade  near  anal  angle.      Expanse,  33  mm. 

Habitat :  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil.  Prceclara  ( Cossula)  Schs.  also  be- 
longs to  this  genus.  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  328).  Arbela 
norax,  Druce,  differs  from  Cossula  and  Costria  in  having  veins  7  and 
8  on  primaries  stalked.  The  other  species  described  by  Druce  under 
Arbcia,  I  have  not  been  able  to  examine. 

Qivira  Walk. 

Antennae  pectinated.      Palpi  extending  beyond  frons.      Primaries  :   veins  lb  and 
ic  connected  by  a  bar ;    2  and  3  far  apart  ;   5  near  4  ;  6  from  upper  angle  of  cell,  7 
and  8  stalked  from  areole  ;  9  from  areole,  lo  and  II  from  cell.     Secondaries  6  and  7 
from  cell.     Type  Givira  iristis  Walk. 
Group  I.    Vein  8  connected  with  7  by  a  bar  : 

iristis  Walk. 

inacrochir  Schs.    ( Dolecta ) . 

subvetiusta  Sch.  {Dolecta'). 

polybioides  Schs. ,  sp.  nov. 

platea  Schs.,  sp.  nov. 

watsoni  Schs. ,  sp.  nov. 
Group    II.   \'ein  8  free  : 

polybia  vSchs.  [Langidorfia). 
Group  III.   Veins  7  and  8  on  primaries  from  areole. 

Secondaries  :  8  connected  to  7  by  a  bar  : 

Dukin/ietdia  Schs.  {Laiigsdo?-fia). 

Qivira  polybioides. 

Ilody  dark  brownish  gray.  Primaries  white  ;  the  costa,  inner  margin,  cell,  and 
median  space  below  cell,  brownish  ;  costa  spotted  with  black  ;  some  thick,  black 
striiT?  on  inner  margin,  and  in  cell  ;  dark  basal,  and  inner  black  line  crossing  the  in- 
ner white  space  below  cell ;  an  outer  broken,  brown  line  ;  a  subterminal  black  line 
preceded  by  a  brown  spot  between  veins  5-8,  and  broken  at  veins  3  and  5,  also  con 
nected  to  fringe  at  tips  of  veins  by  dark  lines  ;  a  fine  terminal  brownish  line,  and  in 
tervenal  terminal  light  brown  spots.  Secondaries  white  with  irregular  margina 
brown  marks.  Fringe  on  both  wings  whitish,  spotted  with  dark  brown.  Expanse 
34  mm. 

Habitat :  Castro,  Parana.  Veins  6  and  7  on  secondaries  apart. 
This  species  is  allied  to  G.  polybia  Schs.  {Langsdar/ia^,  which  has 
dark  secondaries  and  veins  6  and  7  from  a  point. 


/our/?.  N.   P.  EnL  Soc. 


Vol.  IX.      PI.  I. 


The  Genus  Sinea. 


Joiirn.  N.   V.  Ent.  Soc. 


Vol.  JX.      PL  II. 


The  Genus  Sinea. 


JOURNAL 


TOfId  ]9ork  6lntoraoIogiraI  %nM^. 


^Tol.  IX.  JUNE,  1901.  No.  2. 


NEW  PYRALIDiE  AND  TORTRICID^    FROM 
PALM    BEACH,   FLORIDA. 

By  C.   H.   Fernald. 

Marasmia  floridalis,  sp.  nov. 

Head,  thorax,  fore  and  hind  wings  white  with  brown  markings  as  follows  :  the 
outside  of  the  palpi,  a  spot  on  each  side  of  the  collar  above,  a  similar  but  more  in- 
distinct pair  on  the  middle  of  the  thorax,  the  tips  of  the  tegula;,  a  stripe  from  the  eye 
back  to  the  wing  and  continued  along  the  costa,  the  outer  margin  of  all  the  wings 
narrower  behind,  a  large  costal  spot  concave  on  each  side,  sending  one  line  obliquely 
down  and  in  to  join  two  parallel  cross  lines  with  pale  yellow  between  them,  and  a 
second  line  down  and  out  to  similar  parallel  but  curved  lines  across  the  outer  part  of 
the  wing,  a  line  between  this  and  the  brown  outer  margin  with  an  inward  bend  in  the 
middle  and  connected  by  lines  to  the  outer  margin  and  the  line  within,  a  few  irregular 
lines  near  the  base  of  the  wing,  a  median  band  on  the  hind  wing  not  reaching  the 
costa,  two  cross  lines  between  this  band  and  the  outer  margin  each  with  an  inward 
angle  in  the  middle  connected  together  below  where  a  line  extends  to  the  median 
band,  and  a  series  of  venular  dashes  in  the  subterminal  space.  Expanse  of  wings, 
12-14  ™™- 

Described  from  three  examples  from  Florida,  two  in  the  National 
Museum  one  of  which  is  from  Palm  Beach  and  one  from  Key  West, 
and  one  in  my  own  collection.  One  was  bred  from  Vincetoxicuvi 
paliistrc  by  Dr.  H.  G.  Dyar.    Type  no.  541 1  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Evergestis  dyaralis,  sp.  nov. 

Head,  thorax,  abdomen  and  fore  wings  smoky  yellow  or  yellowish  fuscous  with 
a  silky  luster,  the  latter  with  greenish  reflections.  First  and  second  segments  of  the 
labial  palpi  tipped  with  white.  Upper  side  of  antenna;,  a  line  on  each  side  of  the  face 
as  far  as  the  base  of  the  antennae,  a  line  across  the  collar  on  each  side,  one  on  the 
inner  edge  of  the  tegulee,  one  on  the  edge  of  the  costa  from  the  base  to  the  end  of 
the  cell,  one  or  two  oblique  streaks  on  the  outer  part  of  the  costa,  an  oblique  streak 


50  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

at  the  apex  with  a  black  dot  below  it,  and  a  series  of  terminal  dashes  forming  a 
broken  line,  white. .  The  ordinary  lines  darker  but  inconspicuous.  The  inner  one 
forming  a  very  obtuse  outward  angle  at  the  origin  of  vein  2,  and  an  equally  obtuse 
inward  angle  on  vein  i.  The  outer  line  is  somewhat  arcuate  but  bends  inward  some- 
what on  vein  2.  The  discal  spot  is  a  nearly  straight  oblique  streak  at  the  end  of  the 
cell.  Hind  wings  with  a  silky  luster,  light  at  the  base,  dark  fuscous  outwardly.  All 
the  wings  are  lighter  beneath  than  above.      Expanse  of  wings,  21-23  "i"""- 

Described  from  one  specimen  in  the  National  Museum,  bred  from 
Drypetis  crocca  at  Palm  Beach,  Florida,  and  two  in  my  own  collection 
given  me  by  Dr.  Dyar,  from  the  same  locality  as  the  first. 

I  have  named  this  beautiful  species  in  honor  of  Dr.  H.  G.  Dyar 
whose  interesting  and  valuable  investigations  on  Lepidopterous  larvK 
have  attracted  such  general  attention.  Type  no.  5410,  U.  S.  National 
Museum. 

Pyrausta  costimaculalis,  sp.  nov. 

Head,  thorax,  fore  wings  and  upper  side  of  abdomen,  dark  purplish  red  with  a 
costal  spot  extending  down  to  the  end  of  the  cell  and  in  along  the  costa  to  the  basal 
fourth,  light  orange  yellow.  Two  indistinct  dark  lines  extend  nearly  parallel,  one 
from  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin,  the  other  from  the  basal  fourth  up  to  the  median 
vein.  Hind  wings  fuscous.  All  the  fringes  pale  yellow.  Under  side  of  the  fore 
wings  fuscous,  somewhat  purplish  along  the  costa  and  with  the  costal  spot  much 
lighter  beneath  than  above.  Legs  and  underside  of  the  body  cream  white,  the  outer 
end  of  the  fore  tibiae  dark  purplish.      Expanse  of  wings,  12-13  mm. 

Described  from  one  female  specimen  in  the  National  Museum  in 
Washington  and  one  in  my  collection,  bred  from  Psychotria  uinhxta 
by  Dr.  H.  G.  Dyar.     Type  no.  5412  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Eucosma  lineana,  sp.  nov. 

Head  and  front  of  thorax  dark  gray,  the  remaining  part  of  thorax  and  the  hind 
part  of  the  fore  wings  as  far  as  the  oblique  band,  dark  fuscous.  Fore  wings  sordid 
white  with  numerous  dark  longitudinal  lines  ;  costa  with  a  series  of  about  ten  short, 
oblique  dark  brown  streaks  alternating  with  much  finer  ones,  an  oblique  wood  brown 
band  marked  more  or  less  with  dark  brown  and  broken  above  and  below  the  cell 
arises  from  the  middle  of  the  costa  and  extends  to  the  anal  angle,  the  costal  part  of 
this  band  sends  out  a  sharp  angle  from  its  lower  part,  the  middle  part  sends  out  an 
extension  from  below  forming  a  v-shaped  mark,  the  third  part  forms  a  semicircle  on 
the  upper  side;  a  wood  brown  patch  on  the  outer  part  of  the  wing  with  a  line  ex- 
tending from  it  to  near  the  anal  angle.  Fringes  whitish,  cut  in  the  middle  by  dark 
brown.      Hind  wings  fuscous  with  paler  fringes.      Expanse  of  wings,  16  mm. 

Described  from  one  female  specimen  in  the  National  Museum, 
from  Palm  Beach,  Florida,  bred  on  Anoiia  laiirifolia  by  Dr.  H.  G. 
Dyar.      Type  no.  5414  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


June,  igoi.]  FeRNALD  :     New    PYRALIDiE    AND    ToRTRICID/E.  51 

Epiblema  perplexana,  sp.  nov. 

Head  and  palpi  clay  yellow  ;  thorax  a  little  darker.  Fore  wings  dark  fuscous 
in  males,  much  lighter  in  females,  with  a  series  of  about  five  geminate,  sordid  white, 
oblique  costal  streaks  beyond  the  end  of  the  costal  fold  ;  a  small  dark  brown  spot 
rests  on  the  apex  ;  a  dark  brown  irregularly  curved  streak  beyond  the  end  of  the  cell 
curves  down  around  the  outer  part  of  the  ocelloid  patch  which  contains  a  few  hori- 
zontal dark  streaks  ;  a  median  dorsal  sordid  yellowish  white  spot  rests  on  the  hind 
border,  extends  up  and  out  terminating  a  little  above  the  fold  ;  several  irregular  dark 
streaks  rest  upon  this  spot.  The  remaining  part  of  the  wing  is  crossed  by  very  fine 
streaklets.      Hind  wings  fuscous.      Expanse  of  wings,  13-15  mm. 

Described  from  seven  examples  taken  at  Palm  Beach,  Florida,  by 
Dr.  H.  G.  Dyar.      Type  no.  5432  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Epiblema  ochraceana,  sp.  nov. 

Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings  pale  ochreous  with  darker  oblique  streaks  along  the 
costa  and  darker  dots  scattered  over  the  surface  of  the  wing  except  in  the  large  anal 
patch  in  which  there  are  only  two  such  dots.  Fringes  concolorous  with  grayish  scales 
along  the  base.      Hind  wings  yellowish  fuscous.      Expanse  of  wings,  12  mm. 

Described  from  one  male  specimen  in  rather  poor  condition  in  the 
National  Museum  collection  from  Palm  Beach,  Florida.  Type  no. 
5415  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Lipoptycha  maculana,  sp.  nov. 

Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings  dark  fuscous,  the  latter  with  a  large  white  spot  a 
little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin  and  extending  a  little  above  the  fold_ 
This  spot  has  numerous  fine  irregular  dark  streaks  in  it.  The  costa  is  cut  by  oblique 
black  streaks  followed  beyond  the  middle  by  white  and  there  are  numerous  oblique 
and  horizontal  yellowish  streaks  over  the  surface  of  the  wing  except  at  the  base  ;  ter- 
minal line  around  the  apex  black,  which  is  represented  by  two  or  three  black  dots  be- 
low the  middle,  when  viewed  in  certain  lights  there  are  oblique  bluish  streaks  visible, 
two  arising  near  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  extending  down  to  the  end  of  the  cell 
and  one  or  two  beyond.  Hind  wings  fuscous,  not  so  dark  as  the  fore  wings.  Ex- 
panse of  wings,  1}^  mm. 

Described  from  one  male  specimen  frotii  Florida  in  the  National 
Museum  and  one  in  my  collection  bred  from  ScJKXpfia  arl>orescc/is  col- 
lected by  Dr.  H.  Ci.  Dyar.      Type  no.  5413  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Tortrix  ivana,  sp.  nov. 

Head  and  thorax  dull  ochre  yellow,  the  latter  with  a  dark  line  across  the  middle 
terminating  at  the  tegulce.  Fore  wings  pale  ochre  yellow  with  a  shining  luster  ;  a 
dark  brown  spot  on  the  extreme  base  of  the  costa  a  little  beyond  which  an  oblique 
dark  band  extends  about  half  way  across  the  wing  where  it  ends  in  several  scattered 
black  dots  ;  an  oblique  dark  band  arising  near  the  middle  of  the  costa  extends  nearly 
to  the   fold  beyond  which  it  is  faintly  indicated  by  yellowish   streaks,  the  middle  of 


52  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

this  band  across  the  cell  is  nearly  of  the  ground  color  of  the  wing  ;  a  subapical  dark 
patch  rests  on  the  costa  in  four  equidistant  dark  brown  dots ;  a  dark  spot  be- 
tween the  end  of  the  cell  and  the  outer  border  very  dark  at  the  beginning  extends 
obliquely  down  to  the  outer  border  a  little  above  the  anal  angle.  Ground  color  of 
fore  wing  with  numerous  cross  streaks  of  a  brighter  yellowish  color.  Fringes  concol- 
orous  with  the  ground  color  of  the  wing.  Hind  wings  light  gray  with  darker  reticu- 
larions.  Underside  of  all  the  wings  lighter  than  above  and  faintly  reproducing  the 
markings  of  the  upper  side.     Expanse  of  wings,  12  mm. 

Described  from  one  male  specimen  in  the  National  Museum,  from 
Florida,  bred  from  Iva  imhricata.  Type  no.  5416  U.  S.  National 
Museum. 


NOTES  ON   SOME    DIGGER  BEES.— II. 

By  John  B.   Smith,  Sc.D. 
(Plates  III-V.) 

Augochlora  humeralis  Patton. 

The  first  introduction  to  this  species  came  April  4,  1898,  when 
digging  out  plaster  casts  of  spider  burrows.  At  that  time  Mr.  Brake - 
ley  ran  across  occasional  vertical  burrows,  filled  at  the  top  an  inch  or 
so,  but  open  below  that  and  extending  down  fully  three  feet.  Beyond 
that  they  were  lost  and  were  looked  upon  as  unusually  deep  old  Col- 
k'tes  diggings. 

April  17th,  an  area  18  x  16  x  23  inches  was  cleared  of  pine  needles, 
lichens,  moss  and  other  surface  debris,  and  about  an  inch  and  a  half  of 
sand  was  skived  off  cleanly,  with  a  large  sharp  trowel.  In  this  area  13 
round  holes  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  in  diameter  were  now  exposed. 
From  one  of  them  a  bee  came  up  and  was  captured.  It  proved  to  be 
Augochlora  hiwieralis,  Mr.  Fox  and  Mr.  Ashmead  separately  determin- 
ing the  species  for  me. 

Plaster  was  now  poured  into  several  of  these  holes  and  to  Mr. 
Brakeley's  astonishment  the  first  opening  required  four  fluid  ounces  to 
fill.  The  others  required  yet  more,  until  in  one  case  nine  ounces 
were  needed  to  bring  the  mixture  to  the  surface. 

April  1 8th,  digging  began  by  making  a  trench  before  the  area  of 
casts,  and  working  down  an  old  burrow,  the  trench  was  deepened 
from  time  to  time  until  it  was  fully  four  feet  down.  In  the  first  cast  a 
bee  was  imbedded  23  inches  from  the  top,  there  was  a  totally  different 


June,  igoi.i  Smith  :    On  Some  Digger  Bees.  53 

arrangement  of  laterals  from  what  had  been  noted  in  Colletes,  and  be- 
low the  end  of  the  cast,  41  inches  from  the  surface,  the  hole  yet  went 
down  :  in  other  words  the  plaster  had  set  before  it  reached  the  bottom. 
Other  casts  ran  down  47^  and  5o}4  inches,  respectively,  and  at  the 
bottom  of  the  holes  bees  were  fomid. 

April  19th  it  rained,  but  on  the  20th  digging  was  renewed  and  one 
burrow  was  followed  down  58  inches.  Two  bees  were  found  in  the 
bottom  of  one  of  these  holes.  Additional  casts  were  made  and  were 
dug  out  from  time  to  time,  until  well  along  in  May,  and  at  this  time 
no  two  casts  were  alike.  There  was  always  the  deep  vertical  extend- 
ing down  from  forty-five  to  sixty  inches.  Beginning  about  six  or 
eight  inches  from  the  top,  lateral  burrows  might  be  expected,  running 
at  right  angles  an  inch  or  two  and  then  broadening  out  into  a  circular 
chamber  about  three-sixteenth  inch  in  height,  variable  in  diameter. 
From  this  chamber  a  variable  number  of  verticals  extended  down  a 
variable  distance — sometimes  only  half  an  inch,  more  generally  an 
inch,  and  almost  always  one  or  two  were  much  deeper.  Occasionally 
one  of  these  verticals  was  extended  down  several  inches,  and  it  might 
even  run  off  diagonally  ;  though  this  was  rare.  So  we  found  a  few 
cases  where  the  circular  chamber  was  omitted  and  there  was  an  irregu- 
lar branching  off  from  the  lateral.  There  seemed  neither  rhyme  nor 
reason  in  the  differences  and  we  were  totally  unable  to  find  any  traces 
of  bees  having  developed  anywhere  in  the  burrows  or  the  cells  con- 
nected with  them.  So  the  number  of  laterals  and  cell  clusters  varied. 
Usually  there  were  two  ;  not  infrequently  there  were  three  and  rarely 
there  was  a  fourth.  Below  18  inches  we  never  expected  to  find  cell 
clusters  ;  but  sometimes  there  were  irregular  chambers  forming  little 
fingers  in  the  casts,  which  might  be  found  at  almost  any  depth.  The 
longest  burrow  measured  extended  64  inches  down  ;  through  a  layer 
of  sand,  through  a  soft  yellow  clay  into  a  stratum  of  hard  red  clay  in- 
termixed with  iron,  through  this  clay  and  through  an  eight-inch  layer 
of  sea  sand  it  went  through  clay  and  hard  gravel  to  water-bearing  sand 
beneath.  In  one  case  eight  bees  were  found  piled  one  above  the  other 
nearly  five  feet  under  ground.  When  brought  to  the  surface  they 
were  torpid  and  did  not  resent  handling  ;  but  they  became  active  very 
(juickly  in  the  bright  sunlight  and  started  flight  when  allowed  to  do  so. 

Of  one  thing  we  were  of  course  certain:  all  these  burrows  had 
been  made  in  1S97  ;  but  why  were  so  many  bees  in  one  home,  and 
why  was  there  no  trace  of  breeding?     All  the  specimens  were  females. 


64  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.          [Voi.  ix. 

and  it  did  not  seem  reasonable  to  consider  them  as  the  brood  that  had 
been  born  in  the  system  where  they  were  found.  There  were  too  many 
complicated  burrows  with  only  a  single  bee,   to  make   this  probable. 

May  13th  I  reached  Lahaway  to  find  a  "  bee  mine  "  well  estab- 
lished. It  was  six  feet  deep,  with  three  perpendicular  faces,  the 
fourth  side  sloped  for  convenience  in  getting  out.  The  process  was, 
first  clear  a  space  in  front  of  one  of  the  perpendicular  faces,  usually 
about  18  inches  square,  by  cutting  off  with  a  large  trowel  two  inches 
of  top  surface.  So  full  of  holes  was  the  ground  here  that  anywhere 
from  six  to  a  dozen  openings  would  be  exposed  in  this  area  and  of 
these  three  or  four  would  be  plaster  filled.  Usually  24  hours  were 
allowed  for  the  plaster  to  set ;  but  sometimes  casts  made  in  the  morn- 
ing were  taken  out  that  same  afternoon.  Though  every  hole  was  not 
plastered,  yet  every  one  on  the  way  to  the  casts  was  investigated. 
With  a  broad  trowel  the  sandy  face  of  the  pit  was  sliced  back  until  a 
perpendicular  was  reached  :  then  a  small,  sharp  trowel  came  into 
service  to  follow  it  carefully  down,  so  as  to  expose  all  laterals  and  cell 
clusters.  These  in  turn  were  investigated  by  a  thin  palette  knife,  so 
that  we  had  clearly  before  us  the  whole  digging  record.  Perpendic- 
ulars were  rarely  followed  below  two  feet,  because  experience  had 
taught  us  that  no  laterals  or  cell  clusters  were  to  be  expected  below 
that  point.  Unless  we  wanted  bees,  the  end  of  the  burrow  was  neg- 
lected. 

A  notable  fact  in  comparison  with  the  diggings  of  Col  let  cs  coiv- 
pacta  was  that  those  of  the  Aui^vchhra  were  perfectly  clean  and  ojjen 
to  the  bottom,  though  covered  with  sand  above.  Not  a  trace  of  top 
sand  was  ever  found  at  the  bottom  of  the  tube,  where  care  had  been 
taken  to  prevent  its  entrace  from  our  own  operations. 

When  a  cast  was  approached  within  three  inches,  the  small  trowel 
was  carefully  used  to  reach  the  perpendicular,  for  we  could  never  tell 
to  which  side  a  cell  cluster  would  be  found.  From  the  top  down  the 
knife  was  used  to  bare  the  white  cast,  small  slices  only  being  made 
downward  until  the  direction  of  the  first  lateral  was  discovered.  If 
it  ran  to  either  side,  matters  were  easy,  for  the  cluster  could  be  left 
untouched  and  the  perpendicular  followed  down  until  the  next  cluster 
was  located.  When  none  was  discovered  at  twelve  inches  from  the 
top  we  felt  very  certain  that  it  went  off  backward,  which  was  also  a  sat- 
isfactory condition.  Where  a  large  cluster  projected  straight  out  for- 
ward matters  were   more  troublesome  for  a  support   must   be    left   for 


June,  1901.]  Smith  :    On  Some  Digger  Bees.  55 

this  cluster  from  the  side  or  below,  otherwise  it  would  break  by  its 
own  weight  and  fall  into  the  pit.  This  actually  happened  more  than 
once.  Of  course  as  the  pit  filled  from  the  sand  scraped  off  its  side,  it 
was  shovelled  out  from  time  to  time  to  afford  working  room.  Fin- 
ally, when  the  plaster-filled  tube  was  laid  bare  for  its  full  length,  ar- 
rangements could  be  made  to  take  it  out  ;  which  was  a  decidedly  tick- 
lish task.  As  the  sand  was  moist,  the  cast  naturally  could  not  dry 
out  completely  nor  the  plaster  set  hard.  It  had  a  chalky  appearance 
and  feeling,  and  snapped  in  the  most  unexpected  places  in  the  most 
disconcerting  manner.  I  have  bared  a  perfect  cast,  lifted  it  out  care- 
fully and  held  it  safe  upright  ;  but  attempting  to  incline  it  so  as  to 
rest  against  a  sunny  slope,  the  whole  thing  collapsed,  breaking  into 
many  pieces — to  the  great  damage  of  my  soul's  weal,  unless  the  re- 
cording angel  kindly  closed  his  or  her  ears  temporarily.  After  a 
number  of  similar  mishaps  we  decided  to  take  the  matter  into  our  own 
hands,  make  no  attempt  to  get  perfect  casts,  but  break  them  where  we 
judged  most  desirable.  Usually,  therefore,  the  perpendicular  was 
broken  about  six  inches  below  the  lower  cluster  and  this  left  us  any- 
where from  20  to  30  inches  of  one-fourth  inch  pipe  stem  which 
could  be  laid  down  on  the  warm  sand  to  dry  out.  The  second  break 
was  usually  made  below  the  first  cell  cluster  and  after  that  it  depended 
on  circumstances.  A  reference  to  Plate  IV,  Figs.  16  and  17,  will  show 
the  general  appearance  of  the  casts  secured  at  this  time  and  also  the 
difficulty  of  securing  a  structure  like  this  in  one  piece.  Of  course  all 
the  parts  of  one  cast  were  carefully  kept  together  and  usually  notes 
were  made  at  the  time,  detailing  the  number  of  clusters,  etc. 

All  the  work  done  by  Mr.  Brakeley  was  elaborately  noted.  Every 
cast  had  a  stick  bearing  a  number  and  the  quantity  in  ounces  of 
plaster  that  had  been  poured  in.  This  was  useful  as  indicating  a 
simple  or  a  complicated  system  and  was  to  some  extent  a  guide  in 
the  digging  operations.  After  an  hour  in  the  hot  sun  or  dry  sand,  the 
casts  were  much  more  safely  handled  and  much  lighter.  They  were 
then  laid  carefully  into  a  box  especially  made  for  that  purpose  and 
carried  to  the  house. 

Incidentally,  it  may  be  noted  that  the  bee  mines  were  from  one- 
fourth  to  one-half  miles  away  from  the  house  and  that  everything, 
including  the  water,  had  to  be  carried  out  and  back  again.  What 
with  graduates,  plaster,  jars  and  other  paraphernalia  for  digging,  this 
made  quite  a  load. 


56  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Arrived  at  the  house  the  casts  were  laid  out  on  boards,  each  series 
by  itself,  with  its  stick  and  head  mark,  and  in  the  evening  they  were 
dry  enough  and  hard  enough  to  clean.  Of  course  the  round,  simple 
perpendiculars  could  be  easily  cleared  of  the  adherent  sand  by  a  stiff 
brush  ;  but  the  cell  clusters  were  usually  a  mass  of  sand  and  clay,  and 
it  was  utterly  impossible  to  tell  what  would  come  forth  out  of  the 
lump.  Dissecting  needles  and  small  brushes  came  into  play  here, 
and  it  was  sometimes  close  to  midnight  before  a  day's  field  work 
would  be  finally  laid  out  so  as  to  show  a  proper  record.  When 
working  alone,  Mr.  Brakeley  made  full  notes  of  all  that  was  done 
and  seen  and  these  notes,  which  gave  as  clear  a  picture  as  personal 
observation  could  have  done,  were  sent  me  with  the  casts. 

The  first  blue  bee  was  noticed  by  Mr.  Brakeley,  May  ist,  on  flowers 
and  thereafter  an  occasional  specimen  was  seen.  After  a  day  or  two 
of  pleasant  weather,  May  14th  proved  one  of  those  hot,  sunny  spring 
days  that  seem  to  have  an  electric  power  to  start  into  activity  all  liv- 
ing creatures.  This  day  terminated  the  hibernating  period  of  Augo- 
chlora  and  sent  them  out  among  the  flowers  with  a  rush.  The  air  was 
full  of  life,  and  bees  were  hovering  over  the  sand  in  every  direction. 

Now  it  might  be  supposed  that,  having  spent  several  months  un- 
derground, the  insects  would  enjoy  themselves  a  trifle  in  the  sunshine, 
and  would  assume  family  cares  only  after  due  deliberation,  first  clear- 
ing up  and  restoring  their  winter  quarters  into  summer  freshness  ;  but 
being  ladies,  they  did  nothing  of  the  kind.  Hardly  taking  time  for 
a  full  meal,  each  individual  began  at  once  to  dig  a  new  burrow,  dis- 
appearing beneath  the  surface  in  a  moment  and  indicating  progress  by 
the  gradual  forcing  up  of  a  little  heap  of  sand.  It  is  a  fact  that  not 
one  of  the  bees  returned  to  the  hibernating  burrow  and,  despite  the 
fact  that  the  ground  was  fairly  riddled  with  available  perpendiculars 
from  which  new  laterals  could  be  driven,  not  one  was  so  used.  For 
every  bee  there  was  a  new  burrow.  Their  method  was  to  fly  restlessly 
here  and  there  over  the  sand,  hover  for  a  few  moments  at  one  point, 
then  at  another  and,  finally  as  by  a  sudden  resolve,  drop  to  the  sur- 
face and  disappear.  It  was  all  done  in  a  moment  and  a  brilliant 
metallic  greenish  or  bluish  bee,  seemed  changed  into  a  little  heaving 
mound  of  sand.  Then  even  this  motion  stopped  for  a  few  moments 
until  a  sudden  heave  forced  out  a  little  lump  of  sand,  and  the  new 
burrow  was  fairly  begun.  At  this  time  the  digging  is  done  chiefly 
with  the  fore-letrs  which  loosen  the  sand  and  force  it  back  a  little. 


June,  igoi.]  SmITH  :     On    SoME    DiGGER    BeES.  57 

Then  the  bee  pushes  forward,  turns  a  complete  sumersault  at  the 
extreme  end  of  the  burrow  and  with  its  head  forces  the  sand  to  the 
surface. 

The  front  leg  of  Atii:;oc]ilora  humeralis  is  shown  at  Plate  III,  Fig. 
I,  and,  as  compared  with  the  middle  and  hind  legs  (Figs.  3  and  5), 
differs  by  the  lack  of  hair  or  other  apparent  vestiture.  There  is  no 
distinctive  digging  structure  ;  but  the  sand  in  which  they  work  is 
generally  soft  and  when  obstacles  are  encountered  the  mandibles  (Fig. 
10)  are  brought  in  to  assist.  Femur  and  tibia  are  of  almost  equal  size 
and  very  powerful.  Before  the  end  of  the  tibia  is  an  articulated  spur 
or  process,  toothed  and  forming  a  cover  to  a  notch  in  the  first  tarsal 
joint.  This  is,  of  course,  the  antenna  cleaner,  and  it  is  shown,  more 
enlarged,  at  Fig.  2.  The  claws  at  the  end  of  the  fore  tarsus  are 
different  from  those  on  the  other  feet  in  that  they  are  longer,  more 
flattened,  and  inclosed  for  more  than  half  their  length  in  a  membrane- 
ous sheath,  leaving  only  the  teeth  projecting.  Whether  the  claws  can 
be  completely  withdrawn  within  this  sheath,  I  do  not  know. 

May  15th  was  an  unpleasant,  rainy  day  on  which  no  bees  were  fly- 
ing ;  but  the  i6th  was  again  pleasant  and  on  this  day  the  first  cast  was 
made  by  Mr.  Brakeley  of  one  of  the  new  burrows  on  a  field  where  the 
bees  were  seen  earliest.  It  was  observed,  first  of  all,  before  the  casts 
were  made,  that  the  mounds  were  never  open  on  the  surface  as  in 
Colletes.  That  active  work  was  going  on  could  be  seen  by  the 
increase  in  the  size  of  the  mound  and  the  difference  in  the  color  of 
the  sand  and  clay  brought  up  ;  but  all  the  work  seemed  to  be  done  at 
night.  During  the  day  everything  remained  undisturbed  ;  but  next 
morning  every  mound  showed  fresh,  moist,  colored  sand  or  clay, 
showing  just  where  the  insect  had  reached  in  its  digging.  As  a  matter 
of  fact  the  mounds  never  increased  very  much  in  size.  The  hot  sun 
of  midday  day  dried  them  to  a  powder  and  any  little  breeze  over  the 
surface  carried  off  a  portion  to  be  spread  evenly  over  the  surrounding 
surface  ;  a  rain  levelled  the  whole  to  the  surface. 

The  first  cast  was  only  12  inches  deep,  but  developed  a  new 
feature  :  the  insects  do  not  start  at  the  top  and  go  straight  down  ! 
To  make  the  cast  the  sand  was  cleared  out  of  the  center  of  the  mound 
until  a  clean  opening  was  obtained.  The  resulting  cast  was  like  Fig. 
18  above  the  first  cell  cluster.  It  proved  from  this  and  other  casts 
and  diggings,  that  at  first  the  bee  digs  diagonally  a  distance  of  three 
or  four  inches,  to  get  about  an  inch  and  a  half  below  the  surface  ;  then 


58  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

she  digs  down  vertically  and  runs  the  vertical  up  to  the  surface.  But  the 
opening  to  this  vertical  she  keeps  carefully  closed  so  that  not  a  sign  of 
it  appears  to  casual  view.  Furthermore,  in  almost  every  case  the  per- 
pendicular comes  up  under  some  bit  of  natural  protection — lichen, 
moss,  grass  tuft  or  anything  else  in  fact.  The  object  of  the  hovering 
search  by  the  bees  is  now  apparent  ;  they  are  seeking  some  place  that 
affords  a  natural  protection  to  the  real  entrance  to  the  nest  and  the 
surface  mound  does  not  indicate  this  entrance  within  four  inches  in 
any  direction.  Plate  IV,  Fig.  19,  shows  a  diagrammatic  section  of 
the  entrance  to  the  burrow.  It  is  obvious  that  the  perpendicular 
might  be  fully  eight  inches  from  its  present  location  by  removal  to  the 
exactly  opposite  side  of  the  mound  ;  therefore  the  surface  mound  does 
not  indicate  within  6  or  8  inches  the  real  entrance  to  the  burrow. 
At  first  the  casts  were  made  through  the  oblique  entrance  ;  but  when 
it  was  found  that  the  habit  was  uniform  and  that  obstructions  in  the 
oblique  arm  often  interfered  with  casting,  it  was  decided  to  hunt  up 
the  perpendicular  and  cast  into  that.  This  was  not  so  difficult  after  a 
time,  for  as  soon  as  a  little  careful  dissecting  with  the  palette  knife 
showed  the  direction  of  the  perpendicular,  one  could  be  sure  of  find- 
ing it  under  the  nearest  natural  shelter.  There  was  always  a  plug 
closing  this  opening  except  when  the  bee  was  out  seeking  stock  for  its 
cells.  Therefore  it  became  easy  in  time  to  ascertain  whether  the 
owner  was  or  was  not  at  home.  If  we  found  everything  tightly 
closed,  we  could  take  it  for  granted  that  the  bee  was  at  home  ;  but 
was  not  at  all  disposed  so  receive  company.  Frequently  we  dropped 
a  little  pebble  or  a  pinch  of  surface  sand  into  the  opening  and  awaited 
events.  In  a  very  few  moments  the  owner  appeared  at  the  surface, 
rarely  bringing  out  more  than  half  her  body,  looked  wildly  around  in 
every  direction,  tried  the  edges  of  the  burrow  with  her  antenni^  and 
then  disappeared  from  view — only  for  a  few  seconds  however.  In  an 
incredibly  short  time  she  re-appeared  bearing  a  load  of  clay  which  she 
slapped  into  place  at  one  edge  and  dived  down  for  more.  In  two  or 
three  loads  she  had  enough  to  completely  shut  the  door.  At  first  the  dis- 
colored fresh  clay  was  rather  prominent  :  but  in  a  short  time  the  sun  or 
drying  wind  had  lessened  the  contrast  so  that  it  did  not  attract  attention. 
Sometimes  we  found  the  door  open,  but  not  widely.  That  is, 
though  the  gallery  was  fully  one-fourth  inch  in  diameter,  the  opening 
through  which  the  bee  came  out  was  not  much  if  any  more  than  half 
that,  just  large  enough  for  the  insect  to  get  in  and  out. 


June,  igoi.]  Smith  :    On  Some  Digger  Bees  .  5!) 

The  method  of  digging  is  interesting  and  was  studied  on  a  number 
of  examples  confined  in  glass  tubes.  The  fore  legs  were  used  to  scrape 
up  material  which  was  made  into  a  lump  clasped  between  the  aI)domen, 
breast  and  middle  and  hind  femora.  Then  the  insect  crawled  up 
actively  but  awkwardly,  moving  middle  and  hind  legs  as  little  as  pos- 
sible and  confining  the  motion  to  the  tibiae  and  tarsi.  Arrived  at  the 
surface  or  dumping  ground  the  load  was  deposited  in  place  by  turning 
a  complete  sumersault  and  then  diving  down  into  the  burrow  head 
first.  \\'hen  it  was  a  matter  of  closing  the  opening,  the  upper  surface 
of  the  abdomen  was  used  to  press  each  load  into  place,  but  everything 
was  done  so  rapidly  that  it  all  seemed  part  of  one  motion. 

The  bee  is  intensely  and  nervously  active  at  all  times  when  ob- 
served. It  is  never  quiet  a  moment,  but  bustles  about  as  if  every 
second  counted  for  much.  Antennce,  legs  and  palpi  are  always  in 
motion,  whether  in  the  burrow  or  on  a  flower,  gathering  pollen.  It 
gives  the  impression  of  nervous  haste,  yet  the  haste  seems  well  directed 
and  effective,  no  false  moves  or  motions  being  apparent. 

The  antennae  of  the  female  are  rather  short  and  a  little  stouter 
than  those  of  the  male,  being  represented  at  Fig.  9  of  Plate  III. 
The  scape  is  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  funicle,  or  one-third  of  the 
entire  antenna.  Joint  2  is  longer  and  more  slender  than  the  two  next 
following,  and  these — 2,  3  and  4 — are  smooth,  sparsely  punctured  and 
only  thinly  pubescent.  Joints  5-12  are  stouter  and  gradually  increase 
in  length,  12  being  almost  as  long  as  10  and  11  combined,  and  longer 
than  any  other  two  joints  in  the  antenna.  These  joints — 5  to  12 — 
are  densely  punctured  and  pubescent,  the  surface  sensitive  and  opaque, 
especially  toward  tip. 

It  has  been  stated  that,  after  making  sure  that  the  oblique  entrance 
was  an  invariable  habit,  casts  were  made  directly  into  the  perpendicu- 
lar because  the  former  was  often  obstructed.  We  found  this  especially 
in  the  afternoon  and  finally  concluded  that  the  insect  used  this  gallery 
as  a  storehouse  for  sand  rained  during  the  day.  It  had  been  noted  be- 
fore this  that  the  sand-heaps  were  all  fresh  each  morning,  new  material 
still  damp  being  found  on  every  active  hill.  No  such  fresh  material 
was  seen  at  any  time  during  the  day,  nor  were  the  bees  ever  seen  forc- 
ing out  sand — everything  of  that  kind  was  done  at  night.  We  con- 
cluded, therefore,  that  what  the  bee  brought  up  during  the  day,  was 
stored  until  night  and  then  forced  out  through  the  felse  mouth.  At 
times  digging  will  cease  altogether.      For  instance,  on  one  occasion  a 


60  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi  ix. 

heavy  rain  beat  all  the  mounds  over  a  noted  area,  perfectl}^  flat.  For 
five  days  thereafter  there  was  no  external  sign  of  work  done,  but  after 
that  everything  went  on  in  the  usual  way.  The  ordinary  rate  of  prog- 
ress is  about  five  inches  each  day. 

For  several  days  after  May  i6th  bees  began  digging  in  increasing 
numbers,  and  May  24th,  Mr.  Brakeley  wrote  "As  for  old  Cock-Robin 
Park  mine  it  is  a  sight — a  horrible  upheaving  of  the  underneath — and 
for  20  or  30  feet  all  around  the  hole  the  ground  looks  as  if  it  had  a 
bad  case  of  hives." 

When  the  perpendicular  is  from  20  to  24  inches  down,  laterals  are 
made  and  cell  clusters  are  begun.  May  2  2d,  two  casts  were  made. 
No.  I  showed  a  depth  of  211.4  inches  and  one  cell  cluster.  The 
second  was  down  24  inches  and  had  two  cell  clusters.  This  cast  is 
fairly  represented  by  Fig.  18  on  Plate  IV  and  it  also  illustrates  the 
average  system  of  a  breeding  burrow.  There  are  rarely  more  than 
two  cell  clusters  ;   but  the  number  of  cells  in  the  clusters  varies. 

A  section  of  a  cell  cluster  containing  only  a  single  brood  cell  is 
shown  at  Fig.  22  (Plate  IV),  and  many  of  the  earliest  clustery 
were  of  this  type.  After  driving  a  round  lateral  back  about  an  inch 
and  a  half,  the  insect  expands  it  into  a  circular  chamber,  varying  in 
diameter  and  in  the  center  of  this  she  digs  a  single  cell  somewhat 
barrel  shaped  and  about  three-fourth  inch  in  depth.  This  cell  is  clay- 
lined  on  the  inside  and  carefully  smoothed  down.  Usually  there  is 
clay  in  the  tube  which  she  is  digging  ;  but  if  not,  the  bee  digs  out  a 
little  pocket  as  shown  near  the  bottom  of  Fig.  18  (Plate  IV),  and 
thus  obtains  the  material  for  finishing  up  her  cradle.  After  this  cen- 
tral cell  is  completed  she  digs  a  series  of  four  or  five  around  it,  and  of 
the  same  depth.  These  are  not  at  first  clay-lined  but  are  left  while 
the  insect  secures  pollen  to  store  the  central  cell.  The  pollen  is 
formed  into  a  round  loaf,  plano-convex  in  section,  dry  and  firmly 
compacted.  Upon  this  an  egg  is  laid  as  shown  in  the  figure.  The 
cell  is  closed  with  a  capping  of  clay,  and  the  mother's  work  on  this  is 
done.  Now  the  insect  may  either  make  brood  cells  of  two  or  of  all 
of  the  surrounding  cavities  or  she  may  leave  them  open  and  unfilled. 
If  she  does  the  latter  she  deepens  and  curves  them  under  the  central 
cell  until  they  nearly  meet.  In  this  way  there  is  an  almost  continuous 
space  all  around  the  brood  cell,  only  enough  material  being  left  to 
support  the  structure.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  she  decides  to  turn 
others  of  these  into  brood  cells,  she  enlarges  the  chamber  accordingly 


June,  1901.]  .        Smith  :    On  Some  Digger  Befs.  61 

and  digs  other  cells  until  the  two  or  the  five  as  the  case  may  be  are 
completely  surrounded  by  empty  cells.  At  Fig.  21  (Plate  IV),  we 
have  a  5 -cell  cluster  drawn  from  photograph  which  shows  how  such  a 
series  is  arranged.  The  five  brood  cells  were  capped  and  of  course 
the  plaster  could  not  get  into  them  ;  but  it  did  get  into  the  sur- 
rounding air  spaces,  and  w^hen  the  cast  was  dug  out  the  plaster  prac- 
tically inclosed  the  brood  cells  and  their  contents.  The  photograph 
shows  that  the  plaster  broke  down  and  distorted  the  narrow  partitions 
between  the  cells,  two  being  run  into  one  near  the  lateral  running  to 
the  main  burrow.  These  marginal  cells  had  been  continued  beneath 
the  brood  cells,  and  the  plaster  has  been  trimmed  away  with  a  pen 
knife  to  expose  the  cells.  It  will  be  readily  seen  that  in  this  way  the 
casts  preserved  safely  all  the  contents  of  the  capped  cells  and  we  could 
examine  the  clusters  at  our  leisure  and  trim  out  the  insides  whenever 
we  wished;   usually  this  was  part  of  the  evening's  work. 

The  first  pollen-loaded  bee  was  seen  May  24,  by  Mr.  Brakeley. 
Bees  were  yet  coming  out  of  winter  quarters  and  beginning  new  bur- 
rows on  May  26th,  though  on  the  28th  some  of  the  casts  showed 
three  cell  clusters.  This  shows  the  enormous  activity  of  the  insects, 
the  older  series  of  which  was  now  down  from  28  to  33  inches  only  ten 
days  after  the  real  beginning  of  the  season. 

Specimens  of  bees  taken  from  the  new  burrows  May  25th,  26th  and 
27th  reached  me  May  31st,  and  all  of  these  were  dissected.  All  were 
females  and  in  all  the  ovaries  showed  developing  ova.  Usually  there 
was  a  tolerably  equal  increase  of  size  on  both  sides  ;  but  in  some  cases 
the  ovary  on  one  side  was  much  larger  than  that  on  the  other,  due  al- 
ways to  the  fact  that  one  egg  was  reaching  maturity.  The  greatest 
development  was  four  on  one  side,  a  single  one  on  the  other,  all  of 
about  equal  size.  In  this  species  there  are  4  ovarian  tubes,  and  in  each 
tube  2  cells  or  eggs  that  seem  likely  to  develop.  It  seems  thus  as  if 
the  insect  might  lay  16  eggs;  but  I  doubt  if  any  of  them  ever  do 
place  so  many.  The  greatest  number  of  brood  cells  that  we  ever 
found  connected  Avith  any  one  cast,  apparently  placed  by  a  single  indi- 
vidual, was  15  and  I  much  doubt  whether  any  bee  ever  fills  more  than 
that.  Six  or  seven  filled  cells  to  a  single  burrow  is  about  an  average, 
quite  a  number  containing  only  two.  This  was  not  due  to  interfer- 
ference  or  incomplete  work  :  such  cases  occurred  constantly,  of  course  ; 
but  we  never  counted  them  in  our  estimate.  A  cluster  was  complete 
when  the  cells  surrounding  the  brood  cell  or  cells  were  continued  be- 


62  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [VoI.  ix. 

low  the  latter  as  shown  in  Fig.  22,  Plate  l\.  In  such  cases  these 
surrounding  spaces  could  never  be  made  over  into  brood  cells  and  of 
course  the  work  was  ended. 

So  far  as  my  dis.seclion  of  the  bees  could  tell  us  there  had  been  no 
egg-laying  up  to  May  28th.  Incidentally  this  examination  developed 
uniformly,  an  empty  alimentary  tract.  Apparently  these  insects  do 
not  feed  at  all  after  they  have  once  begun  digging  and  until  they  be- 
gin to  store  the  cells.  The  mouth  parts  themselves  are  small,  except 
for  the  mandibles  which  are  shown  at  Fig.  10,  Plate  IV.  The  max- 
illa is  reduced  to  a  single-jointed,  scoop-shaped  galea,  below  which  is 
attached  a  well-developed,  6-jointed  palpus.  The  tip  of  this  maxillary 
structure  and  the  appearance  of  the  palpus,  is  shown  at  Fig.  13, 
Plate  III.  The  labium  is  slender  and  has  at  the  tip  a  small  pointed 
ligula  or  tongue  set  with  rather  long,  fine  hair  along  transverse  ridg- 
ings  or  markings.  The  paraglossia  are  small,  membraneous  lateral 
processes  which  do  not  reach  the  middle  of  the  ligula  and  seem  to  be 
scarcely  functional.  The  labial  palpi  are  also  small,  four-jointed,  the 
segments  decreasing  in  size  toward  the  tip  and  not  set  with  sensory 
structures  save  a  few,  irregularly  placed,  pitted  hairs.  This  structure 
is  shown  at  Fig.  12,  Plate  III. 

June  2d,  clay-lined  cells  were  found  for  the  first  time  and  now  in 
some  cases  the  reduced  number  of  cell  casts  pointed  to  capped  cells. 
But  none  of  these  were  observed  and  it  is  perhaps  a  question  whether 
some  other  causes  did  not  interfere  with  the  perfection  of  the  casts. 

June  4th  and  5th  I  spent  at  Lahaway  in  the  bee  mines,  for  there  were 
now  two  of  them  operated  by  Mr.  Brakeley.  No  loaded  cells  were 
found,  though  quite  a  number  were  now  clay-lined,  apparently  ready 
for  stocking.  Very  few  bees  were  observed  on  the  wing  and  none  of 
these  were  pollen-laden.  Search  among  the  flowers  in  the  vicinity 
failed  to  show  even  a  single  Augoclilora  hiivieralis.  Thousands  of  the 
insects  about,  yet  not  one  feeding  and  not  one  to  be  obtained  by 
ordinary  collecting. 

June  7th,  pollen-carrying  was  in  full  swing  and  the  bees  were  as 
active  as  they  had  been  at  digging  shortly  before.  June  loth  they 
were  still  hard  at  work,  and  now  the  direct  opening  to  the  perpen- 
dicular was  in  constant  use,  as  often  open  as  closed.  Yet  invariably,  as 
soon  as  a  pollen-laden  bee  entered  her  burrow,  she  reappeared  in  a 
few  moments  with  a  load  of  clay  and  closed  the  door.  No  attempt 
to  close  was  made  by  the  bee  on  leaving  home  though,  theoretically. 


June,  1901.]  Smith  :    On  Some  Digger  Bees.  63 

the  danger  should  be  much  greater  during  the  mother's  absence  than 
when  she  is  present.  Practically  there  is  nothing  to  ])revent  a  para- 
site or  predaceous  species  from  walking  right  into  the  burrow  and 
cleaning  out  the  whole  nest  contents.  No  casts  were  made  between 
June  5th  and  nth,  and  there  came  thus  an  unfortunate  blank. 

June  nth,  cast  i,  poured  into  an  open  perpendicular  ran  down  27^4 
inches  and  had  2  cell  clusters,  one  of  six  and  one  of  five  brood  cells. 
In  one  of  these  was  a  pollen  cake.  Cast  2  had  only  one  cell  cluster. 
In  this  was  one  empty,  clay-lined  cell,  and  one  containing  a  pollen 
cake  with  an  egg  on  it.  This  was  the  first  completed  brood  cell  met 
with.  Cast  3  had  a  perpendicular  running  down  3034  inches.  There 
was  one  cluster  of  three  brood  cells  :  the  first  was  clay-lined,  empty  ; 
the  second  had  a  fully  completed  pollen  cake  ;  the  third  had  also  an 
egg  and  was  capped. 

Cast  4  ran  down  28  inches  and  had  one  claw  cluster  with  three 
brood  cells.  One  of  these  was  empty,  the  other  two  were  completed 
and  with  caps. 

Cast  5  had  two  cell  clusters,  upper  with  three,  lower  with  two  brood 
cells  and  all  completed  with  pollen,  egg  and  cover. 

June  13th,  cut  back  along  the  face  of  one  of  the  walls  of  the  bee 
mine  until  a  new  burrow  was  reached  and  this  was  followed  dowai  care- 
fully to  observe  the  normal  condition  of  affairs.  There  were  two  cell 
clusters,  one  at  y^.^?  one  at  Sy^  inches.  The  first  contained  one 
completed  cell  with  pollen  and  egg.  The  second  had  three  brood  cells, 
one  empty,  one  fully  loaded  and  sealed,  the  third  with  a  recently 
hatched  larva.  The  empty  cell  had  been  recently  clay-lined  and  in- 
dicated that  the  bee  moistened  the  material  with  saliva  or  some  other 
secretion.  At  all  events  the  moisture  penetrated  to  a  little  distance 
into  the  sand  and  seemed  to  harden  it.  Probably,  when  working  in 
clay  or  a  soil  containing  clay,  this  hardening  mixture  is  all  that  is 
needed.  In  fact  in  some  cases  observed  I  feel  certain  that  just  this 
was  done  and  no  more. 

June  15th,  a  number  of  hatched  larvae  were  found  and  then  comes 
a  break,  due  to  the  death  of  Mr.  Brakeley's  father,  until  June  30th, 
when  I  took  up  the  observations  myself.  This  makes  a  break  during 
the  period  of  development  of  the  larva  and,  as  pupte  were  found  on 
the  30th,  there  is  no  certainty  as  to  the  shortest  period  between  the 
beginning  of  the  larval  and  the  pupal  stage.  It  is  certainly  not  over 
15  days. 


64  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

The  pollen  used  to  store  the  cells  is  gathered  upon  the  middle  and 
hind  legs  and  upon  the  entire  breast  and  base  of  abdomen  of  the  in- 
sect. The  middle  leg  is  seen  at  Fig.  3,  Plate  III,  and  is  only  a  little 
larger  than  the  anterior  ;  the  coxa  however  is  much  more  developed 
and  the  entire  member  is  covered  with  hair,  forming  a  fringe  at  the 
sides,  with  points  inward.  The  femur  is  grooved  inferiorly  for  the 
reception  of  the  tibia.  The  tibia  is  quite  a  little  dilated  below  the 
middle,  and  at  the  tip  is  a  single  spur  with  toothed  edges,  shown  at 
Fig.  4  on  Plate  III.  The  claws  are  large  and  strongly  toothed.  The 
posterior  leg,  shown  at  Fig.  5,  Plate  III,  is  much  longer  and  stronger 
than  either  of  the  others  and  also  hairy  throughout.  In  a  general  way 
the  tendency  is  to  a  fringing  of  long,  stout  compound  hairs  directed 
inward  to  form  a  support  to  the  pollen  mass  when  gathered.  There 
is  no  specialized  basket  as  in  the  case  of  the  honey  bee,  and  this  species 
makes  no  attempt  to  gather  the  collected  pollen  into  one  mass  :  when 
it  flies  into  its  burrow  it  is  yellow  where  there  is  a  hair  to  hold  the  load. 
The  tibia  has  two  dissimilar  spurs  at  the  tip,  shown  at  Fig.  6,  Plate 
III.  One  of  these  is  really  pectinated  or  comb-toothed,  forming  four 
four  long  dents,  while  the  other  has  the  edges  narrowly  serrated. 

The  first  tarsal  joint  is  longer  than  all  the  others  combined,  is  also 
clothed  with  compound  hairs  and  has  the  tip  prolonged  at  the  outer 
angle  into  a  soft,  curved  process. 

The  general  structure  of  the  claws  of  the  middle  and  posterior  tarsi 
is  shown  at 'Fig.  8,  Plate  III.  In  general  the  claws  are  longer  and 
more  slender,  the  teeth  less  prominent  than  on  the  middle  pair. 
Otherwise,  and  in  the  central  structure  between  the  claws  the  two  pairs 
are  alike. 

Reference  has  been  made  to  compound  hairs.  Of  these  there  are 
two  types  in  the  clothing  of  the  insect.  The  general  covering  of  the 
functional  parts  of  the  insect  is  made  up  of  palmate  hairs :  hairs  with 
a  flat  shank,  divided  into  from  three  to  ten  flagellaj  or  whips,  shown 
at  Fig.  II,  Plate  III.  In  my  Annual  Report  for  1S95,  to  the  New 
Jersey  Agricultural  College  Experiment  Station,  I  gave  on  a  half-tone 
plate.  Fig.  47,  a  reproduction  from  a  micro-photograph  showing  the 
compound  hair  of  Ai:;cpostei)ioii  and  Aui^och/ora;  both  being  of  the 
same  general  type.  Not  all  the  hair  is  of  this  kind  :  the  longer  hair 
at  the  edge  of  the  tibite  has  a  straight  shank  with  many  shorter  or 
longer  branches  ;  but  it  is  not  palmate.  1  have  already  stated  that 
there  is  no  specialized   jjoUen   basket   and  when   gathering   pollen   the 


June,  1901.]  Smith  :    On  Soimr  Digger  Bees.  65 

insect  simply  rolls  itself  in  the  flower  that  the  pollen  may  adhere  to 
the  mesh  of  interlacing  branches  of  hair.  This  habit  would  seem  to 
make  it  an  effective  pollenizer  for  fruits  ;  but  unfortunately  no  obser- 
vations were  made  as  to  the  kinds  of  flowers  visited  :  therefore,  I  am 
unable  to  say  at  present  whether  the  insect  is  of  economic  importance 
or  not.  I  do  know  that  the  contrast  between  the  yellow  pollen  and 
the  metallic  color  of  the  insect  is  very  striking  and  identifies  the  stor- 
ing specimen  at  a  glance. 

June  30th,  I  made  seven  casts  in  bee  mine  No.  2,  of  which  two 
were  accidentally  spoiled.  All  of  these  were  made  close  to  the  point 
where  the  digging  was  done  on  the  previous  visit,  and  all  were  taken 
out  the  same  day.  In  addition,  I  also  took  out  a  number  of  larv?e, 
pupK,  pollen  cakes  and  eggs  from  the  pit  next  to  where  the  casts  were 
made.  The  main  object  of  this  digging  was  to  obtain  specimens  ; 
but  incidentally  it  was  noted  that  always,  in  the  upper  cluster,  there 
were  two  or  three  well-developed  larvae,  while  in  the  lower  clusters 
either  very  young  larvas  or  eggs  only  were  found.  In  other  words, 
the  bees,  while  they  first  complete  the  upper  cluster  before  starting  the 
lower  series  of  cells,  do  not  fill  more  than  three  of  the  upper,  before 
they  start  on  the  lower  series.  The  greatest  number  of  filled  cells 
found  in  any  one  cluster  was  five,  and  in  that  case  three  of  the  lower 
cells  were  also  stocked. 

In  cast  I,  I  had  three  clusters  and  two  branches  which  seemed  to 
represent  random  digging.  In  the  upper  series  I  found  one  pupa  and 
three  full-grown  larvae.  Neither  of  the  lower  series  contained  any 
larvae,  but  the  filling  of  some  of  the  cells  had  been  begun. 

Cast  2  contained  only  an  imperfect  cluster  and,  as  there  was  no 
bee  in  the  cast,  it  is  probable  that  the  owner  met  with  an  accident. 

Cast  3  had  one  partly  completed  cluster  and  one  just  started  ;  but 
here  the  bee  was  in  the  cast,  imbedded  in  one  of  the  cells,  none  of 
which  were  filled.  This  would  seem  to  represent  a  very  late  start  or 
some  accident  that  prevented  work  for  a  time. 

Cast  4,  extended  more  than  four  feet  down.  Four  clusters  were  in 
whole  or  in  part  completed  and  three  of  them  contained  cells,  either 
filled  or  in  progress  of  being  filled.  All  stages  from  the  pollen  cake 
without  an  egg,  to  the  pupa  were  represented  in  this  cast,  but  none  of 
the  outside  cells  had  material  of  any  kind.  It  was  the  study  of  this 
series  that  made  the  relation  of  the  outer  or  air  cells  to  the  inner, 
brood  cells,  entirely  clear.      The  bee  in  this  instance  was  in  the  cast. 


66 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 


Cast  5  had  three  normal  cell  clusters  and  two  sets  of  imperfect  proc- 
esses, one  almost  at  the  extreme  bottom,  nearly  four  feet  under 
ground.  In  this  cast  pupffi  and  full-grown  larvae  were  found  in  the 
upper  two  series  of  cells.  In  the  lower  series  pollen  masses  and  eggs 
were  found. 

Cast  6  was  a  complicated  affair  with  four  cell  clusters.  Two  bees 
were  found  in  the  cast  and  a  third  was  taken  from  the  mouth  of  the 
burrow  before  the  cast  was  made.  When  cleaning  out  the  opening 
preparatory  to  casting,  a  bee  came  up  with  a  load  of  clay  to  close  it. 
I  removed  the  material,  but  on  turning  found  that  another  load  had 
been  deposited.  I  waited  for  the  next  supply  and  captured  the  bee 
with  the  forceps  ;   immediately  thereafter  a  second  bee  came  up  ;  but 

before  she  could  return  with  another 
load  the  plaster  was  poured  in.  Two 
bees  were  in  the  cast,  a  third  had  been 
captured  at  the  entrance :  what  relation 
was  there  between  these  examples  ? 
There  were  four  large  cell  clusters,  one 
of  them  quite  a  distance  from  the  up- 
right, and  in  three  of  these  clusters  lar- 
vae and  pupje  were  found.  In  the  fourth 
were  pollen  loaves  and  eggs. 

Cast  7  was  the  most  complicated  of 
the  series,  carrying  four  entire  and  two 
partial  clusters.  Four  bees  were  im- 
bedded in  it.  Larvje  and  pupae  were 
taken  out  of  all  the  clusters.  One  bee 
was  imbedded  in  a  cell  cast,  as  if  she 
had  been  engaged  in  filling  it  with  pollen.  The  others  were  im  bed- 
ded in  different  portions  of  the  upright. 

The  result  of  the  castings  and  diggings  made  it  evident  that  on  June 
30,  all  stages  from  eggs  to  pupae  occurred  in  the  burrows.  In  no 
pupa  was  there  any  tendency  to  color  up,  even  in  the  eyes.  The  in- 
ference was  that  the  pupa  was  a  recent  formation  and  that  the  change 
to  the  adult  was  at  some  distance  off. 

As  to  the  sex  of  the  pupae — all  of  them  seemed  to  be  males.  This 
was  easily  determinable  by  the  slender  form  and  by  the  prominent 
claspers  of  the  genitalia  which  in  the  adult  are  almost  completely 
withdrawn.    I  made  no  effort  to  discover  sexual  differences  in  the  larvK. 


Fig.    I.      Laiva  of  At/gockii 
hum  era  lis. 


June,  1901.] 


SiMiTH  :    On  Some  Diciger  Bees. 


67 


In  appearance  the  larvre  were  not  in  any  way  remarkable  ;  they 
were  fat,  white  grubs,  the  segments  well  marked,  the  head  small, 
horny  and  yellowish.  Figure  i  gives  a  fair  representation  of  it.  The 
pupa  was,  of  course,  the  bundled-up  adult  with  the  sexual  pieces  much 
more  prominent. 

I  was  unable  to  find  any  reason  for  the  presence  of  more  than  one 
bee  in  a  cast  unless,  in  some  instances,  two  or  more  work  in  common, 
indicating  the  partial  development  of  a  social  tendency.  It  seems 
reasonable  to  believe  that  those  burrows  that  contain  only  two  clusters 
with  a  few  filled  cells  are  made  by  one  bee  only  ;  but  it  is  perhaps  a 
question  whether  a  boring  with  three  or  more  clusters  is  the  product  of 
a  single  individual  in  any  case.  Cast  number 
7,  was  evidently  compound  and  the  clusters 
are  arranged  in  two  series.  The  perpen- 
dicular extended  down  simply  from  the  sur- 
face for  7  inches  and  was  there  divided  into 
two  series,  each  of  which  had  cell  clusters. 
Had  there  been  two  bees  only  it  would  have 
been  easier  to  refer  the  matter  to  a  common 
use  of  an  entrance  ;  but  four  bees  require  an 
agreement  to  use  in  common  the  entire  per- 
pendicular. 

There  is  a  gap  between  July  ist,  and  July 
I2th-i3th,  when  I  spent  another  two  days 
at  Lahaway  with  Mr.  Brakeley.  On  the 
morning  of  the  12th  I  put  down  twelve  and 
Mr.  Brakeley  put  down  four  casts  in  bee  mine 
No.  2.      In  working  back  to  these  casts  we 

found,  in  uncast  borings,  a  number  of  cell  clusters  with  anywhere  from 
one  to  eight  closed  cells.  All  stages  from  the  eggs  to  the  fully  col- 
ored pupre  were  found,  and  40  of  the  latter  were  put  into  closed  vials 
for  comi)lete  development ;  both  sexes  being  obviously  represented. 
A  greater  number  of  larvai  and  pupae  were  placed  in  alcohol.  In 
general  the  insects  were  in  the  pupa  stage.  The  eggs  were  very  few 
and  most  of  the  larvL^  were  full  grown. 

It  became  increasingly  evident  that  two  or  even  three  bees  may 
work  from  the  same  perpendicular.  Three  bees  were  found  in  one 
cast  in  which  there  were  five  cell  clusters.  The  relation  of  outer 
empty  to  inner  filled  cells,  was  now  conclusively  established  by  care- 


FiG.    2.     Pupa  of  Augoch- 
lora  /iiiincralis. 


68 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 


ful  dissection  of  uncast  burrows.  At  first  the  insect  makes  one  brood 
cell  with  three  empties  around  it  ;  rarely  there  are  two  cells  in  a  line 
and  four  or  five  around  it.  Very  occasionally  there  are  three  brood 
cells  in  a  line  with  seven  or  eight  empties  around  them.  The  usual 
form  is  one  central  with  three  around  it,  and  then  in  order  as  already 
described.  In  one  cast  I  found  lo  filled  cells  and  eleven  open  cham- 
bers around  it. 

July  13th  we  abandoned  the  regular  bee  mine  for  a  study  of  an- 
other, higher  field,  which  was  less  shaded  and  much  hotter.  Here 
we  started  another  pit  and,  as  it  Avas  a  question  only  of  cell  clusters,  a 
trench  only  thirty  inches  deep  was  needed.  Here  also  we  found  a 
cluster  of  ten  cells,  ali  containing  pupre.  A  three-cell  cluster  was 
found  in  which  was  a  perfectly-developed  bee,  capable  of  flight  and 
which  actually  did  fly  a  short  distance  in  the  attempt  to  escape.  The 
second  specimen  from  the  same  cluster  was  fully  colored  ;  but  the 
wings  were  not  yet  expanded ;  the  third  was  a  white  pupa  with  eyes 

besinning  to  color.    This  shows 


^.^^ 


Fig.  •;.    Adult  of  Aiis:ochlora  /iin/u-ralis. 


approximately  the  difference  in 
time  between  the  ovipositions 
of  one  bee  and,  from  what  I  saw 
in  the  examples  confined  in  the 
vials,  there  was  a  period  of  five 
days  at  least  between  each  of 
these  specimens.  No  bees  of 
the  new  brood  were  yet  about 
and,  indeed,  none  of  the  old 
ones  were  seen  above  ground. 
Some  old  bees  were  yet  found  in  the  burrows  ;  but  they  seemed  dis- 
pirited and  were  not  at  work.  Many  burrows  had  been  abandoned  by 
their  makers  and  there  was  no  appearance  of  new  digging  anywhere. 
The  work  of  the  hibernating  examples  was  done,  just  about  two 
months  from  the  time  they  first  began  to  make  their  appearance  above 
ground. 

Roughly  then,  the  bees  began  work  May  14th,  the  first  completed 
cell  with  pollen  loaf  and  egg  was  found  June  nth,  and  the  first  larvae 
were  observed  June  13th  and  15th.  The  egg  stage,  then,  is  very  brief. 
June  30th  there  were  many  pupas,  and  a  period  of  about  fifteen  days 
is  indicated  as  the  length  of  the  larval  life.  The  pupal  stage  is  unex- 
pectedly long,  no  actually  emerged  individuals   being  found  on  July 


June,  I90I.]  Smith  :    On  Some  Digger  Bees.  69 

13th,  though  some  were  completed  in  the  cells.     This  gives  a  full 
month  for  the  pupal  stage. 

July  14th,  Mr.  Brakeley's  notes  are  resumed,  and  as  the  result  of 
his  observations,  he  thinks  temperature  and  relative  maturity  of  the 
bee  determine  the  size  of  the  cell  clusters  and  the  number  of  eggs 
laid.  Early  in  the  season  when  ova  are  developing  slowly,  the  bee 
makes  only  a  single  cell  cluster,  because  she  feels  there  will  be  plenty 
of  time  to  build  another  series  before  she  needs  them  :  that  series  will 
contain  from  four  to  eight  cells  and  form  the  bulk  of  the  deposit. 
Late  bees,  coming  out  in  hot  weather,  feel  the  ova  developing  too 
rapidly  to  allow  of  much  delay  and  they  build  as  many  cells  in  one 
cluster  as  there  may  be  need  for.  In  case,  after  the  main  clusters  are 
provided  for,  there  be  some  late  ovarian  developments,  a  small  clus- 
ter, lower  down  than  usual  is  provided. 

July  15th,  bees  were  seen  on  the  wing,  and  in  the  field  where  the 
adult  was  taken  out  of  the  cell  July  13th,  new  diggers  are  already  be- 
ginning to  be  notable.  Whether  males  ever  go  down  into  these  new 
burrows  was  not  observed.  On  the  17th  there  were  many  new  sand 
heaps,  and  on  the  21st  there  was  a  general  hatching  and  a  general 
going  down.  Mr.  Brakeley,  in  the  course  of  some  notes,  writes  : 
"  About  this  time,  happened  to  glance  over  the  bee-bed  and  saw  100 
blue  bees  or  more,  hovering  low  to  the  ground.  Can't  say  where 
they  come  from,  but  I  suspect  that  while  I  was  working  the  upper 
clusters  the  lower  series  were  unloading  their  adult  bees."  A  sample 
of  the  conditions  is  shown  in  the  following  : 

Case  I  :  Top  cluster,  2  cells  :  i  bee  out,  i  cell  yet  closed,  bee 
ready  to  emerge.      Case  2  ;  same  status. 

Case  3:  Top,  2  cell  cluster  bees  out  of  both;  but  i  captured; 
lower  cell  cluster  with  larvae. 

Case  4  :  Top  cluster,  2  bees  out  ;  lower,  i  bee  out,  one  mature 
and  ready  to  come  out. 

Case  5:  4  cell  clusters:  ist  of  10  cells,  several  empty,  others 
with  mature  bees ;  2d  of  6  cells,  some  empty,  others  with  bees  nearly 
mature  ;   3d  or  4  cells  all  with  pupse  ;   4th  of  one  cell  with  larva. 

July  2 2d,  the  last  observation  was  made,  and  it  was  concluded 
from  the  fact,  that  digging  began  just  as  it  did  in  May,  that  there 
would  be  another  brood  ready  September  15th  to  30th.  .So  on  Sep- 
tember 17th  Mr.  Brakeley  and  myself  were  again  on  hand,  making 
an  observation  trip  through  the  blue  bee  territory.      ^Ve  saw  no  signs 


7(»  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

of  adults  flying  nor  of  any  new  burrows  ;  but  we  did  see  signs  of  very 
recent  digging  from  what  seemed  to  be  old  sand  hills.  It  looked  as 
if  new  earth  had  been  pushed  out  of  the  old  burrows,  and  on  investi- 
gation it  proved  that  the  oblique  sand  arm  was  being  used  and  that 
bees  were  working  in  the  borings.  A  number  of  the  active  hills  were 
marked. 

On  the  morning  of  the  iSth  four  casts  were  put  down,  and  on  the 
afternoon  three  others.  In  digging  to  these  casts  a  number  of  closed 
burrows  were  found  and  traced  down  with  knife  and  trowel.  An  un- 
expected result  was  that  not  a  single  brood  cell  was  found  in  any  of 
the  burrows  ;  nothing  but  irregular  fingers.  The  bees  seem  to  have 
spent  themselves  in  digging  ;  first  a  very  deep  perpendicular  and  from 
that  all  sorts  of  irregular  lateral  galleries  ;  but  in  not  a  single  case  was 
there  a  cluster  of  brood  cells  such  as  we  found  everywhere  in  June  and 
July.  The  casts  showed  exactly  the  same  features  ;  there  were  a  great 
lot  of  irregular  processes  ;  but  there  was  not  one  single  cluster,  not  a 
solitary  brood  cell,  not  a  larva  nor  any  other  early  stage  found.  And 
these  were  all  burrows  made  by  July  bees  !  Mr.  Brakeley  and  I  saw 
the  bees  coming  out  of  their  summer  burrows ;  and  Mr.  Brakeley  saw 
them  beginning  to  dig  between  July  14th  and  2  2d.  Thoughout  that 
same  territory  where  this  digging  was  most  active,  we  now  find  mostly 
flattened  sand  hills  :  a  few  from  which  fresh  sand  is  being  forced.  In 
one  case  the  sand  was  being  carted  directly  out  of  the  perpendicular. 
In  the  others  it  was  forced  through  an  oblique  lateral  which  was  not 
the  same  as  that  made  in  July  :  in  fact,  in  one  case  we  found  traces 
of  no  less  than  three  separate  oblique  laterals,  all  sand  filled. 

The  interesting  and  unexpected  feature  was  that  not  one  of  these 
midsummer  burrows — and  we  traced  at  least  twenty — showed  any  ap- 
pearance of  breeding  cells.  There  is  indeed  not  a  particle  of  evidence 
that  there  has  been  any  second  brood  ;  on  the  contrary,  everything 
goes  to  prove  that  there  has  been  none,  and  that  the  insects  simply  dig 
down  to  get  beneath  the  surface  :  for  despite  their  bright,  metallic 
color  they  are  strictly  subterranean.  One  of  the  casts  went  down 
52,  another  55  inches  and  two  of  them  we  did  not  follow  to  the  end  ; 
but  where  we  did  we  usually  found  bees  at  the  bottom.  In  other 
words  we  found  practically  the  same  condition  of  affairs  that  we  found 
in  Spring  in  Cock  Robin  Park  where  we  first  began  work.  Hiberna- 
tion had  really  begun  for  some  of  them.  In  one  case  we  found  three 
bees,  in   another   two  bees,  apparently  working    in    laterals    from   the 


June,  igoi.]  Smith  :    On  Some  Digger  Bees.  71 

same  burrow  :  several  bees  then  may  be  working  in  the  same  general 
system,  all  more  or  less  independent  of  each  other. 

The  conclusion  was  irresistible  that  there  is  no  second  brood  :  that 
the  bees  dig  to  get  out  of  the  sun  and  keep  on  digging  in  a  sort  of 
blind,  instinctive  way.  I'hey  make  all  sorts  of  laterals  and  sometimes 
make  processes  that  resemble  cell  clusters,  in  isolated  instances  going 
so  far  as  to  line  individual  cells  with  clay.  But  these  clusters  are 
never  complete  ;  there  is  never  an  enveloping  or  air  space  and  the 
drop  cells  or  fingers  are  of  all  sorts  of  lengths.  In  short  the  struc- 
tures are  not  breeding  cells  at  all.  All  the  bees  found  were  females, 
and  the  inference  seems  to  be  that  after  copulation  they  do  more  or 
less  work  all  summer  in  a  hap  hazard  sort  of  fashion  ;  then  late  in  the 
season  they  deepen  the  main  burrow  to  between  four  and  five  feet. 
There  from  one  to  eight  bees  will  pile  on  top  of  each  other  to  go  into 
hibernation.  Some  of  the  bees  that  we  dug  out  more  than  four  feet 
down,  from  burrows  closed  on  top,  were  already  almost  dormant  and 
could  be  freely  handled  without  their  making  effort  to  sting  :  very 
different  from  the  bustling  activity  of  the  newly  hatched  individuals 
or  of  those  working  on  the  brood  cells. 

The  really  remarkable  fact  is  that  these  bees  that  have  been  dig- 
ging such  long  burrows  during  the  summer,  abandon  them  in  the 
spring  and  start  all  over  again  with  new  diggings  for  breeding  pur- 
poses. A  single  bee  may,  in  the  course  of  its  life,  dig  two  quarter- 
inch  tubes,  which  combined  will  equal  between  seven  and  eight  feet 
in  depth  ;  and  if  the  laterals  and  fingers  can  be  added  it  would  amount 
to  at  least  two  feet  more — one  of  the  most  remarkable  instances  of 
apparently  useless  digging  on  record.  Mr.  Brakeley,  as  a  matter  of 
curiosity,  weighed  two  bees  taken  in  one  of  the  winter  burrows,  and 
found  them  i  y^  grains  together ;  the  larger  of  the  two  weighed  less 
than  one  grain,  and  he  put  the  problem  thus  :  If  a  blue  bee,  weight 
less  than  one  grain,  will  dig  a  hole  double  its  own  diameter,  64  inches 
deep,  how  deep  ought  a  Princeton  graduate,  weight  185  pounds  (or 
thereabouts),  diameter  two  feet  (more  or  less),  to  burrow  to  e([ual  blue 
bee,  weight  for  weight  ? 

And  he  answers  in  this  wise  :  One  grain  bee,  5  feet ;  one  pound, 
bee,  7,000  grains — 35,000  feet  or,  roughly,  7  miles.  This  would 
make  for  the  Princeton  graduate  (or  the  Rutgers  professor)  1,295 
miles  of  tubing  four  feet  in  diameter  I  But  this  does  not  tell  the 
whole  story,  for  the  calculation  was  made  when  we  did  not  know  that 
each  bee  digs  two  burrows  of  approximately  equal  depth. 


72  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Another  interesting  fact  is  this  :  the  life  of  an  individual  female 
bee  is  eleven  months  at  least,  and  of  this  entire  period  not  more  than 
ten  days  at  the  outside  is  passed  above  ground — probably  much  less, 
for  only  when  gathering  pollen  does  the  insect  come  out  of  its  den. 
How  long  an  individual  male  lives  I  do  not  know,  for  circumstances 
prevented  the  continuation  of  observations.  If  it  does  nothing  else, 
this  note  proves  that  an  entire  season  may  be  not  unprofitably  spent  in 
studying  the  habits  of  even  a  single  species. 

EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE    IIL 

Structural  deiaWsoi  .4 ugoc/i/ora  htinieralis  Patt.,  i,  anterior  leg  ;  antenna  cleaner 
at  a,  at  2,  yet  further  enlarged  ;  3,  middle  leg  ;  4,  the  single  tibial  spur  yet  further 
enlarged  ;  5,  posterior  leg;  6,  spurs  of  posterior  tibia,  more  enlarged;  7,  claws  of 
anterior  tarsus  ;  8,  claws  of  posterior  tarsus  ;  9,  antenna  ;  10,  mandible  ;  II,  palmate 
body  hair  ;  12,  tip  of  labium  showing  ligula,  paraglossa  and  palpi  ;  13,  tip  of  maxilla  : 
all  much  enlarged.      Original. 

EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE    IV. 

Digging  and  breeding  habits  of  Colletcs  and  Augochlora.  14,  burrow  of  CoUetes 
compacta,  the  well-defined  upper  shaded  portion  representing  the  cast  which  runs  to  the 
end  of  the  upper  lateral ;  a  "  heel  "  extends  below  this  lateral  from  the  main  burrow, 
below  which  the  evenly  shaded  area  represents  the  sand-filled  portion  of  the  digging  ; 
15,  brood  cell  of  C.  compacta,  enlarged  about  two  diameters,  showing  attachment  of 
egg  at  sides,  its  tip  resting  on  the  food  surface  ;  16,  17,  casts  made  from  hibernating 
burrows  oi  Augochlora  humeralis,  actual  length  about  50  inches;  18,  cast  of  breeding 
burrow  of  Augochlora,  with  two  small  cell  clusters  of  brood  cells  ;  the  oblique  lateral 
at  top,  from  which  cast  was  made;  lower  part  of  cast  broken  off;  actual  length  of 
portion  shown  22  inches  ;  19,  diagrammatic  section,  about  5-^  natural  size,  showing 
oblique  entrance  to  the  perpendicular  burrow  ;  sand  heap  at  surface,  the  entrance  to 
the  upright  closed  by  a  plug  ;  20,  perpendicular  from  which  lateral  extends  backward, 
natural  size;  21,  cast  of  a  cell  cluster  with  five  brood  cells:  22,  section  through  a 
single  cell  cluster  about  twice  natural  size,  showing  pollen  loaf  and  egg  at  bottom, 
the  outside  cells  continued  until  they  almost  meet  below  the  loaded  cell ;  23,  egg  of 
A.  humerclis,  very  greatly  enlarged.      Original. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  V. 

Plaster  cast  in  position  in  the  bee  mine,  ready  to  take  out :  has  two  brood  cells. 
In  the  bee  mine,  showing  tools  and  method  of  digging  out  casts  and  investigat- 
ing burrows  :   each  notch  or  angle  indicates  a  cast  taken  out. 


June,  1901.]       SCHAUS  :      HeTEROCERA    FROM    TrOPICAL    AMERICA.  13 

NEW  SPECIES  OF  HETEROCERA  FROM  TROPICAL 
AMERICA— II. 

Bv  William  Schaus. 
Givira  platea. 

Head,  collar,  thorax,  and  subdorsal  tufts  on  abdomen  mottled  black  and  brown  ; 
abdomen  otherwise  light  brown.  Primaries  brown,  irrorated  with  black  ;  veins  yel- 
lowish except  the  subcostal  ;  the  black  irrorations  forming  indistinct  spots  on  costa, 
in  cell,  and  on  inner  margin  ;  a  large  outer  dark  spot  between  3  and  5  cut  by  vein  4  ; 
just  beyond  cell  a  fine  whitish  line,  cut  by  veins,  a  subterminal  wavy  black  line  partly 
edged  with  white  ;  terminal  white  spots  between  the  veins  ;  on  basal  third  between 
veins  lb  and  Ic,  an  oval  silvery  spot,  preceded  and  followed  by  smaller  silvery  white 
spots.  Secondaries  brown;  the  costal  margin  buff;  veins  6  and  7  on  secondaries 
from  a  point.      Expanse,  26  mm. 

Habitat :  Sdo  Paulo,  Brazil. 
Givira  watsoni. 

Head  and  thorax  brown,  mottled  with  gray  and  white  hairs  ;  abdomen  brown, 
tinged  with  olivaceous  on  last  segment.  Primaries:  base  brown,  followed  by  a  broad 
darker  brown  band,  outwardly  curved  below  the  cell  from  costa  to  vein  lb,  enclosing 
above  vein  lb  a  small  white  spot ;  median  space  whitish,  irrorated  with  brown,  crossed 
by  a  fine  dark  broken  line ;  close  to  end  of  cell  a  narrow  brown  shade,  widening 
towards  inner  margin  ;  beyond  the  cell  a  dark  streak  on  veins  5  and  6  ;  a  dark  sub- 
terminal  brown  line,  widening  before  apex,  slightly  lunular  between  the  veins,  and 
shaded  with  white  on  either  side  ;  the  outer  margin  brown.  Secondaries  brown  with 
traces  of  darker  spots  near  apex.     Expanse,  25  mm. 

Habitat:  Pernambuco,  Brazil. 
Eugivira. 

Antennae  rectinated.  Primaries  :  neuration  as  in  Givira  Walk.  Secondaries  : 
veins  6  and  7  stalked. 

Group  I.   Vein  8  Connected  With  7  by  a  Bar. 

Juturna  Schs.  {Dolecta).  Cccstroides  H.  S.  {Hypopta)  7  &  8 

Aroa  Schs.  {^Lani^sdorfia').  on  primaries  on  very  short  stalk. 

Tecmessa  Schs.  {Givira').  Arbeloidcs  Dyzx  {Ingm-omorpha) . 

Philomela  Schs.  {Givira).  Sabii/osa  Schs.  sp.  nov. 

Quadra  Schs.  sp.  nov. 

Group  II.  Vein  8  Free. 
Duraugona  Schs.  sp.  nov.  Plagiata  Schs.  sp.  nov. 

Carisca  Schs.  sp.  nov.  Pardana  Schs.  sp.  nov. 

Pallidicosta  Schs.  sp.  nov.  Pulvcrosa  Hamps.  {Givira). 
Niidaria  Schs.  sp.  nov. 


74  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.  [Voi.  ix. 

Eugivira  sabulosa. 

Body  light  brown,  rriniaries  light  brown,  irrorated  with  darker  brown,  and 
blackish  lines,  forming  indistinct  shades  and  stris  ;  blackish  spots  on  costa  ;  an 
interrupted  blackish  inner  line  ;  a  dark  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell ;  an  outer  irregu- 
lar dark  line,  connected  with  the  submarginal  irregular  shadings,  and  the  terminal 
dark  blotches,  by  dark  lines  from  vein  3  to  inner  angle,  and  along  vein  4,  also  about 
veins  7  and  8  ;  fringe  mottled,  light  and  dark  brown.  Secondaries  brown  with 
irregular  darker  transverse  stri;ie  on  outer  half.      Expanse,  37  mm. 

Habitat :    Sao  Paulo,  Brazil. 
Eugivira  quadra. 

Body  gray  ;  darker  transverse  shadings  on  abdomen.  Primaries  :  costa  whitish 
with  four  black  spots,  a  long  black  streak  and  then  a  shorter  black  streak  ;  cell 
whitish,  irrorated  with  light  brown  ;  a  dark  spot  at  end  of  the  cell  ;  basal  half  of 
wing  below  medium  vein  reddish  brown,  this  space  ending  at  origin  of  vein  2  above, 
and  below  on  inner  margin  at  lb  ;  beyond  this  to  vein  3  is  a  whitish  space  slightly 
irrorated  with  brown  at  inner  angle  ;  above  vein  3  and  beyond  cell  the  wing  is 
thickly  irrorated  with  brown,  shading  to  buff  at  apex  and  extreme  outer  margin. 
Secondaries  whitish,  irrorated  with  brown  above  vein  3,  and  with  traces  of  broken 
lines  towards  apex  ;  an  indistinct  grayish  spot  at  end  of  cell.      Expanse,  37  mm. 

Habitat :    Sao  Paulo,  Brazil. 

This  species  has  vein  ic  as  in  £.  arbchndes  Dyar. 

Eugivira  durangona. 

Head  and  thorax  pale  buff.  Abdomen  white  with  a  subdorsal  blackish  tuft. 
Primaries  white  ;  some  dark  points  along  costa  ;  on  middle  of  inner  margin  a  cluster 
of  reddish  brown  and  black  scales  ;  an  indistinct  reddish  brown  shade  beyond  cell  ; 
three  outer  rows  of  minute  and  indistinct  grayish  spots  between  the  veins.  Seconda- 
ries white,  covered  with  small  indistinct  grayish  spots  except  on  inner  margin.  Both 
wings  with  an  interrupted  dark  terminal  line  ;  fringe  white,  mottled  with  light  red- 
dish brown.      Expanse,  26  mm. 

Habitat :    Durango,  Colorado?. 
Eugivira  carisca. 

Head,  collar  and  thorax  buff,  laterally  shaded  with  brown  ;  posteriorly  on  thorax 
a  tuft  of  reddish  brown  scales,  and  subdorsally  on  second  segment  of  abdomen  a 
similar  tuft.  Primaries  whitish  ;  at  base  a  cluster  of  large  dark  brown  spots  separated 
by  veins,  and  not  below  vein  lb  ;  a  similar  space  below  origin  of  vein  2  to  inner 
margin,  where  it  is  widest,  and  merely  divided  by  vein  lb  and  ic  ;  a  round  brown 
spot  in  cell  before  its  end  ;  just  beyond  the  cell  a  bright  brownish  red  spot ;  the  outer 
space  above  vein  i  irrorated  with  brown,  forming  large  spots  subterminally  from  veins 
3-8  ;  costal  margin  spotted  with  brown  ;  apex  and  outer  margin  thickly  irrorated 
with  brown.      Secondaries  grayish  white.      Expanse,  23  mm. 

Habitat:    Jalapa,  Mexico. 


June,  1901.]       SCHAUS  :      HETEROCERA    FROM    TROPICAL    AMERICA.  75 

Eugivira  pallidicosta. 

Body  dark  gray.  Primaries  :  costa  to  near  apex  broadly  while,  sliaded  below 
through  cell  and  to  apex  with  dark  brown  ;  the  basal  half  of  wing  and  inner  margin 
is  shaded  with  reddish  brown,  otherwise  the  wing  is  pale  gray  with  about  seven  very 
broken  transverse  brownish  lines,  consisting  chiefly  of  clusters  of  scales  at  the  veins. 
Secondaries  white.  Both  wings  with  dark  geminate  spots  terminally  at  veins  ;  fringe 
whitish,  divided  by  a  dark  gray  line.      Expanse,  24  mm. 

Habitat:    Castro,  Parana. 
Eugivira  nudaria. 

Body  mottled  gray  and  pale  brown,  the  former  color  predominating.  Primaries 
light  gray,  irrorated  with  white  specks  and  striated  with  darker  gray,  forming  indis- 
tinct bands,  especially  on  outer  portion  ;  the  inner  margin  with  some  black  strise  ; 
costal  margin  spotted  with  black,  the  second  from  base  large,  and  prolonged  as  a 
black  streak  to  vein  lb,  the  fourth  also  large  and  crossing  cell.  Secondaries  whitish, 
striated  with  gray  on  outer  half.  Both  wings  with  terminal  grayish  spots  at  veins, 
fringe  mottled  gray  and  white.      Expanse,  35  mm. 

Habitat :    Aroa,  Venezuela. 
Eugivira  plagiata. 

Body  brown.  Primaries  gray,  shaded  with  light  brown  at  base  and  on  inner 
margin;  the  outer  portion  mottled  with  white  and  brownish  gray  strise  ;  a  dark  brown 
spot  on  costa  near  base ;  a  larger  brown  spot  below  cell  a  little  more  remote  from 
base;  a  spot  at  end  of  cell,  and  another  below  vein  2;  a  subterminal  brown  spot 
between  4  and  5,  larger  ones  between  6  and  8,  and  a  minute  one  on  costa  before 
apex  ;  terminal  grayish  brown  spots  at  veins  ;  fringe  mottled  gray,  buff,  and  pale 
brown.  Secondaries  dark  grayish  brown,  paler  terminally  with  dark  spots  at  the 
veins,  and  a  dark  subterminal  shade  below  costa  ;  fringe  mottled  buff  and  brown. 
Expanse,  38  mm. 

Habitat :    Aroa,  Venezuela. 
Eugivira  pardana. 

Thorax  light  brown  with  darker  markings.  Primaries  light  brown  ;  a  basal, 
inner,  outer  and  subterminal  row  of  round,  dark  brown  spots,  edged  with  whitish  ; 
the  basal  and  inner  row  nearly  straight,  the  outer  curved  beyond  cell  and  geminate 
above  vein  5  ;  the  submarginal  spots  very  large  between  veins  4  to  7,  the  one  between 
5  and  6  nearer  the  outer  margin  ;  some  dark  spots  in  cell  between  the  median  and 
outer  rows  ;  two  spots  above  inner  margin  between  outer  and  subterminal  rows  ;  ter- 
minal dark  spots  at  veins,  those  above  veins  2-4  elongated  obliquely  to  vein  above  ; 
the  terminal  spots  extending  on  to  fringe.  Secondaries  with  traces  of  darker,  trans- 
verse, irregular  and  broken  lines.      Expanse,  30  mm. 

Habitat :    Sao  Paulo,  Brazil.      Antennae  serrate  fasciculate. 

ARBELID/E. 
Langsdorfia  coresa. 

Body  dark  brown.      Primaries  grayish  brown,  with  dark  brown  markin<TS  :   small 


76  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

spots  on  costa,  in  cell,  and  below  it  ;  inner  margin  with  transverse  streak  ;  a  reddish 
brown  shade  at  end  of  cell  ;  marginal  space  with  reticulations  ;  below  costa  a  large 
subterminal  spot,  and  smaller  spots  below  it  to  vein  3,  these  spots  partly  edged  with 
white.  Secondaries  dark  brown,  with  still  darker  streaks  and  reticulations.  Ex- 
panse, 27  mm. 

Habitat :    Colombia. 

HEPIALID.^. 
Phassus  trojesa. 

Head'and  thorax  black.  Abdomen  black  ;  transverse  pale  buff  lines  posteriorly. 
Primaries  gray,  covered  with  minute  black  strin;  edged  with  light  brown  ;  basal  thu-d 
of  vein  ib  broadly  white  ;  below  this  vein,  at  base,  a  long  black  spot ;  at  end  of  cell 
a  white  spot  close  to  vein  6  ;  a  medium  brownish  shade  from  end  of  cell  to  vein  lb, 
between  which  and  median  vein,  it  is  very  dark  ;  a  broad  subterminal  brown  band, 
outwardly  curved  between  5  and  8  ;  outer  margin  and  fringe  dark  brown  with  trian- 
gular paler  spots ;  some  white  shades  before  apex  ;  costal  margin  with  dark  spots. 
Secondaries  grayish  brown  ;  light  brown  hairs  at  the  base  ;  some  of  the  veins  on 
outer  margin  light  brown  ;  fringe  light  brown  ;  two  dark  spots  on  costa  before  apex  ; 
fringe  spotted  with  brown  towards  apex.      Expanse,  70  mm. 

Habitat :  Trojes,  Mexico. 
Dalaca  tesselloides. 

Body  pale  brown.  Primaries  pale  brown  ;  the  cell  and  spaces  between  the  veins 
evenly  filled  with  geminate  darker  streaks,  somewhat  curved  towards  each  other  and 
surrounded  by  a  buff  shade,  but  not  forming  complete  circles  ;  beyond  the  cell  from 
vein  4  to  7  is  a  line,  inwardly  shaded  with  buff.  Secondaries  light  reddish  brown. 
Expanse,  62  mm. 

Habitat:  Paraguay. 
Dalaca  basi rubra. 

Head  and  thorax  dark  brown,  the  later  somewhat  paler  posteriorly.  Abdomen 
brown;  the  base  dorsally  with  long  red  hairs.  Primaries  dark  gray;  the  space  be- 
tween the  subcostal  and  median  shaded  with  dark  ochreous  brown  ;  near  base  of  cell 
a  small  golden  yellow  spot ;  three  similar  spots  at  origin  of  vein  6;  some  simila,' 
scales  above  cross  vein  connecting  2  and  3  ;  an  outer,  subterminal  and  marginal  row 
of  dark  ochreous  brown  spots,  the  outer  row  shaded  with  brighter  ochreous  between 
veins  4-7  ;  above  vein  lb  two  dark  velvety  brown  spots,  partly  edged  with  light 
gray.      Secondaries  light  brown,  with  long   reddish  hairs  at  base.      Expanse,  80  mm. 

Habitat :  Peru. 
Cibyra  dorita. 

Head  and  thorax  dark  brov^m.  Abdomen  fawn  color.  Primaries  :  costal  and 
inner  margins  violaceous  brown  ;  the  space  between  veins  2-7  dull  golden,  crossed  by 
the  reddish  veins,  and  dull  lilacine  brown  blotches,  edged  with  reddish  ;  a  silver  spot 
at  base  of  cell,  and  another  towards  vein  2  ;  a  large  silver  spot  at  end  of  cell,  and  a 
series  of  silver  spots  between  veins  5  and  7.      Secondaries  buff  at  the   base,  shading 


June,  igoi.]      SwAINSON  :     LePIDOPTEROUS    LaRV/E    FROM    JAMAICA.  77 

to  reddish  on  the  outer  margin  ;  fringe  dark  at  the  base,  terminally  pale.      Expanse, 
33  mm. 

Habitat :  Castro  Parana. 

Cibyra  poltrona. 

Head  and  thorax  ochreous  brown.  Abdomen  buft".  Primaries  ochreous  brown 
on  costa  and  inner  margin,  the  intermediate  space  more  ochreous  ;  on  terminal  half 
some  indistinct  transverse  lines,  darker  than  the  ground  color,  inwardly  edged  with  a 
paler  shade  ;  these  lines  do  not  form  spots.  Secondaries  reddish  brown,  somewhat 
roseate  in  the  cell.      Expanse,  40  mm. 

Habitat:  Castro.  Parana. 
Cibyra  dormita. 

Head  and  thorax  dark  brown.  Abdomen  light  brown.  Primaries  reddish  brown 
shaded  with  gray  on  basal  half  of  inner  margin,  and  within  the  outer  line,  especially 
towards  costa ;  an  oblique  darker  shade  from  base  of  subcostal  to  middle  of  inner 
margin  ;  the  outer  line  fine,  dark  gray,  shaded  with  lighter  gray,  and  followed  by  a 
broad  reddish  brown  shade ;  subterminal  grayish  spots  between  the  veins ;  some 
silvery  white  spots  oudined  with  black,  one  at  base  of  cell,  a  larger  oblique  spot  at 
end  of  cell,  some  minute  spots  on  veins  5  and  6  beyond  the  outer  line,  a  minute  spot 
at  vein  2.  Secondaries  blackish  brown  ;  the  outer  margin  and  fringe  light  brown. 
The  female  has  a  terminal  white  spot  between  veins  7  and  8,  and  8  and  9.  Expanse, 
$  40  mm.,    9   68  mm. 

Habitat :  Petropolis. 
Cibyra  brunnea. 

Body  brown.  Primaries  light  brown  ;  the  costa  spotted  with  black  ;  a  basal, 
and  a  geminate  inner  oblique  row  of  dark  brown  spots ;  a  median  row  of  large  brown 
spots,  elongated  below  costa,  and  above  inner  margin  shaded  on  either  side  with  fawn 
color ;  three  silvery  spots  at  origin  of  vein  6  ;  a  broad  outer  brown  shade,  forming 
spots  below  vein  5,  these  spots  edged  on  either  side  with  dark  brown  and  then  fawn 
color  ;  a  subterminal  row  of  dark  lunular  spots  outwardly  edged  with  fawn  color  ; 
the  fringe  light  brown  with  darker  blotches.  Secondaries  dull  blackish  brown.  Ex- 
panse, 31  mm. 

Habitat:  Aroa,  Venezuela. 


NOTES      ON      LEPIDOPTEROUS     LARVAE      FROM 
JAMAICA,    B.    W.    I. 

Bv  Mrs.   E.   j\I.   Swainson. 

Papilio  homerus  Fabr. 

The  caterpillar  is   most  peculiar,  and  differs  from  the  rest    of  the 
larvae  of  the    Papilionidoe  in  not  having  the  two  fleshy  retractile  ten- 


78  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,        [Voi.  ix 

tacles  on  the  back  of  the  segment  next  the  head.  In  color  it  is  green 
and  brown  ;  across  the  neck  is  a  band  of  white,  on  which  are  spots  of 
light  blue  ;  in  shape  this  band  is  something  like  a  half  moon.  There 
is  also  a  band  of  brown  in  front  of  this  with  a  spot  at  each  end,  in  the 
center  of  which  is  a  tiny  dot  of  brown  and  above  it  a  line  of  pale 
blue.      Length  about  two  and  a  half  inches. 

I  have  always  found  the  larvae  resting  on  the  top  side  of  a  broad 
green  leaf  (named  for  me  as  Thespesia  populnca).  The  first  time  I 
found  several  together  and  thought  them  most  uncanny  looking 
creatures.  The  butterfly  is  very  rare,  being  found,  so  far  as  I  know, 
in  and  near  Bath  in  S.  Thomas  of  East  and  near  Moneaque  and  Union 
Hill  in  S.  Anns. 

Papillo  pelaus  Fahr. 

The  larva  is  brown  ;  a  pair  of  short  subdorsal  tubercles  on  each  of 
the  first  four  body  segments  ;  a  dash  of  creamy  white  on  the  side  of 
the  body. 

Aganisthos  odius  Fabr. 

The  caterpillar  feeds  on  the  leaves  of  the  trumpet  tree.  When 
fully  grown  is  it  very  pretty  and  measures  two  and  three-fourths  inches 
in  length.  Its  colors  are  light  green  and  brown  in  alternate  bands, 
with  rows  of  branching  spines,  the  middle  ones  black,  those  on  the 
sides  white.  The  face  is  cream  colored  with  black  marks.  Two  days 
before  changing  to  chrysalis  the  whole  larva  turns  a  bright  yellow  color 
with  orange  marks.  The  pupa  is  suspended  by  the  tail  ;  pale  yellow 
at  first,    changing  afterwards  to  a  red-brown  with  darker  markings. 

Heterochroa  iphicla  Linn. 

This  most  curious  caterpillar  is  about  one  inch  long,  of  a  dull 
dark  brown,  the  head  a  darker  color  with  sharp  short  spines  of  reddish 
brown  around  it.  On  first  segments  are  two  brown  horns  with  sharp 
points  bending  over  the  head  ;  from  this  to  the  end  of  the  third  seg- 
ment is  silvery  gray;  then  two  tiny  horns  bending  backward.  On 
the  ninth  and  tenth  segments  on  the  back  are  two  branching  stellate 
spines;  on  the  other  segments  tiny  spines  at  the  sides.  The  whole 
larva  is  a  mixture  of  brown  and  gray  ;  it  rolls  itself  up  on  the  outside 
of  a  leaf  and  looks  so  much  like  dirt  that  I  have  passed  it  for  such. 

The  chrysalis  is  attached  by  the  tail  to  a  leaf.  It  is  of  a  pretty 
fawn  color  ;   the  under  side  is  reddish  and  glitters    like  irold.      The 


June,  igoi.J      SwAINSON  :     LePIDOPTEROUS    LaRVyE    FROM    JAMAICA.  79 

shape  is  very  curious,  resembling  the  pictures  of  "Punch,"  long  nose 
and  all. 

Euptoieta  hegesia  Cram. 

The  caterpillar  when  young  is  bright  red  with  a  line  of  white 
down  the  back  and  on  each  side;  six  rows  of  spines  of  a  metallic 
blue-black  color ;  face  red ;  two  black  horns  on  the  head.  When 
fully  grown  it  is  an  inch  and  a  half  long,  body  very  dull  red  ;  spines 
jet  black,  the  whole  larva  shiny. 

The  pupa  is  attached  by  the  tail  and  very  pretty.  It  is  dark  brown 
in  color  with  white  marks  which  turn  to  silvery  gilt. 

Lives  on  the  wild  yellow  primrose. 

Junonia  genoveva  Cram. 

A  beautiful  ^velvety  black  caterpillar  about  two  inches  long  ;  the 
body  is  covered  with  tiny  yellow  dots.  Six  rows  of  black  branching 
spines  with  dark  blue  metallic  spot  at  base  of  each  spine.  Face  black 
with  a  spot  of  buff,  a  ring  of  bright  buff  around  the  neck.  Legs 
black  and  brown  with  buff  marks  above  them,  two  rows  in  some  larvae 
while  in  others  these  marks  hardly  show. 

The  chrysalis  is  gray  brown  with  pale-pinkish  markings  and  at- 
tached by  the  tail.  Food  plant  blue  vervine  ;  the  stem  of  the  plant 
near  the  ground  is  purplish  black,  and  on  this  the  larvae  rest,  so 
closely  resembling  it  in  color  that  it  is  hard  to  detect  them. 

Victorina  steneles  Limi. 

The  larva  is  deep  velvety  black  and  nearly  two  inches  long. 
.Seven  rows  of  very  finely  branched  spines  :  when  young  these  spines 
are  bright  red,  in  the  adult  form  the  bases  of  the  spines  are  creamy 
red  ;  the  middle  and  lower  rows  are  very  fine,  while  the  rows  each 
side  of  the  middle  are  much  thicker  and  enlarged  at  the  base  ;  the 
points  of  the  spines  are  slender.  Face  shining  black  ;  two  long  dull 
red  horns  on  the  head  bending  backward. 

The  chrysalis  is  pale  green  without  markings  and  attached  by  the 
tail. 

Qymnascia  dirce  Linn. 

These  caterpillars  are  velvety  black  with  pale  yellow  marks  on  the 
sides ;  the  first  body  segment  bears  dorsal ly  two  white  painted  spines 
of  moderate  length,  the  other  segments  bear  stellate  spines.  The 
spines  on  the  first  four  segments  are  white  ;  on  the  fifth  to  eleventh, 


80  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

yellow  ;  on  the  last  white.  When  very  young  the  larva  is  black  with 
tiny  white  spines  ;  as  it  grows  older  all  the  spines  turn  yellow.  The 
chrysalis  is  attached  by  the  tail,  is  gray  at  first,  changing  to  brown. 
Food  plant,  the  leaves  of  the  trumpet  tree.  The  young  larvae  eat  the 
ribs  of  the  leaf  near  the  stem  so  that  it  hangs  down  as  if  dead  ;  be- 
neath this  the  larvae  remain  concealed,  several  together. 

Eresia  frisia  Poey. 

A  small  gray  caterpillar  with  an  almost  black  line  along  the  sides ; 
eight  rows  of  tiny  spines  covered  with  fine  hairs  \  those  around  the  head 
bright  buff.  Face  shining,  two  shades  of  gray.  The  larva  curls  itself 
up  and  falls  to  the  ground  when  touched.     Length  nearly  one  inch. 

Chrysalis  very  small,  attached  by  the  tail ;  dark  brown  in  color. 

Danaus  gilippus  var.  Jamaicensis  Bates. 

The  pretty  smooth  caterpillar  is  a  little  over  one  inch  long,  with 
alternate  stripes  of  black  and  white  and  a  short  band  of  bright  yellow 
on  each  segment  on  the  back  and  spots  of  yellow  at  the  ends  of  the 
white  stripes  just  above  the  legs.  On  the  second,  fifth  and  eleventh 
segments  are  a  pair  of  tentacles,  crimson  at  the  base  and  merging  into 
dark  red  at  the  tips.  The  first  pair  of  tentacles  are  much  longer  than 
the  others.  Face  black  and  white  ;  legs  all  deep  velvety  black.  The 
whole  caterpillar  looks  like  enamel.  Some  of  the  larvae  are  much 
more  white  than  others.  The  pupa  is  very  pretty,  being  light  green 
with  tiny  black  dots  and  gold  spots.  It  is  attached  by  the  tail.  I 
have  had  the  chrysalis  pale  pink  instead  of  green.  Although  Mr. 
Stuart  Panton  gives  the  food  plant  as  Asclepias  curassavica,  I  found  it 
to  be  the  wild  wat  plant  [probably  Vincetoxiawi  palustre^ — Harrison 
G.  Dyar] .  This  butterfly  has  been  described  by  Mr.  E.  S.  Panton  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Jamaica  Institute,  I,  pages  311-314  (1893). 

Pyrgus  syrichtus  Fahr. 

The  larva  is  about  one  inch  long  covered  with  tiny  white  dots  and 
short  white  hairs  which  give  it  the  appearance  of  being  powdered  ;  a 
dark  green  mark  down  the  middle  of  the  back,  neck  reddish  brown. 
It  puts  one  leaf  over  the  other  and  lives  between  them.  The  chrysalis 
is  enclosed  in  a  leaf.  Head  and  wing  cases  a  dark  green,  the  lower 
part  greenish  white  ;  all  looking  as  if  powdered. 

*  This  is  the  food  plant  of  D.  gilippus  var.  bcienice  in  Florida — H.  G.  D. 


June,  igoi.]       SwAINSON  :      LePIDOPTEROUS    LaRV^    FROM    JAMAICA.  81 

Cydosia  submutata  ]]\ilk. 

A  pretty  half  looper  larva,  soft  velvety  black  with  orange  marks 
down  the  back  and  sides  ;  between  these  are  tiny  yellow  marks.  On 
the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  segments  are  only  tiny  orange  marks  and  on 
the  third  segment  four  shining  black  spines  ;  the  fourth  and  fifth  seg- 
ments have  two  spines  each  ;  on  the  rest  of  the  body  are  very  fine 
black  hairs.  Face  and  legs  black  with  orange  marks.  When  quite 
young  the  pale  yellow  marks  are  white.  When  touched  the  larvee 
curl  themselves  and  drop  to  the  ground.  Turned  to  a  chrysalis  in  the 
earth,  chestnut  brown,  short  and  fat. 

Euthisanotia  timais  Ci-ani. 

I.arva  black,  about  two  inches  long  ;  the  body  is  covered  with 
small  pale  yellow  spots  ;  face,  legs  and  tail  dull  buff  with  black  marks, 
front  legs  black.  There  are  very  fine  black  hairs  on  the  body.  Pupa 
dark  brown,  formed  in  the  earth.  Food  plant  lilies.  They  seem  to 
eat  most  kinds  and  are  quite  a  pest,  eating  off  every  leaf  down  to  the 
ground.      Lent  lilies  they  are  very  fond  of. 

[This  description  does  not  agree  at  all  with  Guenee's  figure,  Sp. 
gen.  Noct.  vi,  plate  2,  Fig.  6,  but  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  the 
accuracy  of  Mrs.  Swainson's  notes.  Her  bred  moth  is  before  me — 
Harrison  G.  Dyar.] 

Gonodonta  incurva  Sepp. 

A  beautiful  jet  black  velvety  [semi-]  looper  nearly  two  inches  long  ; 
face  black  with  small  cream  colored  spots  on  top  of  head.  On  each 
segment  at  the  sides  are  bright  red  spots  :  on  the  second  and  third 
segments  is  a  band  of  bright  red  across  the  middle  of  the  back  ;  the 
band  on  the  second  segment  has  tiny  cream  colored  marks  around  it  ; 
on  the  fourth  segment  are  cream  marks  with  a  red  one  across  them. 
All  the  other  segments  have  two  red  spots  each  side  of  the  middle  of 
the  back.     When  young  these  spots  are  orange  and  in  some  pale  yellow. 

Pupa  smooth,  red  brown,  enclosed  in  a  nest  of  cut  up  leaves. 
They  have  a  curious  way  of  attaching  this  nest  to  the  side  of  a  stem. 

Plusia  eriosoma  Doubl. 

A  small  green  [semi-]  looper.  When  quite  young  the  back  is  dark 
green  with  a  whitish  line  on  each  side,  below  which  on  each  segment 
is  a  black  dot.  Front  legs  black,  face  yellowish.  When  fully  grown 
the  caterpillar  is  over  one  inch  long,  the  body,  legs,  face  and  all  are 


82  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [VoI.  ix. 

uniform  light   green,      ('hrysalis   light  green  with   brown  marks,  en- 
closed in  a  white  web. 

[These  notes  were  sent  me  by  Mr.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  with  others 
on  certain  well-known  species  which  it  did  not  seem  worth  while  to 
publish.  I  have  seen  the  bred  imagos  of  all  except  the  first  three  and 
last  two ;  the  last  two  were  determined  by  Sir  G.  F.  Hampson.  It 
has  been  impossible  to  get  the  names  of  the  food  plants — Harrison  G. 
Dyar.] 


AN    ABERRATION    OF    PAPILIO    PHILENOR. 

Bv  Archibald  C.   Weeks. 

(Plate  VI.) 

Papilio  philenor  Linn.,  aberr.  wasmuthii  aberr.  nov. 

This  form,  the  type  of  which  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  William  Was- 
muth  at  a  meeting  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  held  De- 
cember 6,  1900,  and  a  figure  of  which  is  shown  herewith,  was  pro- 
duced from  one  of  two  nearly  matured  philenor  larvaj  taken  by  him 
in  the  latter  part  of  August,  1900,  upon  the  Dutchman's  Pipe  plant 
{^Aristolochia  sipho)  growing  in  front  of  his  residence.  Neither  larva 
displayed  any  characteristic,  either  in  size  or  general  appearance,  to 
distinguish  one  from  the  other  nor  from  other  larvae  of  the  same  spe- 
cies. Shortly  after  their  capture  they  pupated  and  together  on  the 
same  day,  about  the  middle  of  September,  emerged.  One  proved  to 
be  an  orthodox  philenor,  and  the  other  so  unusual  a  deviation  from 
the  type  as  to  warrant  a  special  designation.  Broadly  stated,  the  ab- 
erration consists,  upon  the  upper  side,  of  the  extension  inward  between 
the  veins  of  the  white  marginal  lunules  to  such  a  distance  as  in  the 
primaries  to  comprehend  the  entire  submarginal  row  of  white  spots, 
and  in  the  secondaries  to  leave  only  a  more  or  less  faint  line  of  sepa- 
ration, increasing  in  fullness  in  the  direction  of  the  inner  angle.  In 
the  primaries  the  white  indentations  assume  a  sagittate  form,  the  first 
at  the  apex  being  narrower  than,  and  half  as  long  again  as,  any  of  the 
others.  In  the  secondaries  the  indentations  are  more  nearly  subquad- 
rate.  All  indentations  are  separated  by  the  veins,  heavily  bordered 
with  the  ground  color  of  the  base  and  discal  area,  and  the  majority 
of  them  are  cleft  by  a  narrow  line  ])aralleling  the  veins.      The  portion 


June,  igoi.]  F- X  :   Two  New  Wasps.  83 

of  darkened  border  of  the  median  nervules  extending  into  the  tails  is 
so  widened  as  to  nearly  include  the  entire  area  of  the  latter.  The 
whitened  areas  are,  in  many  instances,  somewhat  suffused,  particularly 
at  the  apex.  The  aberration  is  repeated  upon  the  under  side,  except 
that  in  the  secondaries  the  white  indentations  are  more  extended  lat- 
erally, the  heavy  border  of  the  intersecting  veins  being  proportion- 
ately decreased  except  toward  and  at  the  edges.  The  right  tail  also 
is  deeply  invaded  by  white,  while  the  left  retains  the  original  hue. 

It  is  extremely  difficult  to  convey  by  means  of  a  photograph  or 
description  a  clear  conception  of  the  odd  and  striking  appearance  of 
the  butterfly.  Had  it  been  taken  in  free  flight  in  a  remote  locality 
without  previous  knowledge  of  its  origin,  it  could  not  but  have  occa- 
sioned much  curiosity  and  discussion.  The  accompanying  figures 
were  drawn  by  Mr.  Charles  J.  Martin,  of  Brooklyn.  The  type  is  in 
the  collection  of  Mr.  Wasmuth. 


TWO    NEW    BEMBICINE    WASPS. 
By  William  J.   Fox. 
Bembex  beutenmuUeri,  sp.  nov. 

$  .  Deep  black  tliroughout  without  pale  marks  on  th.orax  or  abdomen  ;  pu- 
bescence of  head  and  thorax  rather  conspicuous,  cinereous  ;  clypeus  except  a  crescentic 
basal  black  spot,  labrum,  mandibles  except  base,  line  on  scape  beneath,  flagellum 
beneath  entirely,  or  with  each  joint  spotted  (or  again  entirely  black)  inner  orbits, 
tips  of  all  femora,  a  line  on  anterior  and  middle  tibiae,  and  a  spot  at  apex  with  no  hind 
ones,  yellow;  wings  hyaline,  veins  testaceous.  Front  narrow,  distinctly  more  so  than 
B.  aniccna,  to  which  this  species  is  related  ;  clypeus  convex,  quite  short  medially, 
owing  to  the  strongly  incurved  fore-margin  ;  eighth  antennal  joint  bidentate  ;  medial 
femora  smooth,  not  serrated,  the  lower  margin  rather  sharp,  their  tarsi  much  longer 
than  their  tibiae  ;  second  ventral  segment  finely  carinated  down  middle  ;  sixth  ventral 
with  two  elongate,  parallel  tubercles,  varying  in  strength  ;  seventh  produced  into  an 
acute  spine.     Length,  17-18  mm. 

Habitat:  Fresno  County,  California.  Four  specimens  collected  by 
the  late  Henry  Edwards,  and  now  in  the  collections  of  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History.  It  comes  closest  to  Bembex  a/iia'/ia, 
though  it  is  related  to  />ri///iKUZ  and  occidentalis  in  spined  seventh  ventral 
segment. 

It  has  a  strong  superficial  resemblance  to  Bembex  einerea  which  is 
(juite   distinct   from  it,  and  has  so  far   been   recorded    from   Georgia 


84  Journal  New  York.  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

only.  It  is  (juite  probable  that  the  notes  of  M.  Coquillett -i'^  really 
apply  to  this  species,  and  not  to  B.  ciucrca,  which  does  not  occur  in 
California. 

Steniolia  sulfurea,  sp.  nov. 

$  .  With  the  exception  of  the  entirely  black  thorax,  front,  vertex,  cheek.s  (ex- 
cept orbits),  small  spots  on  the  coxek  and  trochanters,  first  segment  of  abdomen  on 
its  fore  surface  and  a  triangular  mark  above  (which  is  sometimes  merged  into  the  black 
anterior),  the  insect  is  bright  sulphur  yellow  ;  the  flagellum  dark  above,  yellowish  on 
basal  half  beneath,  wings  hyaline  ;  pubescence  of  head  and  thorax  den.se  and  grayish. 

Flagellum  slender,  acuminate,  though  shorter  than  in  ^.  diiplicata  ;  front  long 
and  narrow,  much  more  so  than  in  the  species  mentioned  ;  legs  robust ;  second  ventral 
segment  carinated  on  apical  third,  the  carina  extending  to  apical  margin  where  it 
projects  in  the  form  of  a  slight  tooth  ;  seventh  ventral  segment  medially  at  apex  with 
an  emargination,  in  which  rests  a  large  bifurcated  process  forming  part  of  the  genitalia 
and  having  one  furcation  much  longer  than  the  other.      Length,  19-20  mm. 

Habitat :  Shasta  County,  California.  Two  specimens  collected  by 
the  late  Henry  Edwards  and  forming  part  of  the  collection  containing 
the  preceding  specimens.  It  is  not  closely  related  to  any  described 
species  of  Steniolia,  and  is  quite  remarkable  in  its  coloration. 


NOTE    ON    THE    LARVA    OF    PSAPHIDIA 
THAXTERIANUS. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar. 

Head  luteous  brown,  dotted  with  whitish,  a  black  patch  on  each 
side  of  the  clypeus  with  a  brown  shade  on  the  angle  of  the  lobe  and 
one  extending  upward  on  the  posterior  edge  of  the  lobe,  widening 
above  to  suggest  an  elliptical  pale  enclosure  on  the  side;  width  3.3 
mm.  Body  vinous  brown,  a  little  greenish  tinted  ;  a  series  of  large 
subdorsal  creamy  white  patches  on  joints  2  to  14,  on  the  thorax  cov- 
ering the  sides  of  the  cervical  shield  setae  ia  to  iib,  on  the  abdomen 
setae  i  to  iii  (the  patch  somewhat  trilobate)  and  whole  of  anal  plate. 
Tubercles  and  spiracles  white  ;  setse  normal,  single,  distinct,  but  fine, 
pale  ;  thoracic  ones  well  separated  and  all  present. 

The  handsome  larva  of  this  rare  Noctuid  occurred  to  me  on  the 
white  oak  at  Brookhaven,  N.  Y.,  in  June.      It  was   fully  grown  and 

*  Proceedings  Entomological  Society  of  Washington,  V.  Ill,  p.  236. 


June,  igoi.]  DYAR  :     A    M  F.W    ARCTIAN.  85 

pupated  immediately  in  the  earth.      'J'he  moth  emerged  the  following 

May. 

♦ 

DIAGNOSIS    OF    A    NEW    ARCTIAN. 

Bv  Harrison  G.   Dvar. 
Dodia  albertae,  gen,  nov.  et  sp. 

Head  moderately  prominent,  tongue  weak,  palpi  short,  not  reaching  front,  eyes 
naked,  ocelli  large  ;  $  antennce  simple  with  bristles  and  cilia  ;  body  slender,  geo- 
metriform,  vestiture  hairy  but  short  ;  hind  tibia;  with  four  spurs,  fore  tibia;  with  termi- 
nal spine  ;  primaries  broad,  trigonate  ;  secondaries  large  and  ^mple.  Vein  i  free, 
scarcely  forked  at  base  ;  2  from  middle  of  cell  ;  3-5  rather  approximate,  5  nearer  4 
than  6  ;  6  from  end  of  cell,  free  or  shortly  stalked  ;  7-10  stalked,  8-9  nearly  at  apex  ; 
II  and  12  free;  on  hind  wings  3-4  approximate  ;  5  strong,  arising  near  4 ;  6-7 
stalked;  8  anastomosing  with  cell  to  near  middle.  Frenulum  present.  Gray,  wings 
diaphanous  with  only  a  faint  whitish  waved  subterminal  line  or  considerably  washed 
with  whitish  over  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  leaving  a  gray  subbasal  curved  band  and 
a  slightly  waved,  oblique,  median  one,  between  which  and  the  subterminal  line  are 
whitish  powderings.      Hind  wings  subhyaline.      Expanse,  34-35  mm. 

Three  S  $ ,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Canada  (F.  H.  Wolley  Dod).  One, 
taken  June  ii  is  fresh  and  washed  with  white;  a  second,  July  3, 
is  diaphonous  gray  with  only  traces  of  markings,  while  the  third, 
July  10,  is  rubbed  and  nearly  hyaline. 

U.  S.  National  Museum,  type  No.  5747. 


DESCRIPTIONS   OF   THREE   LEPIDOPTEROUS 

LARV^. 

By  D.    W.   Coquillett. 

Homccosoma  mucidellum  Rago//oL 

Body  green,  minutely  granulated,  a  brown  dorsal  and  subdorsal 
stripe,  first  thoracic  segment  brownish,  darkest  laterally,  cervical 
shield  yellow,  bordered  posteriorly  with  black  piliferous  spots,  minute, 
black,  spiracles  circular,  wholly  black,  anal  plate  unmarked,  head 
brown,  an  ocellar  black  dot  and  above  it  a  large  black  spot  ;  16  legs  ; 
length,  8  mm. 

Found  two  February  12,  1893,  in  thin,  white  cocoons  beneath  a 
piece  of  paper  in  the  grass  near  l.os  .\ngeles,  Cal.  One  pupated 
February  15,  and  the  moth  issued  March  28. 


86  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Ephestiodes  gilvescentella  Ragonot. 

Body  (lull  olive  brown,  in  the  younger  ones  marked  with  a  dorsal, 
subdorsal  and  stigmatal  whitish  stripe,  which  are  sometimes  so  di- 
lated as  to  almost  cover  the  whole  dody,  but  in  the  older  ones  they 
are  narrower,  sometimes  being  entirely  wanting  ;  piliferous  spots  quite 
distinct,  blackish  brown  ;  spiracles  ringed  with  black  ;  head  dark, 
reddish  brown  ;  cervical  shield  yellowish  brown,  bordered  posteriorly 
with  black  ;  on  each  side  of  the  first  thoracic  segment  is  a  rather  large) 
polished,  blackish,  stigmatal  spot ;  thoracic  legs  whitish,  marked  with 
black;   no  anal  plate  ;   length,  ii  mm. 

Found  many  on  trunks  of  orange  trees  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Jan.  5 
and  7,  1889.  Some  were  in  masses  of  dry  leaves,  in  the  crotches  of  the 
trees,  and  the  leaves  bore  evidence  of  having  been  fed  upon  by  them. 
Others  were  in  silk-lined  channels  in  the  bark  of  the  tree,  beneath 
debris  of  various  kinds  adhering  to  the  bark.  They  refused  to  feed 
upon  the  green  orange  leaves.  The  moths  issued  from  February  21  to 
Tvlarch  8. 

Setiostoma  fernaldella  Riley. 

Body  greenish  white,  a  dorsal  row  of  large  pinkish  spots,  a  rather 
wide  subdorsal  and  narrower  stigmatal  interrupted  pinkish  line  ;  the 
three  thoracic  segments  wholly  pinkish  ;  piliferous  spots  and  spiracles 
black  or  dark  brown  ;  cervical  shield  blackish  brown,  head  yellowish 
brown;  length,  12  mm.  Lives  on  Querciis  agrifoliaht\.\\tQXi\.\\o\QdMt% 
fastened  together  with  silk  threads.  Found  many  larvae  June  13, 
1886,  near  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  The  moths  issued  during  the  following 
month.  Young  larvae  also  were  found  in  the  same  locality,  Feb.  12, 
1S88. 


NOTE    ON    A    SPECIES    OF    PSILOPYGA. 

By  Charles  Schaeffer. 

Specimens  collected  by  Dr.  R.  E.  Kunze,  in  Arizona,  agree  very 
well  with  the  description  of  the  Mexican  P.  fasciata  Sharp,  except 
in  the  extent  of  the  red  markings,  which  are  said  to  occupy  two- 
thirds  of  the  elytra  in  the  Mexican  species,  while  in  the  specimens 
from  Arizona  the  red  occupies  only  one-third  of  the  elytra.  Accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Sharp  the  generic  name  Psilopyga  must  be  restored  for  our 
species  of  Oxyciwrnus. 


June,  I90I.]    BeUTENMCLLER  :     EARLIER  STAGES  OF  SpHINX  GoRDIUS.        87 

THE  EARLIER  STAGES   OF   SPHINX  GORDIUS. 

Bv  William  BeutenmCller. 

£i^g. — Globular,  smooth,  shining,  pale  green.  Width,  i  mm. 
Height,  .75  mm.  The  egg  is  similar  to  that  of  Spliiiix  hicitiosa,  but  is 
smaller  and  more  globular.      Emerged  July  6th. 

Stage  I. — Pale  whitish  green,  caudal  horn  jet  black,  with  two  hair- 
like bristles  at  the  tip.  Length,  3.5  mm.  As  the  larva  becomes 
older  there  appears  at  the  sides  five  white  oblique  bands  and  a  sub- 
dorsal stripe  of  the  same  color.  Length,  7  mm.  Getting  ready  to 
moult  July  loth  and  nth.      Moulted  July  nth  and  12th. 

Stage  11. — Pale  green  with  pale  yellow  granulations,  and  pale 
yellowish  oblique  bands  at  the  sides  and  a  subdorsal  stripe,  broken  by 
the  bands.  Caudal  horn  reddish  brown,  cherry  red  at  base.  Feet, 
legs  and  head,  pale  green.  Getting  ready  to  moult  July  14th  and 
15th.      Moulted  July  15th  and  i6th.      Length,  12  mm. 

Stage  III. — Pale  green,  thickly  beset  with  yellowish  granulations, 
and  a  short  subdorsal  stripe  on  each  side  composed  of  yellow  granula- 
tions. The  oblique  bands  yellow  behind,  red  in  front  and  slightly 
white  in  the  middle.  Head  green  with  a  yellow  stripe  on  each  side  in 
front.  Caudal  horn  red  with  short  spines.  Thoracic  feet  red.  Ab- 
dominal and  anal  legs  green.  Getting  ready  to  moult  July  i8th  and 
19th.  Moulted  July  19th  and  20th.      Length,  18  mm. 

Stage  IV. — Head  light  green  with  a  broad  yellow  stripe  on  each  side 
in  front.  Body  bright  whitish  green  with  the  oblique  bands  broad, 
bright  crimson  in  front,  yellowish  behind. and  white  in  the  middle. 
Caudal  horn  crimson.  Thoracic  feet  crimson.  Sometimes  the  caudal 
horn  is  crimson  above,  orange  beneath  or  blackish  above,  yellow  beneath 
and  red  at  the  sides.      Moulted  July  23d  and  24th.      Length,  24  mm. 

Stage  V. — Same  as  in  the  previous  stage.  Moulted  July  29th  and 
30th.      Length  35  mm. 

Stage  VI. — Body  bright  apple  green  with  numerous  small  yellow- 
ish or  whitish  dots,  some  of  which  are  encircled  with  black.  Along 
each  side  are  seven  oblique,  bright  carmine  stripes,  which  are  white 
posteriorly,  the  carmine  shading  into  the  white.  Caudal  horn  black 
at  the  sides  and  tip,  green  at  the  middle  above  and  beneath.  Spiracles 
orange.  Head  with  a  yellowish  and  brownish  stripe  on  each  side  in 
front.  Thoracic  feet  pink,  greenish  at  the  base.  Abdominal  and 
anal  legs  green.      Length,  65  mm. 

Food-plants  :     Apple,  huckleberry,  Myrica. 


88  Journal  New  York.  Entomological  Society.        [VoI.  ix. 

THE    EARLIER    STAGES    OF    CERATOMIA 
AMYNTOR. 

By  William  Beutenmuller. 

Stage  I. — Body  pale  green,  with  a  whitish  dorsal  line  and  one  on 
each  side  on  the  subdorsal,  the  oblique  stripes  along  the  sides  running 
through  the  subdorsal  line  and  almost  touching  the  stripe  on  the  dor- 
sum. Caudal  horn  yellowish  with  two  fine  fork-like  setae  at  the  tip. 
On  each  the  second  and  third  segments  are  two  short,  blunt,  stout 
tubercles.  Thoracic  feet  and  abdominal  legs  green.  Length,  8.50 
mm.     Getting  ready  to  moult  July  13.      Moulted  July  14th. 

Stage  II. — Same  color  as  in  previous  stage.  Body  and  head,  gran- 
ulated, and  the  line  along  the  dorsum  in  form  of  serrations.  The 
tubercles  on  the  second  and  third  segments  more  prominent.  The 
body  is  regularly  wrinkled  and  the  granulations  are  placed  on  these 
transversely.      Length,  15  mm.      Moulted  July  iSth. 

Stage  III. — Uniform  green  above  and  below.  The  dorsal  line  is 
now  composed  of  rather  prominent  elevated  serrations  and  at  the  an- 
terior edge  of  the  first  segment  a  transverse  row  of  serrations.  The 
oblique  stripes  along  the  side  almost  touch  the  dorsal  line.  Caudal 
horn  yellow.  The  tubercles  on  the  second  and  third  segments  yellow 
and  beset  with  small  yellow  protuberances.  There  is  also  a  serrated, 
yellow,  subdorsal  line,  beginning  at  the  anterior  edge  of  the  first  seg- 
ment and  running  to  the  end  of  the  fourth  segment  ;  it  is  broken  by 
the  tubercles.      Length,  21  mm.      Moulted  July  2 2d. 

Stage  IV. — Head  green  with  a  yellow  line  on  each  side  and 
covered  with  yellow,  granular  dots.  Thoracic  feet  yellow,  tip  red. 
The  tubercles  on  the  second  and  third  segment  are  now  fleshy  and 
very  prominent  with  canary  yellow  protuberances.  The  row  of  serra- 
tions on  the  anterior  edge  of  the  first  segment  is  now  also  very  promi- 
nent. The  subdorsal  line  as  in  the  previous  stage.  The  dorsal  line 
prominent  and  distinctly  serrated,  i)inkish,  white.  The  seven  pink- 
ish white  oblique  stripes  along  the  sides,  raised  by  tubercular  dots. 
Caudal  horn  yellowish.  Anal  plates  with  yellow  borders.  Body 
wholly  dotted  with  whitish  grandular  dots.  Length,  25  mm.  Moulted 
July  27th. 

Stage  V. — Same  color  and  marking  as  in  the  preceding  stage,  ex- 
cept the  thoracic  feet,  pink.  Length,  45  mm.  Moulted  July  31st 
and  August  ist. 


June,  igoi.]    BeUTENMULLER  :     STAGES  OF  SmKRINTHUS   GeMINATUS.  89 

Stage  VI. — Chocolate  brown  with  the  dorsal  serrations  and  lateral 
oblique  stripes  somewhat  paler.  The  lateral  stripes  are  now  composed 
of  elevated  serrations  ;  behind  each  stripe  is  a  pale  brownish-gray  hue 
or  shade.  Subdorsal  serrated  line  somewhat  like  in  the  last  stage, 
but  more  prominent.  The  four  fleshy  tubercles  with  yellow  warts. 
Anal-plate  maroon  brown.  Head  chestnut  brown,  granulate,  with  a 
paler  stripe  on  each  side.  Mouth-parts  yellow  ;  mandibles  black. 
Thoracic  feet  chestnut  red. 

Food-plant :  Elm. 

As  is  well  known  the  usual  color  of  the  fully  grown  larva  is  green 
instead  of  brown  and  the  species  also  feeds  on  linden  and  white  birch. 


THE    EARLIER    STAGES   OF  SMERINTHUS 
GEMINATUS. 

By  William  Beuten.mullek. 

Stage  I. — Wholly  green.  Caudal  horn  black.  Head  globular. 
Length,  4  mm.      Moulted  June  5th. 

Stage  II. — The  head  is  now  triangular  and  slightly  furcate  on  the 
vertex  and  covered  with  minute  granulations.  Along  the  sides  of  the 
body  are  seven  oblique  yellow  bands,  broken  on  the  subdorsum  by  a 
longitudinal,  narrow  yellow  line.  The  bands  and  lines  are  composed 
of  elevated  granulations.  Over  the  body  are  numerous  elevated  granu- 
lations. Caudal  horn  reddish  brown.  Tip  of  thoracic  feet  pinkish. 
Length,  7.5  mm.      Moulted  June  9th. 

Stage  III. — Very  much  like  the  last  stage,  but  the  oblique  lateral 
stripes  are  paler  and  the  subdorsal  stripes  more  conspicuous  on  the 
first  to  the  end  of  the  fourth  segments.  Length,  12  mm.  ]\Ioulted 
June  nth. 

Stage  IV. — Pale  green  with  the  subdorsal  line  only  reaching  to  the 
end  of  the  fourth  segment  and  composed  of  serrations,  and  much 
deeper  yellow.  The  body  is  covered  with  whitish  green  granules, 
giving  the  larva  a  light  appearance.  The  last  oblique  stripe  on  the 
sides  reaches  to  the  tip  of  the  caudal  horn,  which  is  black  above. 
Head  triangular.  Spiracles  black.  Thoracic  feet  black,  pinkish  at 
the  base.      Length,  15  mm.      Moulted  June  i6th. 


90  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Stage  V. — Head  more  triangular  with  a  yellow  vertical  stripe  on 
each  side  in  front.  Body  bluish  green  with  the  subdorsal  line  as  before, 
but  more  distinct  and  clear,  pale  straw  yellow.  Oblique  stripes  on 
the  sides  less  distinct,  except  the  last,  bright  yellow  and  reaches  the 
tip  of  the  caudal  horn,  which  is  now  reddish  above  and  below. 
Spiracles  black.      Length,  28  mm.      Moulted  June  2  2d. 

Siage  VI. — Body  decidedly  bluish  green,  more  so  than  in  the  last 
stage,  especially  along  the  dorsal  region,  granular.  Subdorsal  line  and 
oblique  stripe  like  before.  Caudal  horn  bluish  purple.  Thoracic  feet 
purplish.  Abdominal  legs  purplish  outside.  Spiracles  black,  center 
white.      Length,  55  mm. 

Food-plants:  Cherry,  wild  and  cultivated,  plum,  apple,  elm,  oak, 
hazel,  willow,  poplar,  hornbeam,  birch,  ash,  etc. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  THREE  LEPIDOPTEROUS 

LARViE. 

By  William  Beutenmuller. 
Alaria  florida. 

Head  shining  green  ;  cervical  shield  green  with  a  purplish  patch 
on  each  side  ;  body  bright  green,  covered  with  numerous,  elevated, 
white  granules  ;  dorsal  line  and  indications  of  a  line  above  the  spira- 
cles darker  green.  There  is  also  a  trace  of  a  faint  pale  line  along  the 
spiracles.  Junctions  of  segments  with  a  narrow  yellow  transverse 
line  above.  Lhiderside  smooth,  bright  green  with  a  whitish  tinge. 
Length,  30  mm. 

Found  on  evening  primrose,  August  17th.  The  moth  emerged  the 
following  July. 

tiadena  devastatrix. 

Head  very  glossy  chestnut  brown  ;  smooth  parts  pitchy  black  ; 
cervical  shield  rounded  at  the  sides  and  behind,  testaceous  ;  anterior 
edge  blackish,  glossy  ;  body  dirty  brownish  white,  very  glossy,  with 
a  dark  band  on  a  junction  of  each  segment.  A  few  short  hairs  are 
scattered  over  the  body,  which  arise  from  minute  piliferous  spots. 
Thoracic  feet  testaceous,  tips  pitchy  black  ;  spiracles  black  ;  abdom- 
inal legs  not  prominently  developed.     Length,  30  mm. 

Found  under  a  stone,  May  27th,  living  in  a  burrow  about  three 
inches  deep. 


June,  igoi.]  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE    SOCJETY.  91 

PROCEEDINGS     OF    THE    NEW    YORK     ENTOMO- 
LOGICAL SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  October   i6,  1900. 

Held  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  Chas.  Palm,  172  E.  64th  St.  Vice-President  Palm 
in  the  chair.  Nine  members  and  two  visitors  present.  Mr.  Joutel  acted  as  recording 
secretary /re  tern,  in  absence  of  Mr.  Shaeffer. 

Mr.   E.   P.   Felt  was    proposed  for  corresponding    membership  by  Mr.    Joutel. 

Mr.  Chas.  Palm  exhibited  some  rare  coleoptera  from  Arizona,  collected  by  Dr. 
Kunze,  amongst  which  were  Cychrus  siioivii,  from  the  Pima  Mountains,  Afelanophila 
mirandi,  Plusiotis  gloriosa,  P.  lecontei,  P.  luoodii,  Chalcolepiduis  sniaragdinus,  C. 
tartariais,  C.  behrensii,  C.  7vebhi,  Xvlorydcs  faitims.  He  also  showed  an  intermedi- 
ate form  of  Z^j'wr/.fto ///jv/j  and  ^Trt/^/"//.  After  discussion  and  informal  meeting,  ad- 
journment. 

Meeting  of  October  20,  1900. 

Held  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  S.  Beyer,  511  E.  117th  St.  President  Beutenmiiller 
in  the  chair.      Ten  members  present. 

The  treasurer  was  authorized  to  deposit  in  the  savings  bank  such  money  as  he 
deemed  advisable  to  put  out  on  interest.  Mr.  E.  P.  Felt  was  elected  a  corresponding 
member  of  the  Society.  On  motion  it  was  decided  to  have  an  outing  on  December 
1st  and  2d  to  the  Ramapo  Mountains.  Mr.  Weeks  reported  the  death  of  Rev. 
George  D.  Hulst,  and  upon  motion  Messrs.  Beutenmiiller  and  Weeks  were  appointed 
as  a  committee  to  draft  resolutions  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Hulst.  Mr.  Schaeffer  exhibited 
a  series  of  Callichroma  splendida,  from  the  usual  green  to  the  entirely  blue  forms. 
Mr.  Beyer  then  showed  part  of  his  collection,  calling  attention  to  his  latest  captures 
from  Florida,  Montana  and  North  Carolina.  His  collection  contains  many  fine  series 
of  Cychorus,  viz. :  C.  giiyotii,  C.  andreiusii,  C.  ridingsii,  C.  stenostomiis  var.  bicar- 
inattts,  C-  canadensis,  C.  vidinis,  C.  clevattis  var.  keros  and  C.  heiiipJiillii. 

Meeting  of  December  4,  1900. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  Beutenniiiller  in 
the  chair.      Eight  members  present. 

Mr.  F.  D.  Watson,  was  proposed  for  active  membership  by  Mr.  Joutel. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  showed  an  example  of  Papilio  iiicrope  var.  cenea  which  mim- 
ics the  female  of  Diadcnta  ndsippus. 

Mr.  Barber  spoke  on  a  collection  of  Coleoptera  taken  at  Cold  Spring  Harbor, 
L.  I. 

Messrs.  Beutenmiiller  and  Weeks  having  been  appointed  a  committee  at  the  last, 
meeting  of  the  Society,  to  draft  a  fitting  memorial  regarding  the  death  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Geo.  D.  Hulst,  presented  the  following  resolutions  : 

Resolved,  That  by  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  George  D.  Hulst,  a  member  of  this 
Society,  this  community  has  lost  a  true  educator,  a  keen  and  enthusiastic  scientist  and 
an  estimable  and  worthy  citizen,  his  congregation  a  faithful  and  earnest  pastor,  the 
unfortunate  a  genuine  comforter  and  alleviator,  his  family  a  beloved  husband  and 
father,  and  we  a  valued  associate  and  friend. 


92  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Resolved,  That  we  sincerely  mourn  for  the  bright  and  genial  companion,  the 
pleasing  and  sympathetic  instructor,  the  ever-ready  and  attractive  speaker,  the  indus- 
trious and  intelligent  student,  the  man,  valiant  for  the  right  yet  modest  and  unassum- 
ing, by  foes  respected  and  admired,  by  friends  honored  and  esteemed. 

Resolved,  That  we  deeply  regret  his  sudden  and  untimely  departure  in  the  meri- 
dian of  his  experience  and  powers,  while  his  master  hand  was  on  the  key,  alert  to 
complete  his  self-allotted  tasks  in  the  solution  of  those  problems  of  nature  to  which 
he  had  devoted  so  large  a  portion  of  his  abounding  talents  and  energies. 

Resolved,  That  these  resolutions  be  inserted  in  the  minutes  of  the  Society  and  a 
copy  thereof  sent  to  the  family  of  the  deceased. 

Meeting  of  December  iS,  1900. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  In  absence  of  the  President 
and  Vice-President,  Mr.  L.  H.  Joiitel  was  elected  as  chairman  pro  tent.  Twelve 
members  present. 

Mr.  F.  D.  Watson  was  elected  an  active  member  of  the  Society.  , 

Mr.  Kearfott  and  Dr.  Love  were  appointed  as  a  committee  to  nominate  officers 
for  the  year  1901. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  exhibited  a  number  of  Coleoptera  collected  in  the  vicinity  of  New 
York  :  Melasis  pedinicornis,  Deltoinetopus  ruflpes,  Entomophthalmus  riifioliis,  Mic- 
rorrhagus  suhsinuatus,  M.  hiiinerahis,  M.  aiidax,  Hypocalus  frontosus,  and  Schizo- 
phibis  siibrtifus.  He  also  spoke  on  the  different  way  of  collecting.  The  species 
referred  to  live  in  dead  branches,  generally  oak. 

After  discussion  adjournment. 

Meeting  of  January  15,  1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  Bcutenmiiller  in 
the  chair.      Nine  members  present. 

The  treasurer  presented  his  report  on  the  finances  of  the  Society  for  the  year 
1900,  which  was  accepted,  and  referred  to  the  auditing  committee.  The  following 
officers  were  elected  for  the  year  1901 :  President,  Wm.  Beutenmiiller ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Wm.  D.  Kearfott  ;  Treasurer,  I^.  H.  Joutel ;  Recording  Secretary,  Chas. 
Schaeffer ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  C.  F.  Groth ;  Executive  Committee,  Chas. 
Palm,  H.  Hug,  C.  F.  Groth,  R.  Ottolengui,  O.  Seifert ;  Publication  Committee,  Wm. 
Beutenmiiller,  L.  H.  Joutel,  Chas.  Schaeffer  and  Chas.  Palm. 

Mr.  Kearfott  extended  an  invitation  to  the  members  to  meet  in  his  house  at 
Montclair,  N.  J.,  on  January  27th,  to  examine  his  large  collection  of  Lepidoptera. 
After  a  general  discussion,  adjournment. 

Meeting  of  February  5,  1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  Beutenmiiller  in 
the  chair.      Nine  members  present. 

The  resignations  of  Messrs.  E.  Shoemaker  and  Ernest  T-  Munch  were  read 
and  accepted. 

Mr.  L.  Kriiger,  of  Stettin,  Germany,  was  proposed  for  corresponding  membership 
by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller. 


June,  igoi.]  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE    SOCIETY.  93 

Mr.  Schaeffei"  exhibited  the  species  of  Trechns,  among  which  was  a  new  species 
collected  on  Mt.  Mitchell,  western  North  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller.  The  dif- 
ferences between  the  species  were  pointed  out,  also  the  more  salient  characters  of  the 
new  species.  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  spoke  on  the  habits  of  Trechns  hydropicn^  and  the 
new  species,  both  of  which  he  stated  lived  in  deep  damp  moss  and  were  obtained  by 
sifting. 

Meeting  of  Fefsruakv  iS,   1901. 

Held  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  C.  F.  Groth,  139  E.  40th  St.  President  I>euten- 
miiller  in  the  chair.      Fourteen  members  present. 

Mr.  L.  Kriiger,  proposed  at  a  previous  meeting,  was  elected  a  corresponding 
member. 

On  motion  it  was  decided  that  the  Journal  shall  not  be  sent  to  members  in  the 
arrears  with  their  dues  for  one  year. 

Mr.  Groth  exhibited  his  collection  of  insect  architecture. 

The  president  appointed  the  following  committees:  Field  Committee,  Wm.  D. 
Kearfott,  and  Dr.  E.  G.  Love.  Auditing  Committee  :  H.  G.  Barber,  O.  Seifert,  and 
Chas.  Palm.  Delegates  to  the  Scientific  Alliance,  Dr.  E.  G.  Love  and  C.  Y .  Groth 
and  the  president  by  the  constitutions  of  the  Alliance. 

The  death  of  Mr.  Frederick  Clarkson,  a  member  of  this  society  was  announced 
by  Mr.  Groth,  and  upon  motion  Mr.  A.  C.  Weeks  was  asked  to  draft  proper  resolu- 
tions on  the  death  of  our  fellow  member,  whereupon  Mr.  Weeks  piresented  the  fol- 
lowing : 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  meml)ers  of  this  Society,  sincerely  regret  the  death  of  our 
associate  and  realize  that  thereby  we  have  lost  a  worthy  member,  a  genial  and  cour- 
teous companion  and  a  respected  and  valued  friend. 

Resolved,  That  these  resolutions  be  entered  in  our  minutes  and  a  copy  thereof 
transmitted  to  the  family  of  the  deceased. 

After  a  social  and  informal  meeting,  adjournment. 

Meeting  of  RLvrch  5,   1900. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Dr.  Love  in  the  chair, //<? 
tern.      Eleven  members  present. 

The  following  motions  were  made  and  accepted  :  ( i )  That  a  sum  not  exceed- 
ing three  dollars  be  appropriated  to  defray  the  expenses  of  each  social  meeting  held 
at  a  member's  house.  (2)  That  this  Society  shall  hold  a  subscription  dinner  on  April 
17th,  provided  a  sufficient  number  of  members  and  their  friends  participate,  and  the 
arrangements  for  the  dinner  be  left  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Chas.  Palm.  (3)  That  a 
certificate  of  membership  be  prepared.  (4)  That  a  circular  soliciting  new  members 
and  subscribers  to  the  JOURNAL  be  issued  at  the  expense  of  the  Society. 

Mr.  Watson  showed  an  interesting  aberration  of  Pamphila  hobotitok  taken  in 
Van  Courtlandt  Park,  N.  Y.  The  upper  left-hand  side  of  the  specimen  was  the  nor- 
mal dimorphic  female,  pocohontas,  while  the  right-hand  side  showed  the  yellow  mark- 
ings o[  hobomok.  The  under  side  was  entirely  abnormal,  lieing  a  mixture  oi  hohoinok 
and  VAX.  pocohontas ;  the  markings  are  not  symmetrical,  the  left  side  being  entirely 
different  from  the  right. 


94:  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Mr.  Schaefter  exhibited  the  following  rare  Coleoptera  taken  in  the  vicinity  of 
New  York.  Splueridiiiin  scarabiEoides,  taken  in  West  P'arms.  He  stated  that  Dr, 
Horn  had  omitted  this  European  species  from  our  fauna,  in  his  paper  on  Sphxriditiiii, 
but  that  other  specimens  had  been  taken  in  Wisconsin  and  Canada,  and  that  the  spe- 
cies should  be  included  in  our  lists.  Dicraiiopselaphiis  variegatus,  taken  by  Sweep- 
ing low  plants  ;  Crosimtis  obesulus  taken  by  sifting  old  leaves  at  Greenwood  Lake, 
N.  J.,  in  June.  Cerophytuin  piilsaior,  from  Fort  L.ee,  N.  J.,  Europs pallipe)inis,  from 
buds  of  hickory  in  Mosholu,  Phyllobrotica  discoidea,  taken  in  number  at  Arlington,  N. 
].,  by  sweeping  in  meadows  ;  this  is  the  first  record  of  its  occurrence  in  New  Jersey. 
Cassida  nebulosa  was  taken  by  Dr.  Love  and  Mr.  Miinch  at  Suffern,  N.  Y. ;  as  com- 
pared with  the  European  form  of  this  species,  they  are  smaller  but  otherwise  seem  to 
agree  very  well.  Rhinosiiiius  csneipennis  was  taken  in  the  Highlands,  N.  J.,  by  beat- 
ing oak  branches  and  Sttplianoclecnus planibeiis  taken  in  Mosholu  under  stones. 

Meeting  of  March  19,  1901. 

Held  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  Beutenmiiller,  106  \V.  133  St.  Ten  members 
present. 

Mr.  Palm  proposed  that  the  subscription  dinner  of  the  society  be  held  at  the 
Arion  Hall,  59th  St.  and  4th  Ave.  He  stated  that  a  sufficient  number  of  members 
had  subscribed  to  make  the  affair  a  success. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  showed  a  large  series  of  lantern  slides,  illustrating  mimicry, 
protective  coloration  and  life  histories  of  many  species  of  Lepidoptera.  He  also  showed 
by  means  of  a  lantern  a  series  of  slides  of  views  taken  in  the  Black  Mountains  in 
western  North  Carolina.     After  informal  meeting,  adjournment. 

Meeting  of  April  2,   1901. 
Held  at  the  American   Museum  of   Natural   History.      President    Beutenmiiller 
in  the  chair.      Eleven  members  present. 

Mr.  Kearfott  reported  on  the  proposed  field  meetings  of  the  Society,  viz.  : 
April  14th  Mountclair,  N.  J.  ;  May  4-5,  Suffern,  N.  Y.  ;  May  18-19,  Green- 
wood Lake,  N.  J.  ;  May  30  to  June  I,  Ramapo,  N.  Y.  ;  June  15-16,  Lake  Hop- 
tatcong,  N.  J.  ;  June  21-23,  Anglesea,  N.  J.  Members  of  the  Brooklyn  and  New- 
ark Entomological  Societies  were  cordially  invited  to  attend  these  meetings.  Mr. 
Schaeffer  recorded  the  occurrence  of  Ap/todiiis  /ongiiliis  taken  by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller 
at  Fort  Lee,  N.  ].  The  specimen  was  dug  out  of  a  decaying  chestnut  stump  where 
it  probably  hibernated.  He  also  showed  a  specimen  of  Treckus  barbai-ce.  Mr.  Beu- 
tenmiiller, spoke  on  some  Pacific  coast  species  of  Catocala.  He  stated  that  a  sup- 
posed type  of  C.  niariana  Hy.  Edw.,  in  the  Strecker  collection  was  identical  with  C. 
californica  and  that  the  true  types  of  mariana  in  the  Hy.  Edwards  collection  was  an 
entirely  different  insect.  He  also  showed  a  series  of  Catocala  from  Lake  Tahoe, 
Sierra  Nevada,  Calif.,  which  he  was  unaljle  to  identify.  After  discussion,  adjourn- 
ment. 

Meeting  of  April  16,  1901. 

Held  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  Chas.  Palm.  In  the  absence  of  the  President  and 
\'ice-President,  Mr.  Palm  was  elected  chairman,  pro  tern.     Eight  members  present. 

No  business  was  transacted  and  the  entire  evening  was  devoted  to  informal  dis- 
cussions, on  collecting  grounds  and  inspecting  beetles  exhibited  by  Mr.  Palm. 


June,  1901.J  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  95 

Mkettng  of  May  7,  1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural   History.      Seven  members  present. 

Mr.  Beutenmuller  proposed  Messrs.  Thomas  O'Connor  and  E.  Irving  Hunting- 
ton, both  of  New  York,  for  active  membership. 

Mr.  Beutenmuller  recommended  that  the  sum  of  $25.00  be  appropriated  for  the 
purpose  of  soliciting  members  for  the  society.  On  motion  this  sum  was  allotted  for 
this  purpose.  The  following  amendment  to  the  by-laws  was  offered  :  That  IH,  sec- 
tion 4,  should  read  as  follows  :  Any  person  may,  by  the  payment  of  fifty  dollars  in 
lieu  of  annual  dues,  become  a  life-member,  in  payment  of  one  hundred  dollars  become 
a  patron  and  in  payment  of  five  hundred  dollars  become  a  patron. 

Mr.  Beutenmuller  spoke  on  the  introduction  of  the  Chinese  Manlid,  Tenodei-a 
sinensis  at  Mt.  Airy,  Pa.  He  stated  while  on  a  visit  to  Mr.  Laurent  at  that  place,  he 
had  picked  off  a  tree  an  egg-mass  of  this  species,  which  very  much  resembles  a  cocoon 
of  Tclea  polyphejtius.  He  further  stated  that  Mr.  Laurent  had  subsequently  found  the 
£gg-n''asses  in  abundance.  Mr.  Beutenmuller  also  stated  that  he  had  liberated  over 
one  hundred  young  T.  sinensis  at  Fort  Lee,  N.  J.,  and  that  he  had  failed  to  raise  them 
in  captivity,  owing  to  the  want  of  proper  food. 

The  following  Lepidoptera,  presented  by  Mrs.  Slosson,  and  to  be  .sold  at  auction 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Journal,  were  exhibited.  Amea  portia,  Eunica  iatila,  Enda- 
nms  zestos,  E.  batabano,  Pamphila  ethlius,  Thecla  niartialis,  Pergesia  thorates.  Sphinx 
canadensis,  Dilophonota  caicus,  Cautellim  grotei,  Alypia  ivittfeldii,  Biirtia  behe,  Com- 
posia  fidelissiina,  Syntomia  epilais,  Eiiclicctes  abdominalis,  Scepsis  edwardsii,  Euhalis- 
idota  longa,  Halisidota  cindipes,  Ecpantheria  scribonia  var.  deniidata,  Lagoa  pyxidi- 
fera,  Lagoa  opercularis,  Ilypercheria  lilith,  Hypa'pax  aitrisiriata,  etc. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  A.  C.  Weeks  a  vote  of  thanks  was  extended  to  Mrs.  Slosson 
for  her  generous  donation. 

Mr.  A.  C.  Weeks  read  the  following  paper  :  "  Suggestions  for  Collecting  Insects 
with  Least  Injury."  The  true  collector  studied  to  preserve  his  captures  as  perfectly 
as  possible.  The  more  perfect  a  specimen  the  moi-e  valuable  and  attractive  was  it  for 
cabinet  purposes  as  well  as  more  capable  of  accurate  identification.  Lepidoptera  by 
reason  of  their  fragility  required  more  care  than  insects  of  other  orders.  The  principal 
situations  of  capture  were  in  the  field,  at  light  or  sugar  and  when  bred.  In  the  field 
he  recommended  the  use  of  one  jar  for  killing  and  any  other  jar  for  storing,  in  which  the 
specimens  folded  in  paper  could  be  packed.  Among  these  papered  specimens  any  of 
those  of  the  other  orders  unpapered  could  be  placed  after  killing.  This  method  seemed 
on  the  whole  preferable  to  the  use  of  collecting  bo.\es  which  were  objectionable  on  ac- 
count of  inaccuracy  in  pinning,  exposure  to  injury  and  liability  of  insect  to  revive,  be- 
sides being  cumbersome  to  carry,  whde  on  the  other  hand  specimens  in  stone  jars 
could  be  {tinned  with  care  or  relaxed  at  leisure,  were  never  exposed  to  light  or  air 
currents  and  could  not  revive.  The  storing  jar  answered  a  double  purpose,  not  only 
for  storing,  but  if  required,  of  killing  as  well — also  insects  papered  and  firmly  secured 
in  stone  jars  relieved  the  collector  from  any  solicitation  as  to  his  movements.  At  light 
and  sugar,  where  numbers  of  insects  were  taken  in  rapid  succession  and  papering  was 
impossible  or  inconvenient,  it  would  be  found  advisable  to  have  large  storing  jars  sta- 
tioned at  short  intervals  into  which  the  captures  could  be  transferred.  Separate  jars 
should  be  carried  for  larger  specimens  and  those  likely  to  cause  injury  by  their  spiny 


96  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.  [Voi.  ix. 

legs  in  struggling  to  escape.  Those  bred,  if  diurnals,  should  be  kept  in  absolute  dark- 
ness, if  nocturnals,  in  as  much  light  as  possible,  but  not  sunlight  glare,  to  prevent  flut- 
tering. Large  Lepidoptera  such  as  .-4.  a}-chippus  could  be  carrried  safely  in  a  jar  with- 
out paper  by  wedging,  i.  e  ,  after  covering  the  bottom  of  the  jar  with  as  many  as  could 
be  placed  upright  with  wings  folded,  additional  specimens  with  wings  likewise  folded 
could  be  inserted  in  an  upright  position  between  two  adjacent  wings  of  different  speci- 
mens, the  insect  to  be  inserted  being  held  by  tweezers  and  the  separation  effected  by 
a  thin  blade.  To  remove  the  specimens  they  should  be  tapped,  and  not  lifted,  out. 
Insects  of  other  orders  should  not  be  introduced  among  lepidoptera  thus  packed. 
Coleoptera  and  Hemiptera  should  be  collected  in  jars  half  filled  with  well-crumpled 
tissue  paper,  but  not  cotton.  Beetles  with  a  fine  bloom  or  pubescence  should  be 
wrapped  in  paper  to  prevent  marring.  If  the  collecting  be  general,  the  killing  jar 
need  have  no  lining  except  blotting  paper,  fitted  accurately,  and  all  captures  might  be 
transferred  to  the  stone  jar  containing  the  papered  Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera.  Neur- 
optera  on  account  of  the  fragile  character  of  their  bodies  and  rOthoptera  on  account  of 
their  spiny  legs  and  secretions  should  be  stored  separately  in  jars  half-filled  with 
crumpled  tissue  paper.  All  captures  should  be  transferred  from  the  storing  jars  to  a 
relaxing  vessel  as  speedily  as  possible  and  no  mounting  should  be  done  until  at  least 
one  day's  relaxation  had  been  allowed. 

Meeting  of  May  21,  1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  Beutenmiiller  in 
the  chair.     Seven  members  present. 

Messrs.  Thomas  D.  O'Connor  and  E.  Irving  Huntingtcn,  proposed  at  a  previous 
meeting,  were  elected  active  members  of  the  Society. 

Mr.  Palm  presented  a  bill  for  extra  expenses  incurred  by  the  dinner  held  by  the 
Society,  April  17th,  and  upon  motion  the  Treasurer  was  authorized  to  pay  the  same. 

Dr.  Love  reported  on  the  good  progiess  made  by  the  Scientific  Alliance  towards 
a  building  for  the  societies.  He  also  spoke  on  the  advisability  of  our  Society  of  hold- 
ing one  meeting  a  month,  but  no  action  was  taken. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  made  some  remarks  on  the  species  of  Oiiiophron,  illustrated  by 
specimens. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  exhibited  progressive  proofs  of  plates  on  food-habits  of  North 
American  Sesiidte  and  a  copy  of  the  complete  work,  which  he  said  would  be  issued 
in  a  few  days.  He  also  spoke  on  a  monograph  of  the  genus  Catocala  which  he  was 
now  preparing  and  exhibited  colored  drawings  of  the  black-winged  species. 

Mr.  Barber  showed  some  Coleoptera  bred  from  hickory  and  sumac. 


Journ.  N.   Y.  Enf.  Soc. 


Vol.  IX.     PI.  in. 


Structural  details  of  Augochlora  humeralis. 


Vol.  IX.     PL  IV. 


Architecture  of  AiMOchlora  and  Colletes. 


Joiirn.  N.   Y.  En/.  Sor. 


r»/.  /A'.    /'/.  rv. 


Aberration  of  Papilio  philenor, 


Joiirn.    N.   V.    Eut.    Soc. 


Vol.    IX.      PL    VI. 


Aberration  of  Papilio  philenor, 


JOURNAL 


J}f\a  igopk  €!ntoraoIogirHl  HoriFtg. 

\^ol.  IX.  SEPTEMBER,  1901.  No.  3. 

DESCRIPTIONS   OF   NEW  TIPULID^. 

BV    R.     W.     DOANE. 

In  my  first  article  on  North  American  Tipulidte  (Jour.  X.  Y.  Ext. 
Soc,  Vol.  VIII,  No.  3)  a  number  of  mistakes  occurred  which  were 
■  corrected  in  some  of  the  separates  sent  out  by  me.  It  may  be  well  to 
note  these  corrections  here.  Dicranoptycha  boreal  is,  should  read  Lim- 
nobia  boreaUs  ;  Cfxptolabis  bisbiuatis  should  read  Cryptolabis  bisimiata  ; 
Limnophila  flavapUa  should  read  LininopJiila  flavipila ;  Phyllolabis 
obscuris  should  read  Phyllolabis  obsciira ;  Ainalopis  disphaiia  should 
read  Amalopis  diaphaua  ;  the  reference  to  the  plate  after  Folya/ii^iai/s 
maailatus  should  read  PI.  VIII,  Fig.  20,  instead  of  PI.  VII,  Fig,  20. 

I  am  under  obligations  to  Prof.  J.  M.  Aldrich,  Univ.  of  Idaho  ; 
Prof.  Trevor  Kincaid,  Univ.  of  Wash.;  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard,  U.  S. 
Entomologist  and  Curator  of  Insects  for  the  National  Museum,  for 
large  series  of  Tipulidse  from  their  respective  collections  ;  also  to  Prof. 
V.  L.  Kellogg,  Stanford  University  ;  Prof.  Jas.  Hines,  Univ.  of  Ohio  ; 
Mr.  G.  Chagnon,  Montreal,  and  to  others  for  smaller  valuable  series ; 
also  to  those  having  charge  of  the  insect  collections  in  the  National 
Museum  and  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  in  Cambridge 
for  the  privilege  of  studying  the  Tipulidas  in  these  collections. 

Tipula  illustris,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  yellowish  ;  front  and  occiput  dark  brown  or  blackish  ;  rostrum 
short,  yellowish  below,  brown  above  ;  nasus  darker  brown  ;  palpi  brown  ;  antenna; 
rather  long,  reaching  beyond  the  base  of  the  wing,  dark  brown  or  black,  first  and 
second  joints  sometimes  lighter  especially  below,  joints  beyond  the  third  incrassate 
below  at  base  ;  mesonotum  dark  brown,  with  a  narrower  median  black  line  and  two 
very  indistinct  lateral  lighter  lines  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  yellowish,  the  brown 
-Stripe   in   the   middle  bordered   by  a   brownish  area  varying   in  width  ;   collare  light 


98  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

brown  with  three  darker  spots  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yellowish  ;  mesopleura  and 
sternopleura  very  dark  grayish  ;  pteropleura  and  hypopleura  light  grayish  ;  metapleura 
yellowish  ;  halteres  yellowish  at  base,  infuscated  toward  tip,  knobs  brown ;  legs  brownish- 
yellow,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  brown  ;  abdomen  reddish-brown,  sometimes 
with  a  faint  median  brownish  line  ;  eighth  tergite  concealed  except  laterally  ;  hypopy- 
gium  very  small,  a  little  lighter  than  the  rest  of  the  abdomen,  upper  lamella  with  a 
wide  crescent-shaped  incision,  outer  lateral  appendages  of  lower  lamella  about  three 
times  as  long  as  wide,  incurved,  tip  rounded  ;  wings  uniformly  reddish-brown,  color- 
ing sometimes  a  little  less  dense  in  the  middle  of  some  of  the  cells  and  in  the  region 
of  the  stigma  which  is  not  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  wing  ;  veins  brown,  sometimes 
those  in  the  region  of  the  discal  cell  in  part  whitish.  Length,  male  9-10  mm.,  wing 
12-13  nini- 

Habitat :  St.  Anthony,  Idaho,  two  males.  (Type)  Aldrich.  Olym- 
pia,  Wash.,  two  males.  Kincaid.  Yakama,  Wash.,  one  male.  Bat- 
tle Creek,  Mich.,  two  males.  Aldrich.  Type  no.  147.  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  dorsolineata,  sp.  nov. 

Cinereous  ;  head  light  yellowish,  somewhat  cinereous  above  ;  rostrum  short,  some- 
what darker,  with  a  fuscous  lateral  line  ;  palpi  fuscous  to  blackish ;  antennae  of  male 
reaching  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  first  and  second  joints  light  yellowish,  others 
fuscous,  cylindrical  ;  antennae  of  female  hardly  reaching  the  base  of  the  wings  ;  meso- 
notum  cinereous  with  an  indistinct  narrow  median  fuscous  stripe  and  two  much  broader 
fuscous  stripes  on  each  side,  the  outer  pair  not  reaching  the  anterior  margin ;  a  rather 
broad  yellowish  median  line  running  from  the  suture  to  the  base  of  the  abdomen  ;  col- 
lare  brown  with  three  yellow  spots ;  scutellum  light  yellowish,  lateral  margin  more  or 
less  fuscous  ;  metanotum  whitish-yellow  with  two  broad  lateral  fuscous  stripes  ;  pleura 
mostly  brown,  pteropleura  and  a  few  spots  along  the  sutures  much  lighter  brown  ; 
halteres  brown,  yellowish  at  the  base,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellowish-brown,  the  tarsi 
and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  the  tibia  darker ;  abdomen  brownish,  the  anterior  mar- 
gin of  each  segment  lighter,  the  posterior  and  lateral  margins  much  darker  brown  ; 
hypopygium  small,  concolorous  with  abdomen  ;  upper  lamella  with  a  deep  V-shaped 
incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep  Y-shaped  incision,  the  upper  pair  of  lateral  ap- 
pendages is  somewhat  spatulate  and  brownish,  the  lower  pair  is  smaller  and  brownish- 
yellow  ;  eighth  and  ninth  terga  of  abdomen  of  female  yellowish,  shining,  with  three 
brown  spots  ;  ovipositor  yellowish,  dai'ker  at  the  base,  upper  valves  rounded  at  the 
tip,  lower  valves  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  upper  valves  ;  wings  hyaline, 
with  a  slight  grayish  tinge  ;  subcostal  cell  brownish  ;  very  faint  lighter  streaks  in 
nearly  all  the  other  cells  ;  stigma  brown,  surrounded  by  an  indistinct  whitish  cloud  ; 
a  small  whitish  spot  in  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  incompletely  connected  with  the  one 
around  the  stigma  ;  discal  cell  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide ;  petiole  of 
second  posterior  cell  nearly  equal  to  the  width  of  the  discal  cell.  Length,  male  10 
mm.,  female  14  mm.,  wing  11  nmi. 

Habitat :  Pullman,  Wash.,  five  males,  ten  females.  (Type)  Key- 
port,  Wash.,  one  female.  Doane.  Type  no.  148.  Wash.  Agric. 
Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


Sept.,i9oi.]         DoANE :  Descriptions  of  New  Tipulid.e.  99 

Tipula  sulphurea,  sp,  nov. 

Brownish  ;  head  yellowish,  brownish  to  cinereous  above,  with  a  faint  fuscous 
streak  ;  rostrum  yellowish,  rather  short ;  nasus  short,  with  yellowish  hairs  ;  palpi  brown- 
ish to  black,  yellowish  toward  the  base  ;  first  three  joints  of  antennae  yellowish,  second 
somewhat  darker,  others  brownish  black  ;  antennse  of  male  reaching  beyond  the  base 
of  the  wings  ;  antennre  of  female  lighter  and  shorter,  not  reaching  to  the  base  of  the 
wings ;  mesonotum  brownish  with  three  indistinct  darker  brown  lines,  the  median 
one  divided  by  a  faint  narrow  cinereous  line  ;  collare  brown,  lateral  margins  grayish  ; 
scutellum  and  metanotum  light  yellow;  the  posterior  half  of  the  pleura  sulphur  yel- 
low ;  mesopleura  and  stenopleura  and  the  base  of  the  first  and  second  coxce  slate 
colored  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  light  brownish  ;  halteres  brownish,  extreme  base 
yellowish  ;  legs  brown,  the  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  tibia  darker  ;  base 
of  the  femora  somewhat  yellowish  ;  abdomen  brownish  yellow,  the  posterior  margin 
of  each  segment  lighter;  a  rather  broad,  broken  brown  stripe  on  each  side  of  the 
terga  and  a  similar  one  the  sterna;  basal  half  of  eighth  segment  brown,  distal  half 
yellow  ;  hypopygium  yellow  ;  upper  lamella  terminating  in  two  short,  blunt,  black 
points  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep  incision  from  the  base  of  which  arises  a  pair  of 
long  membranous  upward  and  inward  projecting  appendages  ;  the  brown  stripe  on  the 
abdomen  of  the  female  broader  and  more  complete  ;  eighth  and  ninth  terga  short ; 
ovipositor  reddish-brown,  acute,  lower  valves  reaching  beyond  the  base  of  the  upper 
valves  ;  wings  immaculate  with  a  slight  grayish  tinge  ;  stigma  and  veins  brown  ;  the 
subcostal  cell  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cell  with  a  slight  yellowish  or 
brownish  tinge  ;  discal  cell  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  wide  ;  petiole  of  the 
second  posterior  cell  about  equal  to  the  length  of  this  cell  ;  fifth  posterior  cell  not 
in  contact  with  the  discal  cell.  Length,  male  13  mm.,  female  15  mm.,  wing  li 
mm. 

Habitat:  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  sixteen  males  six  females.  Aid- 
rich.     Type  no.  149.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  fumosa,  sp.  nov. 

Grayish  brown  ;  head  silvery  gray  pollinose,  dark  brown  above  ;  rostrum  short, 
thick  ;  nasus  inconspicuous,  with  short  yellow  hairs  ;  palpi  and  antennas  dark  brown, 
the  latter  reaching  but  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings  in  the  male  ;  basal  seg- 
ment grayish,  last  segment  very  minute ;  mesonotum  light  brown  with  three  very 
broad  darker  brown  stripes  which  are  darker  bordered,  the  median  one  divided  by  a 
narrow,  indistinct  darker  line  ;  collare  grayish-brown  with  three  darker  spots  ; 
scutellum  light  grayish-brown  with  a  median  darker  line  ;  metanotum,  pleura  and 
coxae  silvery  gray  pollinose  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  light  brownish  ;  halteres  brown- 
ish yellow,  knobs  brown  ;  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  dark  brown,  femora 
yellowish,  tibia  brownish  ;  abdomen  dull  brown,  posterior  and  lateral  margins  of 
each  segment  grayish  ;  eighth  tergite  visible  only  at  the  sides  ;  hypopygium  small, 
concolorous  with  rest  of  abdomen  ;  upper  lamella  terminating  in  two  short,  black, 
blunt,  tooth-like  projections  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep  V-shaped  incision  ;  ovipositor 
short,  base  blackish  ;  valves  reddish-brown ;  upper  valves  slender,  acute  ;  lower 
valves  shorter  and  much  broader ;  wings  immaculate,  with  a  dark  tinge  which  is  a 
little  darker  anteriorly  ;   an   indistinct   whitish  space  in  front  of  the   brown  stigma  ; 


100  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.          [voi.  ix. 

discal  cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide  ;   petiole  of  second   posterior  cell  short. 
Length,  male  lo  mm.,  female  12  mm.,   wing  12  mm. 

Habitat :    Columbus,    Ohio,    seven    males,   one   female.      Hines. 
Type  no.  150.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  rostellata,  sp.  nov. 

Black  ;  head  blackish,  darker  above,  grayish  beneath  the  antennre  and  eyes  ; 
rostrum  black,  rather  short  and  stout ;  nasus  with  black  or  brownish  hair ;  palpi 
black  ;  antennae  brownish  black,  the  tips  of  the  basal  joints  of  the  flagellum  some- 
what enlarged  and  produced  below,  not  furni.shed  with  verticillate  hairs  ;  last  joint 
much  more  slender  than  the  preceding  joint  ;  mesonotum  dark  slate-color,  with  three 
longitudinal  grayish  stripes,  the  median  one  narrow  and  indistinct,  the  lateral  ones 
broader  ;  collare  dark  grayish-brown  with  two  darker  spots  ;  scutellum,  metanotum, 
pleura  and  coxlx:  blackish-gray  ;  dorso-pleural  membrane  reddish-brown ;  halteres 
brown,  knobs  darker  ;  legs  very  dark  brown,  femora  reddish-brown  toward  the  base  ; 
abdomen  dull  blacki.sh-brown  ;  dorsum  with  a  distinct,  broad,  reddish-brown  stripe  ; 
posterior  margin  of  each  segment  grayish  ;  hypopygium  small  ;  upper  lamella  black, 
posterior  margin  with  a  rather  broad  yellowish  lobe  on  each  side  leaving  a  deep  in- 
cision between  ;  lower  lamella  black  with  a  deep  narrow  incision  the  edges  of  which 
are  bordered  with  yellow,  with  two  pairs  of  broad,  yellowish  appendages,  the  upjier 
pair  broadly  ovate,  the  lower  inner  pair  drawn  out  to  an  acute  inward  projecting  point ; 
base  of  ovipositor  black,  valves  reddish-yellow  ;  lower  valves  very  short,  reaching 
but  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  upper  valves,  latter  not  arcuated  ;  wings  rather 
broad,  immaculate  ;  subcostal  cell,  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cell  and  the  stigma 
faint  brownish  yellow  ;  discal  cell  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide  ;  petiole  of 
second  posterior  cell  short  ;  veins  brown.  Length,  male  13  mm.,  female  15  mm., 
wing  14  mm. 

Habitat :  Colorado,  two  males,  two  females.      Morrison.      Type  no. 
151.      AVash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  cervicula,  sp,  nov. 

r.Iack  ;  head  velvety  black  ;  rostrum  black,  rather  short ;  nasus  indistinct  ;  palpi 
black  or  blackish-brown;  antennce  velvety  black,  joints  cylindrical,  base  verticillate 
with  short  black  hairs,  last  joint  very  short ;  mesonotum  velvety  black  with  four  rather 
broad  indistinct  grayish  lines  ;  scutellum,  metanotum,  pleura  and  coxa  black  ;  dorso- 
pleural  membrane  yellow  ;  halteres  brownish,  lighter  toward  the  base  ;  legs  black, 
base  of  femora  brownish-yellow  ;  abdomen  black,  posterior  and  lateral  margins  of 
each  segment  grayish  ;  hypopygium  small  but  rather  long  ;  upper  lamella  black  with 
a  deep  incision ;  lower  lamella  reddish-brown  with  a  very  deep,  broad  inci- 
sion ;  base  of  ovipositor  black,  valves  reddish-yellow,  upper  valves  straight,  tips 
somewhat  obtuse  ;  lower  valves  shorter,  broad,  flat ;  wings  immaculate,  with  a 
grayish  tinge ;  subcostal  cell  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cell  with  a  faint  yel- 
lowish brown  tinge  ;  stigma  brown  ;  discal  cell  hardly  twice  as  long  as  broad  ;  petiole 
of  the  second  posterior  cell  not  longer  than  the  discal  cell  ;  veins  brown  except  at  the 
base  of  the  discal  and  second  submarginal   cell   where  they  are  white  ;   the  grayish 


Sept.,i9oi.]  DOANE  :    DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NeW    TiPULID.B.  101 

tinge  is  less  intense  in  the  region  of  the  stigma  and  in  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  some- 
times making  these  parts  appear  whitish  or  hyaline.  Length,  male  ii  mm.,  female  15 
mm.,  wing  12  mm. 

Habitat :  jNIount  Rainier,  one  male,  two  females,  Piper.  Type, 
152.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  bituberculata,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  cinereous  with  a  median  brown  line  above,  two  small  tumid  proc- 
esses just  above  the  base  of  the  antenni^,  much  larger  in  the  female  ;  rostrum  short, 
stout,  yellow,  cinereous  above  ;  palpi  brown  ;  antenn;e  reaching  to  base  of  wings, 
wholly  brown,  segments  of  flagellum  cylindrical,  the  first  not  longer  than  the  succeed- 
ing four  or  five  ;  mesonotum  cinereous,  with  five  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones  some- 
what indistinct,  the  median  one  fusiform  ;  scutellum  light  yellowish  with  a  median 
brown  line  ;  metanotum  dark  gray  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yello-vish  ;  collare  grayish  ; 
pleura  cinereous  with  an  indistinct  yellowish  broken  line  running  from  the  base  of  the 
anterior  coxae  to  the  base  of  the  halteres  ;  pterostigma  yellow  spotted  ;  halteres  yellow, 
knobs  brownish  ;  legs  yellowish  brown  ;  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  darker ; 
abdomen  yellowish  abov$  with  three  dark  brown  stripes  ;  slate  cblored  beneath  ;  pos- 
terior margin  of  each  segment  yellow  ;  hypopygium  small  ;  upper  lamella  with  a  U- 
shaped  incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  narrow  deep  incision,  the  ventral  aspect  lighter 
than  the  lateral  aspect ;  ovipositor  reddish-brown  ;  upper  valves  arcuated,  acute  ; 
wings  with  a  grayish  tinge  somewhat  darker  along  the  veins  and  in  the  middle  of  the 
cells,  a  little  lighter  in  the  region  of  the  stigma  which  is  brown  ;  priufurca  short ;  dis- 
cal cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  10  mm.,  female  I4  mm., 
wing  II  mm. 

Habitat :  Calif,  two  males,  one  female.  Type  No.  153.  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  e^-  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  helvocincta,  sp.  nov. 

Black  ;  head  light  gray  with  a  median  dark  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  dark 
gray  ;  palpi  brown  ;  antennae  of  male  reaching  nearly  to  base  of  abdomen,  first  two 
segments  and  the  base  of  the  third  reddish  yellow,  others  black,  cylindrical  ;  meso- 
notum gray  with  four  brown  stripes  ;  scutellum,  metanotum,  pleura  and  coxk  gray  ; 
dorsopleural  membrane  light  yellowish  ;  collare  dark  grayish ;  halteres  yellowish, 
basal  half  of  knobs  brown,  distal  half  yellow  ;  legs  brown,  base  of  femora  reddi.sh- 
brown,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  black  ;  abdomen  black,  posterior  margin  of 
each  segment  yellow  ;  hypopygium  small,  black,  posterior  margin  of  the  upper 
lamella  depressed  with  two  median  longitudinal  shining  black  ridges ;  lower  lamella 
with  a  deep  broad  incision  the  margins  of  which  are  narrowly  bordered  with  yellow  ; 
svings  grayish-brown  ;  stigma  brown  ;  the  rhomboidal,  discal  and  fourth  posterior 
cells  almost  wholly  white  ;  the  basal  half  of  the  marginal  cells,  a  spot  in  the  first 
posterior  cell,  a  spot  before  the  stigma,  a  spot  beyond  the  middle  of  the  second  basal 
cell,  two  spots  near  the  middle  of  the  anal  cell  and  a  spot  in  the  anterior  margin  of 
the  axillary  cell  whitish  ;  discal  cell  four  times  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  14 
nmi.,  wing  14  mm. 


102  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Habitat :  Mount  Rainier,  Wash.,  two  males.  Piper.  Type  no. 
154.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

The  antenna;  of  l)0th  the  specimens  before  me  are  deformed,  mak- 
ing them  appear  only  eleven  or  twelve  jointed. 

Tipula  stalactoides,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  brownish-gra)'  with  a  median  rather  broader,  short,  brown  line 
above  ;  rostrum  short,  brownish-yellow,  darker  above  ;  antennne  reaching  to  base  of 
halteres,  brown,  first  two  segments  and  the  base  of  the  third  yellow  ;  joints  of  flagel- 
lura  cylindrical,  very  slightly  iucrassite  at  the  base;  mesonotum  brownish-gray  with 
six  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  pairs  narrow  and  converging  anteriorly,  the  median  pair 
broad,  parallel,  the  grayish  stripe  dividing  them  suddenly  broadened  in  the  middle  ; 
collare  grayish  with  three  brownish  spots  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yellowish  ;  scutel- 
lum,  metanotum,  mesopleura  and  sternopleura  dark  gray,  rest  of  pleura  yellowish- 
gray ;  halteres  brown,  base  yellow,  knobs  darker ;  legs  brownish  yellow,  tarsi  and 
tips  of  femora  and  tibia  brown  ;  abdomen  yellowish-brown,  with  three  broad  black 
stripes  ;  eighth  segment  black  ;  eighth  sternite  with  two  deep  longitudinal  folds  or 
depressions  which  are  abundantly  supplied  with  thick  yellowish  hair ;  hypopygium 
black ;  posterior  margin  of  upper  lamella  with  two  very  small  reddish"  brown  points  ; 
lower  lamella  with  a  median  whitish  streak  extending  its  entire  length,  posterior  lateral 
angles  whitish,  each  with  a  long,  slender,  whitish  membranous  appendage  which 
hangs  over  the  lower  lamella  ;  wings  hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal  and  anterior  margin 
of  the  anal  cells  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma  brown  ;  one  or  two  indistinct  whitish 
spots  in  the  region  of  the  stigma  and  a  fainter  spot  in  the  discal  cell ;  discal  cell  more 
than  four  times  as  long  as  wide.      Length,  male  12  mm.,  wing  12  mm. 

Habitat:  Unalaska,  three  males.  Kincaid.  Type  no.  155.  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  tristis,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  grayish-brown  with  a  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  grayish-brown  ; 
antennae  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  wholly  brown  ;  joints  four  to 
eight  rather  short,  thick,  constricted  in  the  middle,  incrassate  at  the  tip  ;  those  be- 
yond the  eighth  somewhat  longer,  also  constricted  in  the  middle  ;  mesonotum  light 
brownish  with  six  brown  stripes,  the  median  pair  broad,  parallel,  the  lateral  pairs 
narrow,  converging ;  collare  grayish-brown  with  five  brown  spots  ;  dorsopleural  mem- 
brane yellow  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  dark  brown  ;  pleura  blackish  with  yellow- 
ish pollen  ;  coxre  blackish  ;  halteres  yellowish,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellowish-brown, 
tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  tibia  darker  ;  abdomen  yellowish-brown,  pos- 
terior and  lateral  margins  of  each  segment  yellowish  to  grayish  ;  posterior  margin  of 
the  eighth  sternite  with  a  few  short  yellow  hairs  and  a  median  short  two-lobed  ap- 
pendage which  is  narrower  at  its  base  ;  hypopygium  small,  elongate  ;  upper  lamella 
with  a  deep,  broad,  V-shaped  incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  narrow  very  deep  in- 
cision which  almost  divides  it  into  two  parts  ;  wings  grayish  or  brownish  ;  variegated 
with  whitish  hyaline  spaces  ;  a  band  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma  across  the 
discal,  fourth,  and  fifth  ])osterior  cells  to  the  margin  of  the  wing,  a  space  beyond  the 


Sept.,  I90I.]  DOANE  :    DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NeW    TlPULID/E.  103 

Stigma,  the  base  of  both  the  submarginal  cells,  nearly  all  the  first  posterior  cell,  and 
irregular  spaces  in  the  basal,  anal,  axillary  and  spurious  cells  whitish  hyaline  ;  the 
stigma  and  a  spot  over  the  origin  of  the  prrefurca  darker  brown  ;  second  and  third 
posterior  cells  not  white  spotted  ;  discal  cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide. 
Length,  male  II  mm.,  wing  14  mm. 

Habitat :  Palo  Alto,  Calif.,  three  males.  Doane.  Type  no.  156. 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  simplex,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  grayish-brown  with  a  median  darker  line  above  ;  rostrum  grayish- 
brown  ;  palpi  brown  ;  antennae  of  male  reaching  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  abdomen, 
brown  ;  joints  of  flagellum  darker  brown  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  yellowish-brown  with 
four  grayish-brown  stripes  each  with  a  darker  brown  margin  ;  collare  brown  with  a 
median  darker  spot ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  grayish-brown  each  with  a  median 
brown  stripe  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  brownish-yellow  ;  pleura  and  coxre  brownish- 
gray  ;  halteres  yellowish,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  lighter  brown,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora 
and  tibia  slightly  darker  ;  abdomen  brown  with  three  darker  brown  stripes,  the  lateral 
ones  incomplete  ;  hypopygium  yellowish-brown  ;  upper  lamella  with  a  broad  crescent- 
shaped  incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  very  broad,  deep,  V-shaped  incision  ;  wings 
narrow  with  a  grayish  tinge  ;  stigma,  a  spot  on  the  origin  of  the  pmsfurca,  a  spot  just 
back  of  the  first  vein  opposite  the  end  of  the  seventh  vein,  and  small  spots  at  the  tips 
of  all  the  veins,  brown  ;  basal  half  of  the  fifth  vein  with  a  rather  broad  brown  border 
on  the  anterior  side,  all  the  other  veins  with  a  whitish  or  grayish  border  ;  a  spot 
beyond  the  stigma,  another  in  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  and  the  base  of  the  fourth 
posterior  cell,  and  one  or  two  spots  in  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wing,  whitish  ; 
discal  cell  more  than  four  times  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  10  mm.,  wing 
12  mm. 

Habitat :  Palo  Alto,  Calif.,  two  males.  Doane.  Type  no.  157. 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  and  S.  of  S. 

The  markings  on  the  wings  are  somewhat  similar  to  those  of  T. 
p7ibera  Lw.,  but  the  small  size,  the  general  color  of  the  body,  the 
structure  of  the  hypopygium,  etc.,  will  prevent  confusion. 

Tipula  carinata,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  brown  with  a  faint  narrow  darker  median  stripe  above  ;  rostrum 
brownish,  yellowish  on  the  sides  ;  palpi  brownish,  darker  toward  the  tip  ;  antennae 
dark  brown,  nearly  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  abdomen  ;  first  three  joints  brownish 
yellow,  joints  four  to  eleven  somewhat  constricted  in  the  middle  ;  mesonotum  brown 
with  the  sides  cinereous  and  with  a  very  faint  trace  of  two  cinereous  lines  ;  collare 
brown  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  reddish  brown  ;  scutellum  ;  metanotum,  pleura  and 
coxa;  cinereous  ;  halteres  yellowish-brown  lighter  toward  the  base  ;  legs  brownish,  tarsi 
and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  darker,  base  of  femora  yellowish  ;  abdomen  yellowish- 
brown,  darker  posteriorly,  with  a  broad,  brown,  dorsal  stripe  ;  posterior  margin  of 
each  segment  gray,  hypopygium  small  ;  basal  half  of  upper  lamella  brown,  distal 
half  yellow  with  a  broad  crescent-shaped  incision  ;  base  of  lower  lamella  brown  with 


104  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

a  prominent  median  light  yellow  carina,  posterior  margin  yellowish  with  a  crescent- 
shaped  incision,  appendages  yellow  ;  the  brown  on  the  abdomen  of  the  female  is 
less  intense  ;  ovipositor  reddish-yellow,  base  black,  upper  valves  straight,  compressed, 
lower  valves  rather  broad ;  wings  immaculate  with  a  brownish  tinge ;  subcostal 
cell  and  stigma  slightly  darker  brown ;  discal  cell  about  twice  as  long  as  wide ; 
petiole  of  second  posterior  cell  short.  Length,  male  II  to  15  mm.,  female  I3  to  16 
mm.,  wing  15  to  20  mm. 

Habitat :  Pullman,  Wash.,  forty-five  males,  twelve  females.  Doane. 
Type  no.  15S.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &:  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  impudica,  sp.  nov. 

Brownisli-yellow  ;  head  grayish-brown  with  a  distinct  narrow  blackish  line  above; 
rostrum  reddish-brown  to  yellowish  ;  palpi  brownish,  darker  toward  the  tips  ;  antennae 
very  dark  brown,  the  basal  portion  of  the  third  and  all  of  the  first  and  second  seg- 
ments yellowish  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  cylindrical,  slightly  incrassate  at  the  base, 
last  joint  very  small  ;  mesonotum  brownish-gray  with  four  rather  distinct  brown  lines  ; 
scutellum  brownish-yellow  with  a  distinct  brown  line  ;  metanotum  grayish-brown  ; 
collare  brownish-yellow  with  three  darker  spots  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yellowish  ; 
halteres  yellowish,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellowish -brown,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and 
tibia  darker,  basal  portion  of  femora  yellowish  ;  abdomen  brownish-yellow  with  three 
black  stripes,  the  lateral  ones  sometimes  more  or  less  broken  ;  posterior  margin  of 
each  segment  gray  ;  eighth  tergite  scarcely  or  not  at  all  visible  ;  posterior  margin  of 
eighth  sternite  with  long  yellow  hair  ;  hypopygium  concolorous  with  rest  of  abdomen  ; 
upper  lamella  short,  leaving  the  inner  accessory  organs  unusually  exposed,  divided  by 
a  deep  median  incision,  each  half  with  a  small  crescent-shaped  incision  near  the  inner 
angle  ;  margin  of  lower  lamella  whitish  with  a  broad,  deep  incision,  appendages  red- 
dish-brown ;  ovipositor  reddish-brown,  upper  valves  straight,  acute  ;  wings  with  a 
grayish  tinge,  with  white  or  hyaline  spaces  bordering  some  of  the  veins  in  the  middle 
portion  of  the  wings  ;  a  whitish  hyaline  space  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  and 
extending  through  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  posterior  cells  ; 
the  base  of  the  rhomboidal  cell,  the  base  of  the  submarginal  cells,  and  one  or  two  in- 
distinct irregular  spaces  in  the  anal  and  axillary  cells  likewise  whitish  hyaline  ;  dis- 
cal cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  15  mm.,  female  25  mm., 
wing  17  mm. 

Habitat:  Wawawi,  AVash.,  two  males  (type),  Doane.  Almota, 
Wash.,  two  males.  Pullman,  Wash.,  one  male,  one  female  (type 
159).      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  austral  is,  sp.  nov. 

Urown  ;  head  grayish  with  a  narrow  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  brownish-gray  ; 
palpi  brown,  darker  toward  the  tip  ;  antennit  very  dark  brown,  first  and  second  joints 
and  the  extreme  base  of  the  third  brownish-yellow  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  slightly 
constricted  in  the  middle  ;  mesonotum  gray  with  five  rather  broad  brown  lines,  the 
two  on  each  side  confluent  anteriorly ;  the  median  one  divided  by  a  narrow  gray  line ; 
collare  light  brownish  with  three  darker  spots;  dorsopleural  membrane  yellowish; 


Sept.,i9oi.]         Doane:   Descriptions  of  New  Tipulid/E.  105 

inetanotum  pleura  and  coxae  brownish-gray  ;  halteres  lirown,  ligliter  toward  the  base, 
knobs  darker  ;  legs  yellowish-brown,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  darker ;  ab- 
domen brownish-yellow,  darker  toward  the  base,  with  three  dark  brown  stripes  ; 
eighth  sternite  large,  posterior  margin  bearing  two  pairs  of  yellowish  appendages  the 
inner  margins  of  which  are  provided  with  rather  long  yellowish  hairs,  the  inner  pair 
is  short  broadly  spatulate,  the  outer  pair  is  somewhat  triangular  the  upper  angle  being 
drawn  out  into  a  more  strongly  chitinized  blackish  point ;  hypopygium  large,  concol- 
orous  with  the  rest  of  the  abdomen  ;  upper  lamella  with  a  deep  median  incision  ; 
lower  lamella  with  a  deep  median  incision  in  which  hangs  a  pair  of  rather  long,  some- 
what curved,  tumid,  pendulous  appendages  ;  ovipositor  reddish-brown,  upper  valves 
straight,  acute  ;  wings  with  a  slight  brownish  tinge  ;  subcostal  cell  and  stigma  darker 
brown  ;  a  whitish  broken  band  beginning  on  the  costa  in  front  of  the  stigma  and  ex- 
tending through  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  ;  discal  cell 
a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  14  mm.,  female  17  mm., 
wing  14  mm. 

Habitat:  Georgia,  one  male,  one  female.  (Type)  Morrison. 
Texas,  one  male.     Type  no,  160.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  barbata,  sp.  nov. 

Brownish;  head  grayish-brown  with  a  median  dark  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum 
short,  reddish-yellow  ;  palpi  brown  ;  antenmu  not  reaching  the  base  of  the  wings,  first 
two  joints  yellow,  third  yellowish-brown,  others  uniformly  brown  ;  antennse  of  female 
lighter,  first  to  fourth  joints  yellowish ;  mesonotum  light  brown  with  three  darker 
brown  stripes,  the  median  one  divided  ;  collare,  scutellum  and  metanotum  light  brown- 
ish, each  with  a  median  brown  stripe,  the  latter  darker  laterally  ;  mesopleura  and 
sternopleura  slate  colored  and  rest  of  pleura  yellowish  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yel- 
lowish ;  halteres  brown,  base  yellowish,  knobs  darker  brown ;  abdomen  brownish- 
yellow,  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  brown  stripes  the  dorsal  one  entire,  the  lateral 
ones  interrupted  or  subobsolete ;  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  grayi.sh  or  yellow- 
ish ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  broad  shallow  incision  which  is  furnished 
with  a  fringe  of  thick,  long,  light  yellow  hair  ;  hypopygium  concolorous  with  the  ab- 
domen ;  upper  lamella  with  a  narrow  median  incision  ;  posterior  margin  of  lower 
lamella  whitish  with  a  broad  deep  median  incision  on  each  side  of  which  are  two 
small,  yellowish  appendages  which  are  fringed  with  rather  long  yellowish  hair ;  ovi- 
positor reddish-yellow,  upper  valves  acute,  slightly  curved  at  the  tip  ;  wings  hyaline, 
with  a  faint  brownish  tinge  ;  stigma  brown  ;  the  indistinct  whitish  band  beginning  in 
front  of  the  stigma  running  through  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior 
cell  ;  a  whitish  spot  beyond  the  stigma ;  discal  cell  four  times  as  long  as  wide. 
Length,  male  13  mm.,  female  16  mm.,  wing  14  mm. 

Habitat:  Colorado,  one  male,  two  females.  Morrison.  Type  no. 
161.    Wash.  Agric.  Coll,  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  lamellata,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  cinereous,  yellowish  below  ;  rostrum  yellow  ;  palpi  brown,  yel- 
lowish toward  the  base  ;  antennas  brown,  first  three  joints  yellow,  joints  of  fiagellum 


106  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

cylindrical;  mesonotum  reddish-yellow  with  three  very  faint  brownish  stripes; 
collare  yellowish,  darker  medianly ;  scutelluni  and  metanotum  brownish-yellow  ; 
pleura  and  coxte  bright  yellow ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown ;  legs  yellow  or 
brownish-yellow,  tips  of  fein  )ra,  tarsi  and  tibia  brown;  abdomen  reddish-yellow, 
with  three  broken  brown  stripes  which  are  more  indistinct  anteriorly,  the  dorsal  one 
somewhat  broader  posteriorly  ;  the  lateral  lines  are  sometimes  so  broken  that  they 
appear  as  a  series  of  brown  dots  on  the  anterior  margin  of  each  segment ;  posterior 
margin  of  each  segment  gray  ;  eighth  sternite  large,  ventral  margin  somewhat  pro- 
duced posteriorly,  and  furnished  with  a  fringe  of  rather  long  reddish-yellow  hair  ; 
upper  lamella  consisting  of  two  lateral  elongated  processes  the  bases  of  which  are 
broadest  and  connected  by  a  more  membranous  portion,  the  distal  halves  are  narrower 
with  the  lateral  margins  and  the  extreme  tips  bent  in  at  right  angles  to  the  upper 
surface;  lower  lamella  long,  lateral  margins  with  an  irregularly  triangular  appendage, 
the  posterior  margin  with  two  small  brown  tumid  processes  each  bearing  a  tuft  of 
yellowish  hair  ;  base  of  ovipositor  brownish,  shining,  valves  yellowish,  upper  pair 
rounded  at  the  tip,  lower  pair  short,  reaching  but  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  upper 
pair;  wings  hyaline  ;  costal  and  subcostal  cells  slightly  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma 
brown  ;  a  scarcely  perceptible  whitish  band  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma 
across  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  ;  discal  cell  a  little 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  12  mm,  female  13  mm.,  wing 
13  mm. 

Habitat :  Ptillman,  Wash.,  five  males,  one  female.  Doane.  Type 
no.  162.     Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &:  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  subtilis,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  grayish-brown  ;  rostrum  yellowish-brown,  grayish  above  ;  palpi 
brownish  ;  antennee  yellowish,  long,  reaching  beyond  the  base  of  the  abdomen  ;  base 
of  each  joint  of  the  flagellum  except  the  first  slightly  incrassate  and  brownish  at  the 
base  ;  mesonotum  grayish-brown  with  three  broad  darker  brown  stripes,  the  median 
one  divided  by  a  gray  line  ;  collare  light  brownish,  with  three  darker  spots  ;  scutel- 
lum,  metanotum,  pleura  and  coxje  silvery  gray  ;  halteres  yellowish,  base  of  knob 
brown,  tip  whitish  ;  legs  light  yellowish-brown,  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  scarcely 
darker  ;  abdomen  brown  with  light  yellow  hair  ;  posterior  and  lateral  margins  of  each 
segment  gray  ;  median  portion  of  posterior  margin  of  the  eighth  sternite  slightly  de- 
pressed, brownish  with  two  short  acute  processes  ;  on  each  side  of  this  depression  is 
a  small  irregularly  ovate,  light  colored  process  which  bears  a  tuft  of  yellow  hair ; 
posterior  margin  of  upper  lamella  of  hypopygium  with  a  narrow  median  and  two 
broader  crescent-shaped  incisions  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  broad,  deep,  U-shaped  incision 
in  which  hangs  two  tumid  pendulous  processes  ;  wings  almost  hyaline  with  a  slight 
grayish  tinge  ;  subcostal  cell  and  stigma  light  brownish  ;  a  scarcely  perceptible  broken 
whitish  band  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma  through  the  discal  cell  but  not  enter- 
ing the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  discal  cell  about  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male 
15  mm.,  wing  16  mm. 

Habitat:  Calif.,  one  male.  Type  no.  163.  Wash.  Agric.  Coll. 
&  S.  of  S. 


Sept.,  igoi.i         Doane:   DESCRIPTIONS  OF  New  Tipulid.e.  107 

Tipula  splendens,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  yellow,  grayish-brown  above  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  yellow,  latter 
brownish  toward  the  tip  ;  antenn;v  reaching  the  base  of  abdomen,  dark  brown,  first 
three  segments  yellow  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  cylindrical,  those  beyond  the  first  very 
slightly  incrassate  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  yellow  with  scarcely  perceptible  brownish 
shades  in  place  of  the  usual  three  stripes  ;  collare,  scutellum,  metanotum,  pleura  and 
coxae  somewhat  lighter  yellow,  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown  ;  abdomen  brownish- 
yellow,  much  lighter  toward  the  base,  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  gray  ;  eighth 
sternite  long,  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  with  a  border  of  yellow  hair ; 
upper  lamella  of  hypopygium  with  median  V-shaped  and  lateral  crescent-shaped  in- 
cisions, posterior  lateral  corners  produced  inwardly  into  short,  narrow  two-pointed 
processes  ;  posterior  ventral  margin  of  lower  lamella  with  two  small  processes  each 
bearing  a  tuft  of  hair,  lateral  margins  with  two  pairs  of  appendages  the  outer  lower 
pair  being  triangular  with  the  apex  drawn  out  into  a  slender  point,  the  basal  portion 
of  the  upper  inner  pair  is  somewhat  quadrate,  shining,  the  distal  portion  flattened  and 
with  a  black  edge  ;  wings  hyaline  ;  subcostal  cell  and  stigma  faintly  yellowish  ;  a 
scarcely  perceptible  whitish  broken  band  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma  through 
the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  ;  discal  cell  more  than  twice  as 
long  as  wide.      Length,  male  12  mm.,  wing  13  mm. 

Habitat:  Olympia,  Wash. ,  one  male.  Kincaid.  Type  no.  164. 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipuia  calcarata,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  vellowish-brown  with  a  narrower  indistinct  stripe  above  ;  rostrum 
reddish-brown  ;  palpi  dark  brown,  basal  segment  reddish-brown  ;  antennae  not  reach- 
ing beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  brown,  first  two  segments  yellow  ;  mesonotum 
brown  with  four  d.?.rker  brown  stripes,  the  two  median  ones  slightly  diverging  ante- 
riorly ;  collare  light  brownish  with  three  darker  spots  ;  dorsop'eural  membrane  yel- 
lowish;  pleura  and  coxre  brownish-gray;  halteres  brown,  yellowish  at  the  base, 
knobs  brown,  tips  lighter  ;  legs  brownish-yellow,  tarsi  and  tips  of  the  femora  and 
tibia  brown  ;  abdomen  yellowish-brown  with  three  indistinct  yellowish-brown  stripes  ; 
posterior  margin  of  each  segment  gray  ;  eighth  sternite  with  a  deep  U-shaped  incision 
from  the  base  of  which  arises  a  broad,  blunt  process  with  yellow  hairs  at  the  base  ;  lat- 
eral margins  of  the  segment  ending  in  a  pair  of  long,  slender,  reddish,  spur-like  proc- 
esses which  lie  across  the  base  of  the  incision  ;  upper  lamella  of  hypopygium  ter- 
minating in  two  short,  median,  blunt  processes  between  which  is  a  narrow  incision, 
and  two  lateral  incurving  longer,  sharper  processes  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  very  deep, 
U-shaped  incision  ;  wings  hyaline  with  a  brownish  tinge  ;  subcostal  cell  brownish, 
stigma  darker  brown  ;  the  distinct  whitish  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  and 
running  through  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  is  interrupted 
along  the  prsefurca.      Length,  male  15  mm.,  wing  17  mm. 

ZTfl'/^/V^z/.- Mount  Rainier,  Wash.,  one  male.  Piper.  Type  no.  165. 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  clara,  sj).  nov. 

Brown;    head   yellowish-brown,   darker   above,    with   a  median   brown   stripe; 


108  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,        [VoI.  ix. 

mesonotum  liglit  brown  with  four  ratlier»broad  darker  brown  stripes  and  a  very  nar- 
row median  brown  line  which  ends  in  a  small  brown  dot  on  the  anterior  margin  ; 
scutellmn  and  metanotum  cinereous  with  a  median  brown  line  ;  pleura  cinereous ;  dorso- 
pleural  membrane  light  yellow;  halteres  yellow',  knobs  brown  ;  legs  brown,  tips. of 
femora,  tibia,  and  tarsi  darker  ;  abdomen  yellowish-brown  with  three  darker  brown 
stripes  ;  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  grayish  or  yellowish  ;  eighth  sternite  with 
a  median  rather  broad  projecting  process  the  sides  and  rounded  ends  of  which  are 
furnished  with  long  light  yellow  hair ;  hypopygium  similar  to  that  of  T.  iinpudica, 
but  the  upper  lamella  is  not  so  deeply  incised  and  the  crescent-shape  incisions  are 
wanting ;  lower  lamella  somewhat  larger  ;  base  of  ovipositor  black,  upper  valves 
reddish-brown,  acute;  wings  hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal  and  the  anterior  margin  of 
the  anal  cells  and  the  stigma  brown  ;  the  whitish  line  running  from  in  front  of  the 
stigma  across  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  scarcely  dis- 
tinguishable ;  discal  cell  three  times  as  long  as  wide  ;  petiole  of  second  posterior  cell 
short.      Length,  male  l6  mm.,  female  22  mm.,  wing  15  mm. 

Habitat :  Wawawi,  Wash.,  two  males,  one  female.  (Type)  Pull- 
man, Wash.,  one  female.  Doane.  Type  no.  166.  Wash.  Agric.  Coll. 
&  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  aequalis,  sp.  no\ . 

Brown  ;  head  light  brownish-yellow  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  yellowish,  latter  darker 
toward  the  tip  ;  antennte  reaching  to  base  of  wings,  first  three  segments  yellow,  others 
brown,  darker  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  yellowish-brown  with  four  brown  stripes  ; 
collare  yellowish,  darker  laterally  ;  scutellum  yellowish  with  a  median  brown  line  ; 
metanotum  yellowish-gray  with  a  median  darker  yellow  line  ;  pleura  and  coxk  light 
grayish -yellow  ;  mesopleura  and  sternopleura  darker  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown, 
tips  lighter  ;  abdomen  yellowish-brown,  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  indistinct,  in- 
terrupted brown  lines  which  are  broader  and  more  distinct  posteriorly  ;  posterior  and 
lateral  margins  of  each  segment  gray  ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  broad 
rather  deep  incision  from  the  middle  of  which  arise  two  tufts  of  thick,  long  hair  red- 
dish or  yellowish  toward  the  base,  whitish  toward  the  tip,  lateral  angles  with  two 
small  triangular  projections  with  a  few  short  yellow  hairs  ;  hypopygium  darker ; 
upper  lamella  black,  posterior  margin  reddish  with  a  broad,  shallow  incision  ;  lower 
lamella  dark  reddish-brown  with  a  deep  median  incision,  the  edges  of  which  are 
wdiitish  ;  outer  appendages  irregularly  triangular;  ovipositor  reddish,  upper  valves 
straight,  acute  ;  wings  with  a  slight  brownish  tinge  ;  costal  and  subcostal  cells  slightly 
darker;  stigma  brown;  the  whitish  band  beginning  on  the  costa  in  front  of  the 
stigma  running  through  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  dis- 
cal cell  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  15  to  18  mm.,  fe- 
male 21  mm.,  wing  16  to  18  mm. 

Habitat :  Pullman,  Wash.,  one  male,  two  females.  (Type)  Doane. 
Olympia,  Wash.,  six  males,  two  females.  Seattle,  Wash.,  one  male. 
Kincaid.  Tokeland,  Wash.,  one  male.  Keyport,  Wash.,  seven 
males.  Doane.  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  two  males.  San  Diego,  Cal., 
one  male.      Type  no.  167.      A\'ash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


Sept.,  1901.]         DoANE :  Descriptions  of  New  Tipulid^.  105) 

Tipula  retusa,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  dark  brown  with  a  somewhat  darker  Hne  above  ;  rostrum  yellow 
with  an  indistinct  brown  stripe  on  each  side  ;  palpi  brown,  darker  toward  the  tip,  yellow 
at  base  ;  antennce  of  male  reaching  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  dark  brown,  first 
three  joints  yellow  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  beyond  the  first  constricted  in  the  middle  and 
darker  at  the  tip  ;  mesonotum  brownish-yellow  with  three  somewhat  darker  yellow 
stripes,  the  median  one  divided  by  a  very  narrow,  dark  line  ;  collare  yellow  ;  scutel- 
lum,  metanotum,  pleura  and  coxk  yellowish  with  a  gray  pollen  ;  halteres  yellow, 
knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellow,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  brown  ;  abdomen  yel- 
low, darker  posteriorly,  sixth,  seventh  and  eighth  segments  mostly  black  ;  posterior 
margin  of  each  segment  gray  ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  border 
of  very  thick  long  yellow  hair  which  is  usually  folded  back  under  this  segment ;  hypo- 
pygium  brown  ;  upper  lamella  ending  in  two  broad,  blunt,  black-tipped  processes  be- 
tween which  is  a  wide  rather  deep  incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep  incision  in 
which  hangs  a  pair  of  yellow  appendages  the  points  of  which  are  curved  towards  each 
other  and  furnished  with  yellow^  hair  ;  ovipositor  reddish-brown,  upper  valves  of 
nearly  equal  width  throughout,  extreme  tips  slightly  broader  with  four  short  points,  a 
rather  deep  rounded  incision  between  the  lower  point  and  the  one  above  it  ;  wings 
hyaline  ;  costal  and  subcostal  cells,  the  stigma  and  a  small  faint  spot  on  the  origin  of 
the  praefurca  brown  ;  a  broad  whitish  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  back  of 
the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  extending  through  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the 
fourth  and  the  side  of  the  fifth  posterior  cells  ;  discal  cell  twice  as  long  as  wide. 
Length,  male  15  mm.,  female  20  mm.,  wing  16  to   19  mm. 

Habitat :  Wawawi,  Wash.,  six  males,  two  females.  (Type)  Pull- 
man, Wash.,  one  male,  one  female.  Doane.  Ol3mipia,  Wash.,  one 
male.  Seattle,  Wash.,  two  males,  one  female.  Kincaid.  Type  no. 
168.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  translucida,  %\).  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  yellow  with  a  narrow  dark  line  above  ;  rostrum  yellow  ;  palpi 
lighter  yellow  ;  antennas  reaching  but  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  yellow,  base 
of  each  segment  beyond  the  third  slightly  incrassate  and  darker  at  the  base  ;  whole 
thorax  somewhat  reddish-yellow  ;  pleura  somewhat  lighter ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs 
brown  ;  legs  yellow,  tarsi  and  extreme  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  darker ;  abdomen  yel- 
low, somewhat  darker  posteriorly  ;  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  gray  ;  posterior 
margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  fringe  of  long  yellow  hairs,  lateral  angles  with  a  sin- 
gle long  curved  reddish  bristle  ;  hypopygium  brownish-red  ;  upper  lamella  terminating 
in  two  sharp  black  points  between  which  is  a  rather  deep,  V-shaped  incision  ;  lower 
lamella  with  a  rounded  incision  in  wdiich  lies  a  pair  of  brownish,  elongated,  tumid, 
pendulous  appendages  the  tips  of  which  are  furnished  with  rather  long,  yellow  hair ; 
wings  hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal,  anterior  margin  of  anal  cells  and  stigma  yellowish  ; 
the  whitish  stripe  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma  across  the  discal  cell  not  enter- 
ing the  fourth  posterior  cell  ;  discal  cell  three  times  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male 
15  mm.,  wing  17  mm. 

Zr(z/^//(Z/ .•  Penn.,  four  males.  Dietz.  Type  no.  169.  Wash.  Agric. 
Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


110  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Tipula  cinctocornis,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  yellow,  more  brownish-yellow  above  ;  rostrum,  palpi  and  antennce 
yellow  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  beyond  the  first  dark  at  the  base  ;  antenna;  not  reach- 
ing beyond  the  base  of  the  wings  ;  mesonotum  light  yellow,  with  three  faint  brownish 
stripes  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  brownish-yellow  ;  pleura  and  coxae  lighter  yellow  ; 
halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown,  tips  lighter  ;  legs  brownish-yellow,  tarsi  darker  ;  abdo- 
men yellow,  darker  posteriorly  ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  fringe  of 
yellow  hair,  the  lateral  angles  with  a  tuft  of  two  or  three  long,  curved  reddish  bristles  ; 
hypopygium  darker,  similar  to  T.  Iranslucida  but  the  outer  upper  appendages  longer 
and  the  lower  pendulous  appendages  much  shorter  and  without  the  blackish  tip  ; 
wings  hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cells  with  a 
yellowish  tinge  ;  stigma  brown  ;  the  whitisti  band  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma 
not  reaching  the  posterior  border  of  the  discal  cell ;  discal  cell  three  times  as  long  as 
wide.     Length,  male  i6  mm.,  wing  19  mm. 

Habitat:  Penn.,  one  male,  two  females.  Dietz.  Type  no.  170. 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  albocincta,  sp.  nov. 

Brownish-yellow  ;  head  brownish-yellow  with  a  distinct  median  stripe  above  ; 
rostrum  and  palpi  yellow,  the  latter  brownish  toward  the  tips  ;  antennas  hardly  reach- 
ing base  of  wings,  the  first  and  second  joints  yellow,  third  brownish-yellow,  others 
brown,  darker  at  the  base;  mesonotum  brownish-gray  with  four  brown  stripes, 
the  median  ones  broadened  anteriorly  ;  collare  and  scutellum  brown,  with  a 
median  darker  brown  stripe  ;  metanotum  brownish-gray  with  a  narrow  median 
browni  line ;  pleura  blackish  ;  pteropleura  more  yellowish  with  a  silvery  grayish 
bloom  ;  halteres  brown,  yellowish  at  the  base,  knobs  darker  brown  ;  legs  yellowish- 
brown,  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  tibia  darker  brown  ;  abdomen  brownish, 
yellow  with  three  broken  brown  stripes  ;  posterior  margin  of  segments  four  to  eight 
white  ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  broad  tuft  of  very  long  yellow  hair ; 
hypopygium  concolorous  with  the  abdomen  ;  upper  lamella  with  a  deep  median 
depression  from  the  end  of  which  projects  a  rather  broad  sharp-pointed  process  which 
is  furnished  above  with  a  thin  broad  keel  ;  on  each  side  of  the  depression  is  a  small 
crescent-shaped  incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep  incision  the  borders  of  which  are 
whitish  ;  hanging  down  into  this  incision  are  two  reddish-brown  pendulous  ap- 
pendages the  bases  of  which  are  furnished  with  rather  long,  reddish-yellow  hair  ; 
wings  hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cells  with  a 
yellowish  tinge  ;  stigma  brown  ;  the  whitish  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma 
extends  through  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  and  the  side  of  the  fifth 
posterior  cells  ;  a  whitish  spot  beyond  the  stigma  and  two  indistinct  whitish  streaks 
just  behind  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  the  first  close  to  the  base,  the  second  nearly 
opposite  the  origin  of  the  prrefurca  ;  discal  cell  three  times  as  long  as  wide.  Length, 
male  19  mm.,  wing  19  mm. 

Habitat:  Colo.,  one  male.  Morrison.  Type  no.  171.  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


Sept.,  igoi.]  DOANE  :    DESCRIPTIONS    OF    New    TiPULID/E.  Ill 

Tipula  cuspidata,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  brownish-yellow  with  a  median  indistinct  darker  stripe  above  ; 
rostrum  reddish-yellow  ;  palpi  lighter  yellow  ;  antennoe  of  male  reaching  nearly  to 
base  of  abdomen,  yellow,  base  of  each  segment  beyond  third  dark  ;  mesonotum 
brownish-yellow  with  three  faintly  indicated  darker  stripes  ;  collare,  scutellum 
and  metanotum  brownish-yellow  ;  pleura  and  coxa;  lighter  yellow  ;  halteres  yellow, 
knobs  brown,  lighter  at  the  tip  ;  legs  yellowish,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia 
darker  ;  abdomen  yellow,  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  faintly  indicated  interrupted 
brown  bands  ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  broad  shallow  incision  from 
each  side  of  which  arises  a  very  long  stift  reddish-brown  bristle  ;  hypopygium  brown  ; 
upper  lamella  darker,  produced  into  two  long  acute  processes  between  which  is  a  deep, 
V-shaped  incision  ;  lower  lamella  lighter  with  a  broad  deep  incision  in  which  lies  two 
rather  long  whitish  tumid  pendulous  appendages,  the  tips  of  which  are  furnished  with 
rather  long  yellow  hair  ;  sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth  abdominal  segments  of  female  darker 
brown  above  ;  ovipositor  reddish-yellow,  upper  valves  straight,  slender,  acute  ;  wings 
hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal,  and  anterior  margin  of  anal  cells  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma 
brown  ;  the  whitish  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  extending  through  the  dis- 
cal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  a  small  whitish  spot  beyond  the 
stigma  ;  discal  cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  15  mm.,  female 
17  mm.,  wing  19  nmi. 

Habitat :  Penn.,  three  males,  one  female.  (Type)  Dietz.  Battle 
Creek,  Mich.,  one  female.  Aldrich.  Type  no.  172.  Wash.  Agric. 
Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  bisetosa,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  yellow,  with  a  median  grayish  spot  and  a  narrow  brown  line  above  ; 
rostrum  and  palpi  reddish-yellow  ;  antennce  of  male  not  reaching  beyond  the  base  of 
the  wings,  first  and  second  joint  yellow,  next  two  or  three  yellowish-brown,  darker  at 
the  base,  others  brown,  darker  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  light  yellowish  with  five  brown 
lines,  the  median  one  almost  entire,  the  others  interrupted  ;  neck  with  a  brown  stripe 
above  ;  scutellum,  metanotum,  pleura  and  coxee  grayish-yellow  ;  mesopleura  and  ster- 
nopleura  darker;  dorsopleural  membrane  light  yellowish;  halteres  yellow,  knobs 
brown,  lighter  at  the  tip;  abdomen  yellow,  much  darker  posteriorly  with  three  brown 
stripes  ;  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  grayish  or  yellowish  ;  posterior  margin  of 
eighth  sternite  with  a  rather  broad  median  depression  fringed  with  yellow  hair,  lateral 
margins  drawn  out  into  short  whitish  points  from  each  side  of  which  rise  two  incurved 
reddish  bristles,  the  upper  one  long  and  stiff,  the  lower  one  much  smaller ;  hypopygium 
concolorous  with  rest  of  abdomen  ;  upper  lamella  with  a  deep  broad  crescent-shaped 
incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep,  V-shaped  incision  below  which  is  a  whitish  oval 
tumid  process  ;  eighth  segment  of  abdomen  of  female  brown  ;  base  of  ovipositor  reddish- 
brown,  valves  reddish-yellow,  slightly  curved,  acute;  wings  hyaline;  costal  and  sub- 
costal cells  slightly  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma  pale  brov^'n  ;  the  whitish  band  begin- 
ning in  front  of  the  stigma  very  indistinct  but  reaching  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior 
cell;  discal  cell  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  iS  mm., 
female  20  to  22  mm.,  wing  20  to  22  mm. 


112  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Habitat:  Pullman,  Wash.,  nineteen  males,  fourteen  females. 
Doane.  Collins,  Idaho,  two  males.  Piper.  Type  no.  173.  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  cK:  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  inermis,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  light  brown  with  a  median  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  yellow- 
ish-brown ;  palpi  yellow  at  base,  darker  toward  the  tip  ;  antennee  of  male  reaching 
to  base  of  wings,  yellow,  each  segment  beyond  the  third  dark  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum 
light  brown  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  median  one  divided  by  a  lighter  line ;  col- 
lai-e  brown  w'ith  a  median  darker  line  ;  scutellum  yellowish-brown  with  a  median 
darker  line  ;  metanotum  light  yellow  ;  pleura  and  coxae  grayish  ;  halteres  yellow, 
knobs  brown  ;  legs  brown,  femora  and  tibia  yellowish  toward  the  base  ;  abdomen 
brown,  yellowish  toward  the  base,  with  three  darker  brown  stripes ;  posterior  and 
lateral  margins  of  each  segment  gray  ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a 
median  reddish-ljrown,  two-pointed  process  and  lateral  triangular  brownish  appen- 
dages which  terminate  in  long,  stiff,  curved,  reddish  bristles  ;  hypopygium  small  ; 
upper  lamella  dark  reddish-brown  with  a  deep  crescent-shaped  incision  ;  lower 
lamella  brownish,  lighter  toward  the  margin  with  a  deep  U-shaped  incision  in  which 
hang  two  long  light  jellow  tumid  appendages  with  yellow  hairs  toward  the  tip  ; 
ovipositor  long,  straight,  dark  reddish-brown;  wings  hyaline;  costal,  subcostal  and 
anterior  margin  of  anal  cells  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma  light  brown  ;  the  whitish 
band  beginning  on  the  costa  in  front  of  the  stigma  reaching  only  to  the  extreme 
base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  discal  cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide. 
Length,  male  20  mm.,  female  27  mm.,  wing  22  in. 

Habitat :  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  four  males,  one  female.  (Type) 
Aldrich.  White  jNIts.,  one  male.  Morrison.  X.  C,  six  males. 
Georgia,  one  male.      iMorrison.     Tyj^e  no.  174.    Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  & 

S.  of  S. 

Tipula  megaura,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  yellow  with  a  dark  brown  line  above  ;  rostrum,  palpi  and. antennae 
yellow,  the  latter  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  base  of  each  segment 
beyond  the  third  darker  ;  mesonotum  yellow  with  four  brownish  stripes,  the  median 
one  divided ;  collare,  scutellum  and  metanotum  yellow ;  pleura  whitish-yellow  ; 
halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown,  tips  lighter  ;  legs  brown,  femora  yellowish  toward  the 
base  ;  abdomen  yellowish,  much  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  dorsal 
one  entire  and  distinct,  the  lateral  ones  indistinct,  interrupted  ;  posterior  margin  of 
eighth  sternite  with  a  fringe  of  yellow  hairs  and  two  strong  curved  reddish  bristles  ; 
hypopygium  reddish-brown  ;  upper  lamella  tumid,  with  a  short  rather  broad,  two 
pointed  tumid  process  arising  from  the  dorsal  side  near  the  posterior  margin  ;  the  pos- 
terior lateral  angles  of  the  process  also  drawn  out  into  short,  blunt  points ;  lower 
lamella  with  a  median  depression  in  which  lie  the  tips  of  two  short  yellow  haired  ap- 
pendages ;  eighth  abdominal  segment  of  female  and  ovipositor  reddish-brown,  upper 
valves  very  short,  somewhat  quadrate,  nearly  as  broad  as  long ;  low^er  valves  broad, 
leaflike  ;   wings  hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal  and  anterior  border  of  anal  cells  yellowish; 


Sept.,  igoi.]  DOANE:     DESCRIPTIONS    OF    New    TiPULID.-E.  Ho 

Stigma  brown  ;  tlie  whitisli  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  reacliing  the  pos- 
terior border  of  the  discal  cell,  but  not  entering  the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  discal  cell 
about  twice  as  long   as  wide.      Length,  male  15  mm.,  female  iS  mm.,  wing  16  mm. 

Habitat:  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  two  males,  one  female.  Aldrich. 
Type  no.  175.      Wash.  Agric,  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Resembles  somewhat  T.  bicornis  Lw.,  but  may  be  easily  distin- 
guished by  the  structure  of  the  tumid  processes  on  the  upper  lamella 
of  the  hypopygium  which  are  black,  set  much  closer  together  and 
curved  downward  instead  of  upward. 

Tipula  streptocera,  sp.  nov. 

Brownish-yellow  ;  head  brown,  darker  above  ;  rostrum  yellowish  ;  palpi  brown  ; 
antennae  of  male  reaching  to  base  of  halteres,  first  two  segments  and  the  basal  half 
of  the  third  yellowish-brown  ;  remaining  segments  wholly  brown  ;  mesonotum  with 
three  broad  dark  brown  stripes,  the  median  one  entire  ;  scutellum  light  brown  ; 
metanotum,  pleura  and  coxte  light  yellow  ;  halteres  brownish,  yellowish  at  the  base, 
knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellowish,  the  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  tibia  brown  ; 
abdomen  yellowish,  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  brown  stripes  ;  eighth  sternite 
reddish-brown  much  produced  and  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  truncate  ; 
upper  lamella  of  hypopygium  very  small,  posterior  margin  produced  into  two  blunt 
processes  between  which  is  a  small  circular  incision  ;  lower  lamella  very  large, 
lateral  angles  terminating  in  very  long,  tapering,  twisted,  horn-like  processes  ;  ovi- 
positor similar  to  T.  niegamira,  but  lower  lamella  not  quite  as  broad  ;  wings  hyaline  ; 
costal  and  subcostal  cells  faintly  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma  and  an  inconspicuous 
spot  on  the  origin  of  the  praefurca  brown  ;  the  indistinct  whitish  band  fading  out 
before  it  crosses  the  discal  cell  ;  discal  cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide. 
Length,  male  13  mm.,  female  14  mm.,  wing  15  mm. 

Habitat :  Collins,  Idaho,  two  males,  one  female.  (Type)  Piper. 
Olympia,  Wash.,  one  male.  Kincaid.  Tokeland,  Wash.,  one  male. 
Doane.     Type  no.  176.     Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  ofS. 

The  specimen  from  Olympia  has  the  stripes  on  the  mesonotum 
very  faintly  indicated. 

Tipula  hirsuta,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  somewhat  brownish-yellow  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  yellow  ;  antennce 
reaching  a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  first  three  segments  yellow,  the  suc- 
ceeding four  or  five  yellowish-brown,  the  remaining  segments  brown  ;  those  beyond 
the  third  somewhat  incrassate  and  darker  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  light  yellow  with 
three  broad  somewhat  reddish-yellow  stripes  ;  scutellum,  metanotum,  pleura  and 
coxoe  light  yellow  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown,  lighter  at  the  tips  ;  legs  brownish, 
tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  tibia  darker,  femora  yellowish  toward  the  base  ; 
abdomen  yellow,  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  faintly  indicated  stripes ;  eighth 
sternite  somewhat  produced  and  narrowed  posteriorly,  with  a  median  depression  which 
is  abundantly  furnished  with  long  yellow  hair,  lateral  angles  with  a  pair  of  short 


114  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.  [Voi  xi 

rather  broad  reddish-brown  appendages  the  ends  of  which  are  fringed  with  shorter 
yellow  hairs  ;  hypopygium  very  dark  brown  ;  upper  lamella  thick,  swollen,  with  a 
median  shallow  furrow  which  is  much  narrowed  anteriorly,  posterior  margin  produced 
into  two  short,  blunt  swollen  processes  which  are  widely  separated  by  a  deep  rounded 
incision,  below  these  is  another  pair  of  flattened,  triangular,  sharper  pointed  processes ; 
the  posterior  half  of  the  suture  separating  the  upper  from  the  lower  lamella  quite 
wide,  membrane  whitish  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  rounded  incision  which  is  filled  with 
the  broad  bases  of  a  pair  of  long  triangular  upward  pointing  appendages  ;  outer  upper 
appendages  very  long  and  slender  ;  wings  hyaline  ;  costal  and  subcostal  cells  yellow- 
ish ;  fifth  longitudinal  vein  with  a  narrow  very  faint  yellowish  border  ;  stigma  brown  ; 
the  whitish  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  extending  through  the  discal  into  the 
base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  ;  a  whitish  spot  beyond  the  stigma  ;  discal  cell  hardly 
twice  as  long  as  wide.      Length,  male  21  mm.,  wing  22  mm. 

Habitat:  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  three  males.  Aldrich.  Type  no. 
177.      Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  calva,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  brownish-yellow  with  an  indistinct  darker  median  stripe  ;  rostrum 
and  palpi  yellowish,  last  joint  of  latter  brownish  ;  antenna;  reaching  nearly  to  base  of 
abdomen,  first  three  joints  yellow,  others  light  brown,  much  darker  at  the  base  which 
js  somewhat  incrassate  ;  mesonotum  light  yellow  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  median 
one  twice  as  broad  as  the  lateral  ones  and  indistinctly  divided  by  a  faint  cinereous 
1  ine  ;  the  portion  of  the  lateral  lines  extending  back  of  the  suture  broader  and  much 
darker  brown  ;  collare  light  yellow  with  three  faint  brownish  spots ;  scutellum  and 
metanotum  light  yel'ow,  each  with  a  very  faint  median  brown  line  ;  pleura  whitish  ; 
halteres  yellowish,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellow,  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and 
tibia  slightly  darker  ;  abdomen  yellowish,  darker  posteriorly  with  three  brownish  lines, 
lateral  lines  somewhat  sinuate,  lateral  margin  of  each  segment  broadly  whitish  ;  eighth 
sternite  dark  brown,  somewhat  lighter  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  truncate  with  a 
median  rather  broad,  blunt,  rectangular  reddish  process;  lateral  angles  with  a  pair  of 
long,  rather  narrow,  flattened  appendages  the  inner  margins  of  which  are  furnished  with 
a  few  yellowish  hairs ;  hypopygium  large,  very  dark  brown  ;  upper  lamella  thick, 
swollen,  with  a  median  .shallow  funow  which  is  not  narrowed  anteriorly,  posterior 
margin  produced  into  two  rather  long,  blunt,  rounded  processes  which  are  separated  by 
a  deep,  V-shaped  incision  ;  wings  hyaline,  faintly  darker  toward  the  tip ;  costal  and 
subcostal  cells  faintly  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma  brown ;  the  posterior  cross  vein  and 
the  portion  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  beyond  this  vein  with  a  faint  very  narrow 
brownish  border  ;  a  broad  whitish  interrupted  line  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  and 
extending  across  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  ;  a  small 
whitish  spot  beyond  the  stigma  ;  discal  cell  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  21 
mm.,  wing  22  mm. 

y/rt/vV^/.- Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  two  males.  Aldrich.  Type  no.  178. 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Very  similar  to  T.  hirsuta,  but  easily  distinguished  by  the  structure 
of  the  eighth  abdominal  sternite  and  the  upper  lamella  of  the  hypo- 
pygium. 


Sept.,i9oi.]  DOANE  :     DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NeW    TiPULID^.  115 

Tipula  concinna,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  darker  brown  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  yellow  ;  antennae  reaching  a 
little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  first  two  segments  yellow,  third  yellowish-brown, 
those  beyond  the  third  brown,  somewhat  constricted  in  the  middle  ;  mesonotum  light 
brown  with  four  darker  brown  stripes  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  brownish-yellow  ; 
pleura  grayish-yellow  ;  halteres  yellowish,  knobs  brown,  tips  lighter  ;  legs  brown, 
tips  of  femora,  tibia  and  tarsi  somewhat  darker,  femora  yellowish  toward  the  base  ; 
abdomen  brownish-yellow  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones  not  complete  ; 
sixth  and  seventh  segments  darker  brown  ;  eighth  sternite  brown,  posterior  margin 
with  a  fringe  of  very  long  reddish-yellow  hair  ;  hypopygium  brown  ;  upper  lamella 
lighter  toward  the  tip,  with  short  yellow  hair,  terminating  in  two  short,  blunt  proc- 
esses between  which  is  a  rather  broad,  shallow  incision  ;  wings  with  a  brownish 
tinge  ;  subcostal  cell  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cell  with  a  yellowish  tinge  ; 
the  stigma,  a  spot  over  the  base  of  the  second  submarginal  and  the  first  posterior  cells, 
and  a  spot  over  the  origin  of  the  prrefurca  brown  ;  the  great  cross  vein  and  the  dis- 
tal portion  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  brown  bordered  ;  the  whitish  band  beginning 
in  front  of  the  stigma  extending  across  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the 
fourth  posterior  cell  ;  a  whitish  spot  beyond  the  stigma  ;  discal  a  little  more  than 
twice  as  long  as  wide.      Length,  male  15  mm.,  wing  17  mm. 

Habitat:  Olympia,  Wash. ,  one  male.  Kincaid.  Type  no.  197. 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  unicincta,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  grayish-brown  with  a  narrow  median  line  above  ;  rostrum  reddish- 
brown,  cinereous  above  ;  palpi  brown  ;  antenna;  not  reaching  the  base  of  the  wing, 
first  two  segments  yellow,  others  wholly  dark  brown,  slightly  darker  at  the  base, 
cylindrical  ;  mesonotum  light  brownish-gray  with  four  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones 
rather  short  ;  the  median  ones  are  separated  by  a  rather  broad  slate-colored  line  ; 
scutellum  and  metanotum  brownish  ;  pleura  more  cinerescent  ;  halteres  brown,  yel- 
lowish at  the  base,  knobs  brown,  tips  lighter  ;  legs  brown,  tips  of  the  femora,  tibia 
and  tarsi  darker  ;  abdomen  brown  with  three  rather  indistinct  somewhat  broken 
brown  stripes ;  tergum  of  the  fourth  segment  nearly  wholly  brown  ;  eighth  sternite 
reddish-brown,  posterior  margin  with  a  small  median  reddish-brown  appendage 
which  is  fringed  with  short  reddish-brown  hairs ;  lateral  angles  provided  with  a  pair 
of  very  much  larger  appendages  the  bases  of  each  whitish,  somewhat  triangular,  the 
apex  bearing  a  very  long,  narrow,  flattened,  reddish-brown  claw-like  process  and  a 
few  short,  yellow  hairs  ;  hypopygium  reddish-brown  ;  upper  lamella  terminating 
in  two  rather  long  flattened  acute  points  between  which  is  a  rather  deep,  V-shaped  or 
U-shaped  incision  in  the  base  of  which  arises  a  whitish  tumid  heart-shaped  process, 
posterior  lateral  angles  much  lighter  then  the  rest  of  the  lamella  ;  base  of  ovipositor 
dark  brown,  upper  valves  reddish-brown,  rather  long,  slender,  obtuse  at  tip  ;  wings 
with  a  bi-ownish  tinge,  apical  half  slightly  darker;  stigma  brown  ;  the  broad  whitish 
band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  and  running  across  the  base  of  the  discal  and 
into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  and  the  side  of  the  fifth  posterior  cell  ;  indis- 
tinct whitish  streaks  in  all  the  posterior  cells  except  the  first  ;   similar  streaks   in   the 


116  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

anal,  axillary  and  spurious  cells,  one  or  two  of  which  reach  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  wing  ;  an  indistinct  brownish  border  along  the  distal  portion  of  the  fifth  vein  ; 
a  brown  spot  over  the  basal  cross  veins  ;  discal  cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide. 
Length,  male  19  mm.,  female  22  mm.,  wing  19  mm. 

Habitat :  Collins,  Idaho,  two  males.  (Type)  Moscow  Mt.,  Idaho, 
one  male,  one  female.  Piper.  Pullman.  Wash.,  one  male.  Key- 
port,  Wash.,  three  males,  six  females.  Doane.  Type  no.  180.  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

The  specimens  from  Keyport  are  larger  with  the  general  color  of 
the  body  yellowish  instead  of  brownish  in  all  but  two  females,  where 
the  thorax  is  grayish,  the  wings  are  more  yellowish  with  the  w-hite 
markings  more  distinct.  These  may  possibly  represent  a  distinct 
species,  but  as  they  show  so  much  variation  a  larger  series  will  be 
needed  before  the  constant  differences,  if  any,  can  be  determined. 

Tipula  acuta,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  grayish-brown  with  a  faintly  indicated  brownish  line  above  ;  ros- 
trum reddish-yellow,  grayish-brown  above  ;  palpi  brown,  darker  toward  the  tip  ; 
antennae  not  reaching  the  base  of  the  wing,  first  and  second  segments  and  the  basal 
portion  of  the  third  yellowish,  others  brown,  those  beyond  the  third  slightly  incrassate 
at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  grayish-brown  with  three  broad,  brown  stripes,  the  median 
one  divided  by  a  grayish  line,  the  lateral  ones  interrupted  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  ; 
scutellum  grayish  with  a  narrow  median  brown  stripe  ;  metanotum  and  pleura  slate 
colored,  the  former  with  a  median  brown  stripe,  the  latter  more  yellowish  posteriorly  ; 
halteres  yellow,  knobs,  brown  lighter  at  the  tip  ;  legs  brown,  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the 
femora  and  tibia  somewhat  darker,  femora  yellowish  toward  the  base ;  abdomen 
brown  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones  much  broader  posteriorly  ;  posterior 
margin  of  the  eighth  sternite  with  a  rather  deep  rounded  incision  from  the  middle  of 
which  arises  two  tufts  of  long  yellow  hair  and  from  the  sides  of  which  arises  a  pair  of 
broad  reddish-brown  two-pointed  appendages  which  bear  a  fringe  of  shorter  yellow 
hair  along  their  inner  margins  ;  posterior  margin  of  upper  lamella  of  hypopygium  with 
two  small,  crescent-shaped  incisions  ;  lower  lamella  divided,  the  posterior  lateral 
angles  furnished  with  a  pair  of  elongated  brownish  appendages  which  in  turn  are  pro- 
vided with  two  long,  slender,  twisted  pendulous  appendages  ;  ovipositor  dark  reddish- 
brown,  valves  straight,  acute  ;  wings  with  a  brownish  singe  which  is  somewhat 
darker  in  the  subcostal  cell  and  in  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cell ;  stigma  brown  ; 
the  whitish  band  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma  across  the  discal  cell  into  the  base 
of  the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  discal  cell  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide.  Length, 
male  19  mm.,  female,  21  mm.,  wing  23  mm. 

Habitat:  Palo  Alto,  Cal.,  four  males.  (Type)  Doane,  four  males, 
four  females.    Kellogg.    Type  no.  181,  Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Close  to  T.  pracisa  Lw.,  but  differs  in  the  following  points  :  an- 
tennae beyond  the  third  joint  wholly  brown  in  both  sexes  ;  stripes  on 


Sept.,i9oi.]  DOANE:     DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NeW    TiPULID.E.  Ill 

the  mesonotum  not  saturate  margined  ;  upper  valves  of  ovipositor 
acute.  I  do  not  have  a  male  oi  prcccisa  before  me  so  I  cannot  com- 
pare the  hypopygia. 

Tipula  diluta,  sp.  nov. 

Bown  ;  head  brownish -gray  with  a  narrow  median  line  above  ;  rostrum  short, 
stout,  yellowish,  grayish  above  ;  nasus  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  rostrum  ;  palpi  brown, 
lighter  toward  the  tip  ;  antennae  reaching  nearly  to  base  of  abdomen,  wholly  brown, 
segments  one  to  five  lighter  brown,  those  beyond  the  third  slightly  incrassate  at  base  ; 
mesonotum  light  gray  with  three  very  broad  brown  stripes,  the  median  one  divided  by 
a  darker  line  ;  collare  brown  ;  scutellum  light  yellowish  ;  metanotum  yellowish -gray  ; 
pleura  and  coxss  light  gray ;  halteres  brown  ;  knobs  dark  brown  ;  abdomen  brownish, 
lighter  toward  the  base,  with  a  lighter  dorsal  stripe  ;  posterior  and  lateral  margins  of  each 
segment  gray;  hypopygium  small,  brown;  upper  and  lower  lamella  indistinctly  sepa- 
rated, posterior  margin  of  the  former  with  a  short  rectangular  process  the  posterior 
lateral  angles  of  which  are  produced  into  short,  black  points  ;  ventral  side  of  lower 
lamella  light  yellow,  with  a  deep  narrow  incision,  outer  appendages  yellow,  broad, 
irregularly  ovate,  overlapping  ;  wings  with  a  brownish  tinge  except  in  the  middle 
portion  which  is  somewhat  whitish  hyaline  ;  costal,  subcostal  and  the  anterior  margins 
of  the  first  basal  and  the  anal  cells  darker  ;  stigma  brown  ;  an  indistinct  whitish  spot 
in  front  of  the  stigma.     Length,  male  12  mm.,  wing  14  mm. 

Habitat :  Colo.,  two  males.  Morrison.  Type  no.  1S2,  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  leucophsea,  sp.  nov. 

Cinereous ;  head  cinereous,  darker  posteriorly  with  a  broad  dark  brown  stripe 
above  ;  rostrum  cinereous,  long,  stout ;  palpi  brown,  darker  at  the  tip  ;  antennae  of 
female  reaching  a  little  more  than  half  way  to  base  of  wings,  first  joint  yellowish- 
brown,  second  joint  yellowish,  others  brown  ;  metonotum  cinereous  with  three  slate- 
colored  fusco-margined  stripes,  the  median  one  divided  by  a  narrow  fuscous  line  ;  a 
broad  fuscous  line  just  above  the  dorsopleura  suture  ;  collare  rather  broad,  prominent, 
cinereous,  with  a  median  brown  spot;  scutellum  and  metanotum  cinereous  each  with 
a  distinct  fuscous  line ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yellowish  ;  ground  color  of  pleura 
brown,  covered  with  a  silvery  bloom  ;  abdomen  yellowish  with  three  brown  stripes  ; 
seventh  and  eighth  segments  mostly  brown  ;  base  of  ovipositor  broad,  light  brown, 
shining,  upper  valves  reddish-brown,  broad,  apex  acute,  lower  valves  reaching  only 
to  the  base  of  the  upper  valves  ;  wings  cinereous  ;  a  spot  in  the  base  of  the  basal  cells, 
another  over  the  origin  of  the  prrefurca  and  a  larger  one  over  the  stigma  brown  ;  all 
of  the  veins  except  in  the  basal  portion  of  the  wing  more  or  less  bordered  with  brown  ; 
faint  brownish  clouds  in  all  the  cells  and  on  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  discal  cell  three 
times  as  long  as  wide.      Length,  female  30  mm.,   wing  25  mm. 

Habitat:  Colo.,  one  female.  Morrison.  Type  no.  183,  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


118  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Tipula  incisa,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  cinereous  with  a  median  narrow  dark  brown  line  above  ;  rostrum 
and  palpi  yellowish,  last  joint  of  latter  brown  ;  antenna-  reaching  to  base  of  wings,  tirst 
two  segments  yellow,  third  yellowish-brown,  remaining  segments  very  dark  brown, 
slightly  incrassate  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  cinereous  with  five  brown  stripes,  the 
lateral  ones  broad  abbreviated  anteriorly,  the  median  ones  narrower,  reaching  the  an- 
terior margin  ;  collare,  scutellum  and  metanotum  brownish-gray,  latter  with  a  faint 
median  brown  line  ;  pleura  cinereous  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  brownish- 
yellow,  tarsi  brown,  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  slightly  darker  ;  abdomen  yellowish- 
brown  with  three  brown  stripes,  posterior  and  lateral  margins  of  each  segment  yellow- 
ish ;  posterior  margin  of  eighth  sternite  with  a  fringe  of  rather  long  reddish-yellow  hair  ; 
hypopygium  reddish-brown ;  upper  lamella  with  a  deep  median  furrow,  posterior 
margin  with  a  small  V-shaped  incision  ;  the  lower  lamella  with  a  broad,  deep  incision 
in  which  there  hangs  two  rather  long  tumid  appendages  the  tips  of  which  are  fur- 
nished with  rather  long  yellowish  hair,  outer  lateral  appendages  broad,  apex  rounded  ; 
ovipositor  long,  reddish-brown,  upper  valves  slightly  arcuated  near  the  tip  ;  wings 
grayish  with  three  fuscous  spots  ;  the  first  over  the  origin  of  the  prrefurca  the  second 
over  the  stigma  and  small  cross  veins,  the  third  near  the  middle  of  the  anal  cell  ; 
costal,  subcosial  and  anterior  margin  of  anal  cell  with  a  yellowish  tinge,  the  white 
band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  running  through  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  and 
fourth  posterior  cell  interrupted  in  the  fifth  posterior  cell  but  usually  reaching  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  wing ;  a  whitish  spot  before  the  stigma  and  on  both  ends  of 
the  oblong  fuscous  spot  in  the  anal  cell  ;  discal  cell  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
wide.      Length,  male  i8  mm.,  female  23  mm.,  wing  19  mm. 

Habitat :  Wawawi,  Wash.,  four  males,  one  female.  (Type)  Pull- 
man, Wash.,  two  females.  Doane.  Type  no.  184,  Wash.  Agric.  Coll. 
&  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  subcinerea,  sp.   nov. 

Brown  ;  head  cinereous  with  a  rather  broad  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  and 
base  of  palpi  reddish-brown,  the  latter  darker  toward  the  tip  ;  antennre  not  reaching 
the  base  of  the  wings,  brown,  first  and  second  joints  yellow  ;  joints  of  flagellum 
cylindrical,  those  beyond  the  first  slightly  incrassate  at  base,  with  verticles  of  long 
yellow  hair ;  mesonotum  light  brown  with  six  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  pairs  uniting 
anteriorly,  but  suddenly  diverging  and  inclosing  a  rather  broad,  short,  brown  spot  ; 
the  median  pair  separated  by  a  fusiform  grayish-brown  line  ;  scutellum  and  metano- 
tum brownish-gray,  both  with  an  indistinct  median  brown  line  ;  pleura  gray,  a 
brown  stripe  running  posteriorly  from  above  the  base  of  the  anterior  coxce  and  end- 
ing below  the  base  of  the  wing ;  an  indistinct  brown  spot  above  the  base  of  the 
middle  coxre ;  halteres  brown,  base  yellow,  tips  of  knobs  much  lighter  ;  abdomen 
brownish-yellow,  darker  laterally  and  posteriorly,  posterior  and  lateral  margin  of 
each  segment  whitish  ;  eighth  tergite  wholly  brown  ;  hypopygium  very  dark  reddish- 
brown  ;  upper  and  lower  lamella  completely  fused  together,  the  latter  with  a  very 
deep  broad  incision  and  a  narrow,  shallow  median  yellowish  depression  ;  the  upper 
of  the  two  outer  pairs  of  appendages  is  yellow,  broadly  spatulate   with  long  whitish- 


Sept.,  igoi.]  DOANE  :     DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NeW   TiPULlD/E.  119 

yellow  hairs  at  the  tip  ;  the  second  pair  is  reddish-yellow,  more  strongly  chitinized 
with  the  apex  black,  notched  ;  wings  long,  with  a  brownish  tinge,  apex  somewhat 
darker,  with  several  indistinct  fuscous  and  whitish  spots  ;  the  fuscous  spots  at  the  base 
of  the  basal  cells,  at  the  origin  and  tip  of  the  prcefurca,  along  the  fifth  vein  and  at 
the  tip  of  the  seventh  vein  being  most  distinct  ;  indistinct  whitish  spots  in  the  mar- 
gin of  all  the  cells  in  the  posterior  part  of  the  wings,  stigma  brown  ;  discal  cell 
about  four  times  as  long  as  wide.     Length,  male  20  mm. ,  wing  22  mm. 

Habitat :  Colo.,  one  male.  Morrison.  Type  no.  185,  Wash.  Agric. 
Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  armata,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  somewhat  cinereous  above,  with  a  narrow  median  brown  line 
above  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  yellow,  the  latter  darker  at  the  apex  ;  antennae  reaching  a 
little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  yellow,  darker  toward  the  apex,  the  last  five  or  six 
segments  being  brownish  ;  the  segments  beyond  the  third  black  and  slightly  incrassate 
at  the  base  ;  mesonotum  yellow  with  four  brown  stripes  ;  scutellum,  metanotuni  and 
pleura  light  yellow  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown,  tips  whitish,  legs  yellow,  tarsi 
and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  brown  ;  abdomen  yellow  with  three  brown  stripes,  the 
lateral  ones  very  faintly  indicated  ;  eighth  sternite  somewhat  produced  and  narrowed 
posteriorly ;  posterior  margin  with  very  thick,  bushy,  long,  reddish-yellow  hair ; 
hypopygium  large,  reddish-brown  ;  upper  lamella  produced  into  two,  long,  flattened 
somewhat  triangular  processes,  the  ends  of  which  are  slightly  curved  downward  and 
inward  ;  the  outer  lateral  appendages  of  the  lower  lamella  produced  into  rather  long 
very  acute  triangular  appendages,  posterior  margin  of  lamella  with  two  small  reddish- 
brown  appendages  which  are  furnished  with  rather  long  yellowish  hair  ;  wings  of  a 
brownish  tinge,  somewhat  darker  toward  the  apex  ;  a  faint  oblong  spot  in  the  first 
basal  cell  midway  between  the  base  of  this  cell  and  the  origin  of  the  prcefurca  ;  the 
origin  of  the  prsefurca  and  the  stigma  brown  ;  costal,  subcostal  and  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  anal  cells  yellowish  ;  a  whitish  spot  running  from  in  front  of  the  stigma 
across  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell  and  follow- 
ing along  (he  vein  separating  this  cell  from  the  fifth  posterior  cell  to  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  wing  ;  a  whitish  spot  beyond  the  stigma  and  a  very  faint  whitish  spot 
in  the  posterior  margin  of  the  axillary  cell.      Length,  male  17  mm.,  wing  20  mm. 

Habitat :  Seattle,  Wash.,  four  males.  Kincaid.  Type  no.  186, 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  albovittata,  sp.  nov. 

Cinereous  ;  head  cinereous  ;  rostrum  yellowish,  cinereous  above  ;  palpi  brown  ; 
antennae  not  reaching  the  base  of  the  wings,  brown ;  second  segment  yellow  ; 
mesonotum  cinereous,  with  three  broad  brown  stripes,  the  median  one  divided 
near  its  anterior  end  by  a  short  gray  line  ;  collare  cinereous  with  a  median  brown 
line  ;  scutellum,  metanotum  and  pleura  brownish-gray  ;  halteres  light  yellow,  knobs 
brown ;  legs  brownish-yellow,  tips  of  femora,  tibia  and  tarsi  brown ;  abdomen 
brownish-yellow,  much  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones 
broken  ;  fourth  segment  almost  wholly  brown  above  ;  eighth  sternite  dark  reddish- 


120  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix 

brown,  posterior  margin  with  a  tuft  of  light  yellow  hair  ;  upper  lamella  of  hypopy- 
gium,  with  a  median  depression  and  a  slight  incision  ;  posterior  margin  of  the  lower 
lamella  with  a  broad  blunt  triangular  process  the  middle  of  which  is  whitish  and 
tumid,  the  sides  reddish-brown  ;  wings  brown  with  three  irregular  white  bands,  the 
first  near  the  base,  the  second  near  the  middle  and  the  third  toward  the  apex  of  the 
wing;  the  extreme  apex  of  the  second  submarginal  cell,  the  apical  portion  of  the 
first  posterior  cell  and  the  basal  portion  of  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  posterior  cells 
also  white  spotted ;  a  small  white  spot  at  the  origin  of  the  proefurca  ;  costal  cell  ex- 
cept a  brown  cloud  opposite  the  origin  of  the  prrefurca,  and  the  extreme  base  of  the 
wing  white  ;  discal  cell  three  times  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  17  mm.,  wing 
19  mm. 

Habitat:  Pullman,  AVash.,  one  male.  Piper.  Type  no.  187, 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  albonotata,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  grayish-brown  with  a  median  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  yellowish, 
brownish  above  ;  palpi  brown,  yellowish  toward  the  base  ;  antennje  reaching  the  base 
of  the  wings,  first  three  segments  yellow,  others  dark  brown  and  deeply  excised  be- 
low in  the  male  ;  antennae  of  female  much  shorter,  first  six  or  seven  segments  yellow- 
ish, others  brown  ;  mesonotum  brown,  with  three  broad  brown  stripes,  the  median  one 
divided  by  a  narrow  grayish  line  ;  collare  grayish-brown  with  a  median  brown  spot ; 
scutellum  brown  with  a  darker  brown  median  stripe  ;  metanotum  cinereous  ;  pleura 
slate-colored  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellowish -brown,  tarsi  and  tips  of 
femora  and  tibia  darker ;  abdomen  brownish-yellow  with  three  brown  stripes,  the 
lateral  ones  faintly  indicated,  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  yellowish  ;  eighth 
sternite  and  hypopygium  reddish-brown  ;  posterior  margin  of  upper  lamella  depressed, 
shining  black,  with  a  median  short,  blunt,  black  process  ;  lower  lamella  with  a 
rounded  incision  in  which  hangs  a  pair  of  rather  long,  brownish  tumid  appendages  ; 
ovipositor  long,  dark  brownish-red,  upper  valves  straight,  acute  ;  wings  gray  with 
three  conspicuous  whitish  spots,  the  first  incompletely  surrounding  the  stigma  and  ex- 
tending across  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell,  the 
second  near  the  distal  end  of  the  second  basal  cell,  the  third  near  the  middle  of  the 
axillary  cell  ;  stigma  and  a  small  spot  at  the  base  of  the  priijfurca  brown  ;  costal,  sub- 
costal and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cells  with  a  yellowish  tinge ;  discal  cell  a 
little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  male  15  mm.,  female  23  mm., 
wing  16  mm. 

Habitat :  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  one  male,  one  female.  Aldrich. 
Type  no.  188,  Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &:  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  spectabilis,  sp.   nov. 

Yellowish  ;  head  cinereous  with  a  narrow  median  dark  line  above  ;  rostrum 
reddish-yellow  ;  palpi  yellow,  apex  brown  ;  antennae  reaching  nearly  to  base  of 
abdomen,  the  first  three  segments  wholly  yellow,  the  next  two  or  three  segments 
yellowish  with  a  brownish  tinge,  the  remaining  segments  brown,  those  beyond  the 
third  slightly  incrassate   and  darker  at  the  base  ;  mesonotum   light  yellowish  with 


Sept.,  igoi.]  DOANE  :     DESCRIPTION    OF    NeW    TlPULID^.  121 

four  brown  stripes,  the  median  pair  separated  by  a  fusiform  light  yellow  line  ; 
scutellum  reddish-brown  ;  metanotum  and  pleura  brownish-gray  ;  halteres  yellowish, 
knobs  brown  ;  legs  brownish-yellow,  tips  of  femora,  tibia  and  tarsi  brown  ;  abdo- 
men yellowish,  darker  posteriorly,  with  three  brown  stripes  the  lateral  ones  faintly  in- 
dicated anteriorly  ;  eighth  sternite  produced  and  narrowed  posteriorly  with  a  shallow 
rounded  incision  from  which  arises  a  tuft  of  very  thick,  bushy,  long  reddish  hair  ; 
hypopygium  large,  reddish-brown  ;  posterior  margin  of  upper  lamella  with  a  slight 
depression,  with  two  very  small  median  black  points  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  shallow 
rounded  incision  in  which  lies  a  pair  of  small  reddish-brown  appendages  which  are 
furnished  with  short  yellow  hair  at  the  tip ;  outer  lateral  appendages  produced  into 
two  long  flattened  projections  the  distal  thirds  of  which  are  broadened  and  twisted  in 
such  a  way  that  the  concave  surfaces  are  toward  each  other ;  wings  brownish,  with 
darker  and  lighter  spots  ;  an  oblong  spot  in  the  first  basal  cell  midway  between  the 
base  of  this  cell  and  the  origin  of  the  prasfurca,  the  origin  of  the  prsefurca,  the  stigma, 
a  less  distinct  spot  over  the  small  cross  veins  and  at  the  tip  of  the  posterior  branch  of 
the  second  vein  darker  brown  ;  an  irregular  whitish  band  running  from  in  front  of 
the  stigma  across  the  discal  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  posterior  cells ;  a 
spot  beyond  the  stigma,  one  in  the  middle  of  the  first  basal  cell,  another  in  the  pos- 
terior margin  of  the  axillary  cell,  and  the  basal  portion  of  the  wing  whitish  ;  nearly 
all  the  veins  border  with  whitish.      Length,  male  17  mm.,  wing  20  mm. 

Habitat :  Collins,  Idaho,  ten  males.  Piper.  Type  no.  189,  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  contaminata,  sp.  nov. 

Tawny ;  head  light  brown,  darker  above  with  a  median  fuscous  line ;  rostrum 
and  palpi  light  brownish ;  first  four  segments  of  antennae  of  female  yellowish,  the 
others  yellowish-brown  ;  mesonotum  tawny,  each  of  the  four  brown  stripes  margined 
with  darker  brown  ;  collare  tawny,  with  three  brown  spots  ;  scutellum  and  metano- 
tum brownish  with  a  narrow  median  brown  stripe  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yellowish- 
white  ;  pleura  grayish-brown  ;  mesopleura  and  sternopleura  darker  brown;  halteres 
wholly  light  yellow  ;  legs  brownish-yellow,  tips  of  femora,  tibia  and  tarsi  brown  ; 
abdomen  yellowish-brown  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones  indistinct ;  pos- 
terior margin  of  each  segment  light  yellow  ;  ninth  tergite  reddish-brown  with  a  yellow 
border,  posterior  margin  with  a  broad  deep  median  incision  and  lateral  narrow  sharp 
incisions  ;  posterior  margin  of  ninth  sternite  with  a  deep  incision  ;  ovipositor  very 
short  reddish-brown,  upper  valves  forcep-like,  lower  valves  shorter,  leaf-like,  some- 
what membranous  ;  wings  broad  with  a  light  brownish  tinge,  with  several  indistinct 
whitish  spots  in  the  middle  apical  portion  of  the  wing  ;  all  of  the  veins  in  the  pos- 
terior portion  of  the  wing  with  a  more  or  less  distinct  whitish  border  ;  the  extreme 
tips  of  the  veins  with  a  dark  spot,  leaving  a  whitish  spot  in  the  margin  of  each  of  the 
posterior  cells  and  less  distinct  spots  in  the  anal,  axillary  and  spurious  cells  ;  stigma 
and  a  small  spot  on  the  origin  of  the  prsefurca  brown  ;  discal  cell  less  than  twice  as 
long  as  wide.      Length,  fema'e  20  mm.,  wing  23  mm. 

Habitat:  Colo.,  two  females.  Morrison.  Type  no.  190,  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &:  S.  of  S. 


122  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Tipula  abluta,  s\).  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  brown,  darker  above  ;  rostrum  and  paljii  yellowish-brown,  latter 
darker  at  the  ti]")  ;  first  two  segments  of  antenna;  yellow,  others  brown  ;  mesonotum  light 
brown  with  four  brown  stripes,  the  median  pair  incompletely  separated  anteriorly ;  collare 
yellowish-brown  with  three  brown  spots  ;  scutellum,  metanotum,  pleura,  and  coxte 
reddish-brown  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  brown  ;  halteres  brown,  tips  lighter  ;  legs 
brownish-yellow,  tips  of  femora,  tibia  and  tarsi  brown  ;  abdomen  yellowish-brown, 
darker  posteriorly,  with  lateral  brown  stripes  ;  posterior  and  lateral  margins  of  each 
segment  yellowish  ;  eighth  and  ninth  segments  separated  by  a  deep  furrow  above  ; 
eighth  tergite  with  two  very  short,  blunt  points  near  the  median  line  ;  lateral  margins 
of  the  ninth  tergite  drawn  out  into  a  blunt  point  posteriorly  ;  ninth  sternite  divided  by 
a  deep  quadrate  incision  ;  base  of  ovipositor  very  stout,  upper  valves  rather  short,  red- 
dish-brown, slightly  arcuated,  with  a  deep  dorso-lateral  groove  ;  lower  valves  a  little 
stouter  than  the  upper,  acute  ;  wings  very  similar  to  T.  contamiiinta,  but  narrower 
and  somewhat  darker  with  a  faint  brownish  spot  in  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell  and 
a  still  fainter  spot  in  the  posterior  margin  of  the  second  basal  cell  opposite  the  origin 
of  the  prtefurca.      Length,  female  22  mm.,  wing  21  mm. 

Habitat:  Colo.,  one  female.  Morrison.  Type  no.  191,  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


Tipula  varia,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  yellowish-brown  with  a  median  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  and 
palpi  yellow,  last  joipt  of  the  latter  brown  ;  antenna;  of  female  reaching  half  way  to 
base  of  wings,  yellow,  segments  beyond  the  fifth  dark  at  base  ;  mesonotum  light 
yellow  with  four  brown  stripes  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  reddish-brown  ;  pleura  and 
dorsopleura  membrane  yellowish  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown,  lighter  at  the  tip  ; 
legs  yellowish,  tips  of  femora,  tibia  and  tarsi  brown  ;  abdomen  brownish-yellow  with 
three  brown  stripes  ;  ninth  abdominal  tergite  almost  concealed  beneath  the  eighth  ; 
eighth  and  ninth  sterna  and  the  lower  base  of  the  ovipositor  fused  together,  light 
yellow  ;  upper  base  of  ovipositor  reddish-brown,  somewhat  cylindrical  from  above  ; 
valves  of  ovipositor  reddish-brown,  the  upper  ones  straight,  slender  tips  rounded  ; 
lower  valves  shorter,  broader  and  more  blunt  at  the  tips  ;  wings  tinged  with  brown, 
apex  somewhat  darker ;  a  brown  spot  in  the  anterior  margin  of  the  first  basal  cell 
nearly  opposite  the  tip  of  the  seventh  longitudinal  vein  ;  darker  spots  over  the  stigma 
and  the  origin  of  the  praefurca  and  much  fainter  spots  at  the  tip  of  the  posterior  branch 
of  the  second  vein  and  over  the  base  of  the  second  submarginal  and  first  posterior 
cells ;  an  incomplete  whitish  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  and  extending 
across  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  a  whitish 
spot  beyond  the  stigma,  and  a  very  faint  whitish  streak  just  beyond  the  tip  of  the 
seventh  vein  ;  discal  cell  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  wide.  Length,  female  19 
mm.,  wing  19  mm. 

Habitat:  Seattle,  one  female.  (Type)  Olympia,  Wash.,  one 
female.      Kincaid.      Type  no.  192,  Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


Sept.,  igoi.]  DOANE:     DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NeW    TiPULID/E.  123 

Tipula  albocaudata,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  cinereous  with  a  median  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  brownish- 
yellow  ;  palpi  brown  ;  antennx-  of  male  reaching  to  base  of  abdomen,  dark  brown, 
first  two  segments  and  the  base  of  the  third  yellow  ;  joints  of  tiagellum  cylindrical 
and  very  slightly  incrassate  at  base  ;  mesonotum  light  brown  or  cinereous,  with  seven 
brown  stripes,  the  median  one  very  faintly  indicated,  the  outer  pairs  united  anteriorly  ; 
collare  yellowish  with  three  brown  stripes  ;  scutellura  yellowish  ;  metanotum  grayish- 
brown  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  light  yellowish  ;  mesopleura  and  sternopleura  and  an- 
terior cox?e  slate-colored,  rest  of  pleura  light  yellowish  ;  halteres  brown,  base  yellowish, 
knobs  blackish  ;  legs  brown  ;  femora  yellowish  toward  the  base  ;  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora 
and  tibia  darker ;  abdomen  reddish-brown,  blackish  posteriorly  with  two  broad  blackish 
lateral  lines  which  are  broader  posteriorly  ;  hypopygium  black,  elongate  ;  upper  and 
lower  lamella  closely  fused  together,  the  former  with  two  yellow,  black-tipped,  short, 
slender  appendages  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep  broad  incision  and  a  median  yellow 
line,  lateral  appendages  yellow  ;  wings  almost  hyaline  with  a  very  slight  brownish 
tinge  ;  subcostal  cell  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  cell  very  slightly  tinged  with 
yellow  ;  stigma  brown  ;  the  posterior  cross  vein  with  a  very  narrow  brown  border  ; 
the  indistinct  broken  whitish  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  running  across  the 
base  of  the  discal  into  the  base  of  the  fourth  posterior  cell ;  discal  cell  more  than 
twice  as  long  as  wide.      Length,  male  17  mm.,  wing  17  mm. 

Habitat :  Pullman,  Wash.,  two  males.  (Type)  Wavvawi,  Wash., 
one  male.  Doane.  Colo.,  two  males.  Morrison.  Type  no.  193, 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  cognata,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  brownish  cinereous  with  a  median  brown  line  above  ;  rostrum  and 
palpi  brown,  the  latter  darker  toward  the  tip  ;  antennae  of  female  reaching  more  than 
half  way  to  the  base  of  the  wings,  first  and  second  joints  yellow,  third  and  fourth 
yellowish-brown,  others  wholly  dark  brown  ;  mesonotum  brownish-yellow  with  four 
dark  brown  stripes  ;  the  median  pair  is  separated  by  a  broad  grayish  stripe  which  is 
divided  by  a  light  brownish  line  ;  collare  cinereous  with  three  faintly  indicated  darker 
spots  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  cinereous,  the  former  yellowish  posteriorly,  each  with 
a  narrow  median  brown  line  ;  dorsopleura  membrane  yellow  ;  pleura  slate-colored  ; 
metapleura  and  hypopleura  with  a  yellowish  tinge  ;  halteres  light  yellowish,  knobs 
brown  ;  legs  brown,  femora  yellowish  toward  the  base,  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the 
femora  and  tibia  darker  brown  ;  abdomen  brownish-yellow  with  two  broad,  dark 
brown  stripes  above  and  sometimes  three  or  four  faintly  indicated  broken  brown  stripes 
below  ;  posterior  and  lateral  margin  of  each  segment  grayish  ;  eighth  and  ninth  seg- 
ments wholly  very  dark  brown  ;  the  posterior  lateral  corner  of  the  ninth  tergite  drawn 
out  into  a  short  blunt  process  ;  base  of  ovipositor  blackish  ;  basal  half  of  upper  valves 
rather  broad  apical  half,  slender  tip  rounded  ;  lower  valves  broader,  blunt,  reaching 
way  to  tip  of  upper  valves  ;  wings  almost  hyaline  with  a  faint  brownish  or  grayish 
tinge ;  costal,  subcostal  and  anterior  margin  of  anal  cells  and  the  base  of  the  wing 
with  a  yellowish  tinge  ;  stigma  brown  ;  the  great  and  small  cross  veins  and  the  fifth 
longitudinal  vein  faintly  and  very  narrowly  brownish  bordered  ;    discal  cell  more  than 


124  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.  [voi.  ix. 

three  times  as  long  as  wide  ;  petiole  of  second  submargiiial  cell  short.     Length,  female 
19  mm.,  wing  19  mm. 

Habitat :  Seattle,  Wash.,  one  female.  (Type)  Olympia,  Wash., 
two  females.  Kincaid.  Moscow  Mt.,  Idaho,  three  females.  Doane. 
Type  no.  194,  Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &:  S.  of  S. 

I  have  before  me  five  males  from  Olympia  which  evidently  belong 
to  this  species,  although  the  thorax  and  head  are  almost  wholly  black, 
and  the  stripes  on  the  mesonotum  faintly  distinguishable.  The  black 
color  is  evidently  due  to  desiccation.  Antennae  reaching  beyond  the 
base  of  the  abdomen  ;  first  and  second  joint  and  the  base  of  the  third 
yellow,  others  dark  brown  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  conspicuously  ex- 
cised below  ;   hypopygium  similar  to  that  of  T.  albocaudata. 

Tipula  usitata,  sp.   nov. 

Brown  ;  head  yellowish,  brownish  posteriorly,  with  a  median  brown  line  above  ; 
rostrum  yellow,  brownish  above  ;  palpi  light  brown,  darker  toward  the  tip;  antennae 
of  female  reaching  half  way  to  base  of  wings,  first  segment  brownish-yellow,  second 
vellow,  others  brown  ;  mesonotum  cinereous,  with  five  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones 
broadest ;  collare  yellowish  with  a  median  brown  line ;  scutellum  and  metanotum 
brownish,  both  with  a  faintly  indicated  median  brown  line  ;  dorsopleural  membrane 
yellow  ;  mesopleura,  sternopleura  and  anterior  coxre  slate  gray,  rest  of  pleura  and 
other  coxre  light  yellowish  ;  halteres  brown,  yellowish  at  the  base  ;  legs  brown,  tibia 
and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  darker  ;  an  indistinct  lighter  band  just  before  the  brown 
band  on  the  stigma ;  abdomen  yellowish-brown  with  three  brown  stripes,  the 
lateral  ones  broadest ;  base  of  first  segment  whitish  ;  posterior  margin  of  each  seg- 
ment grayish  or  yellowish  ;  ninth  segment  black  above,  yellowish  below  ;  upper 
base  of  ovipositor  shining  black,  valves  reddish-yellow,  darker  toward  the  tips,  tips 
blunt,  rounded  ;  lower  valves  reaching  but  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  upper  valves  ; 
wings  almost  hyaline,  with  a  grayish  tinge,  apical  portion  slightly  darker;  costal, 
subcostal  and  anterior  margin  of  anal  cells  faintly  tinged  with  yellow  ;  stigma  brown  ; 
the  whitish  broken  band  beginning  in  front  of  the  stigma  extending  across  the  base 
of  the  discal  cell  through  the  fourth  and  fifth  posterior  cells  to  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  wing  ;  a  whitish  spot  beyond  the  stigma  ;  discal  cell  more  than  three  times  as 
long  as  wide.      Length,  female  14  mm.,  wing  14  mm. 

Habitat:  Tokeland,  Wash. ,  one  female.  (Type)  Doane.  Corvalis, 
Ore.,  one  female.      Kincaid.     Type  no.  195,  Wash.   Agric.    Coll.   & 

S.  of  S. 

Tipula  graphica,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  cinereous  with  a  brown  stripe  above  ;  rostrum  yellow  ;  palpi  brown  ; 
antennre  of  female  reaching  a  little  more  than  half  way  to  the  base  of  the  wings,  first 
six  segments  yellow,  others  brown  ;  mesonotum  light  gray  with  three  broad  grayish- 
brown  stripes  each  brown-bordered,  the  median  one  divided  by  a  narrow  brown  line ; 


Sept.,  igoi.]  DOANE  :     DESCRIPTIONS    OF    New    TiPULID.'E.  125 

collare  grayish-brown,  darker  laterally  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  brownish  with  a 
median  brown  line  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  whitish  ;  pleura  gray,  hoary  ;  halteres 
yellowish,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellowish,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  brown  ; 
abdomen  brown  with  two  broad,  interrupted,  brown,  lateral  stripes  ;  posterior  and 
lateral  margins  of  each  segment  except  the  last  two  grayish  or  yellowish  ;  eighth 
segment  wholly  light  brown  ;  ninth  tergite  blackish,  lateral  margins  produced  pos- 
teriorly into  short  blunt  points ;  ovipositor  dark  reddish-brown,  upper  valves  very 
slightly  arcuated,  rounded  at  the  tip  ;  lower  valves  reaching  nearly  half  way  to  tip  of 
upper  valves  ;  wings  whitish  hyaline  with  brown  markings  along  the  costa  and  veins  ; 
the  brown  costal  border  reaching  posteriorly  to  the  fourth  vein  in  the  middle  portion 
of  the  wing  and  to  the  third  vein  in  the  apical  portion,  interrupted  before  the  stigma 
by  a  broad  whitish  hyaline  band  ;  fifth  vein  and  great  cross  vein  broadly,  others  nar- 
rowly, bordered  with  brown,  border  of  sixth  and  seventh  veins  faint ;  all  the  posterior 
cells  brown  margined,  base  of  first  brown  ;  discal  cell  four  times  as  long  as  wide,  im- 
maculate.     Length,  male  l6  mm.,  wing  17  mm. 

Habitat:  Palo  Alto,  Cal.,  one  female.  Doane.  Type  no.  196, 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  decora,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  cinereous  with  a  median  dark  brown  line  above  ;  rostrum  and  palpi 
yellow,  latter  darker  toward  the  apex  ;  antennas  of  male  reaching  beyond  the  base  of 
the  abdomen,  first  three  segments  yellow,  others  dark  brown,  darker  at  the  base,  seg- 
ments beyond  the  third  very  slightly  incrassate  at  base  ;  mesonotum  light  gray  with 
three  very  broad  brown  stripes  each  divided  by  a  faint  narrow  giayish  line  ;  collare 
brownish,  with  three  brown  spots  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  yellowish-brown,  each 
with  a  narrow  brown  stripe,  the  latter  with  two  brown  spots  on  the  posterior  margin  ; 
dorsopleural  membrane  light  yellowish  ;  pleura  hoary  ;  mesopleura  and  sternopleura 
slate-colored,  rest  lighter  gray  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  brown,  base  of 
femora  yellowish,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  darker  ;  abdomen  brownish- 
yellow,  brown  posteriorly,  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  ones  indistinct,  broken  ; 
posterior  margin  of  each  segment  yellowish  ;  hypopygium  small,  very  dark  brown  ; 
upper  lamella  with  a  very  small  incision  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  deep  rather  broad 
incision,  appendages  lighter  brown ;  wings  brownish  with  whiti.sh  spots  and  a 
crescent-shaped  subapical  whitish  band,  the  latter  beginning  in  the  costa  beyond  the 
stigma  and  extending  through  the  fourth  posterior  cell  to  the  margin  of  the  wing  ; 
two  large  whitish  spots  in  the  second  basal  cell,  smaller  fainter  spots  in  the  anal  and 
axillary  cells  and  before  the  stigma ;  stigma  brown  ;  base  of  second  submarginal  and 
first  posterior  cells  and  all  that  portion  of  the  wing  beyond  the  whitish  iiand  brown. 
Length,  male  12  mm.,  wing  14  mm. 

Habitat :    Montreal,  Can.,   one   male.      Chagnon.      Type  no.  197, 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  subtenuicornis,  sp.  nov. 

Brown  ;  head  brownish-yellow  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  yellow  ;  antennae  reaching 
to  the  base  of  the  third  abdominal  segment,  first  two  segments  and  the  extreme  base 


126  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [VoI.  ix. 

of  the  third  yellow,  others  brown,  cylindrical,  very  slightly  incrassate  at  the  base, 
bristles  of  the  verticles  long,  slender;  mesonotura  brownish-gray  with  four  brown 
stripes,  the  median  pair  slightly  broader  anteriorly  ;  collare  yellowish-brown  with 
three  brown  stripes ;  scutellum  yellowish-brown  ;  metanotum  grayish-brown,  sides 
yellowish  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  yellowish  ;  mesopleura  and  the  ventral  half  of 
the  sternopleura  blackish-brown,  rest  of  pleura  yellowish  ;  halteres  yellowish,  knobs 
brown  at  the  base,  whitish  at  the  tips  ;  legs  yellowish,  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora 
and  tibia  darker  ;  abdomen  brownish-yellow  with  lateral  narrow  brown  stripes  ;  pos- 
terior border  of  the  second  and  third  segments  with  a  narrow  black  ring ;  seventh 
and  eighth  and  all  except  the  anterior  margin  of  the  sixth  segments  black  ;  hypopy- 
giuni  small,  yellow;  upper  lamella  terminating  in  a  median,  short  rather  acute  point; 
wings  grayish  with  faint  whitish  spots  ;  subcostal  cell  faintly  tinged  with  yellow  ; 
stigma  brown,  surrounded  by  whitish  ;  a  large  whitish  spot  covering  the  tips  of  the 
basal  cells  and  the  base  of  the  discal,  fourth  and  fifth  posterior  cells  ;  faint  whitish 
streaks  in  the  second  basal,  anal  and  axillary  cells  ;  first  posterior  cell  lighter  than  the 
others;   discal  cell  twice  as  long  as  wide.      Length,  male  14  mm.,  wing  14  mm. 

Habitat:  Seattle,  Wash.,  one  male.  Kincaid.  Type  no.  198, 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  l^-  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  albofascia,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  grayish-yellow,  darker  posteriorly  with  a  very  narrow  faint  black 
line  above  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  yellow,  latter  darker  at  the  tip  ;  antennas  of  female 
reaching  nearly  to  base  of  wings,  first  three  segments  yellow,  others  brown,  yellowish 
at  the  joints  ;  mesonotum  light  yellowish  with  three  broad  reddish-brown  stripes  ; 
collare  yellowish  with  three  darker  spots  ;  scutellum  and  metanotum  brownish-yellow  ; 
dorsopleural  membrane  yellow  ;  pleura  yellow  with  a  whitish  bloom  ;  halteres  yellow, 
knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellow,  tarsi  and  tips  of  femora  and  tibia  darker  ;  abdomen  yellow 
with  three  brown  stripes  ;  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  light  yellow ;  eighth  and 
ninth  segments  wholly  very  dark  brown  ;  base  of  ovipositor  very  dark  reddish-brown, 
shining  ;  upper  valves  reddish,  slender,  straight,  tips  rounded  above  ;  lower  valves 
broader,  blunt,  hardly  reaching  the  middle  of  the  upper  valves ;  wings  almost 
hyaline  faintly  tinged  with  yellow,  apex  slightly  darker ;  costal,  subcostal  and  anterior 
margin  of  anal  cells  slightly  tinged  with  yellow  ;  the  whitish  band  beginning  in  front 
of  the  stigma  extending  across  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  through  the  fourth  and  fifth 
posterior  cells  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wing  ;  discal  cell  about  twice  as  long  as 
wide.      Length,  female  20  mm.,  wing  21  mm. 

Habitat :  Corvalis,  Ore.,  one  female.  Kincaid.  Type  no.  199, 
Wash.  Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 

Tipula  lucida,  sp.  nov. 

Yellow  ;  head  cinereous  ;  rostrum  yellow  ;  palpi  brownish-yellow,  darker  toward 
the  tip  ;  antennae  of  male  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  wings,  first  two 
segments  and  the  base  of  the  third  yellow,  others  brown,  cylindrical,  very  slightly  in- 
crassate at  the  base  ;  antennas  of  the  female  hardly  reaching  half  way  to  the  base  of 
the  wing,   first  three  segments  yellow,   others  brown  ;    whole  thorax  honey  yellow, 


Sept.,  1901.]         Webster  :  Southern  Corn-Leaf  Beetle.  127 

shining  ;  dorsopleural  membrane  whitish  ;  halteres  yellow,  knobs  brown  ;  legs  yellow, 
tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  tibia  darker  ;  abdomen  honey  yellow,  darker 
posteriorly,  with  black  dots  on  the  lateral  margin  of  each  segment  which  are  some- 
times incompletely  connected  by  brownish  stripes  ;  a  brownish  spot  on  the  first  ster- 
nite  ;  eighth  tergite  somewhat  produced  and  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin 
with  two  tufts  of  long  reddish  hair  ;  hypopygium  large,  reddish  yellow  ;  posterior 
margin  of  upper  lamella  with  a  slight  median  incision,  lateral  angles  produced  into 
short,  slender,  acute  points  ;  lower  lamella  with  a  rather  deep  incision  in  which  lies  a 
pair  of  short  reddish-brown  appendages  the  tips  of  which  are  fringed  with  long  yellow 
hair  ;  base  of  ovipositor  honey  yellow,  shining,  valves  reddish,  upper  valves  slightly 
arcuate,  long,  slender,  acute  ;  lower  valves  broader,  obtuse,  reaching  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  upper  valves  ;  wings  hyaline,  subcostal  cell  and  stigma  with  a  slight 
yellowish  tinge ;  a  very  faint  scarcely  perceptible  whitish  streak  running  from  in  front 
of  the  stigma  across  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  ;  discal  cell  twice  as  long  as  wide. 
Length,  male  15  mm.,  female  i8  to  20  mm.,  wing  17  mm. 

Habitat:  Moscow  Mt.,  Idaho,  one  male,  one  female.  (Type) 
Doane.  Collins,  Ida.,  two  males.  Piper.  Type  no.  200,  Wash. 
Agric.  Coll.  &  S.  of  S. 


THE  SOUTHERN   CORN-LEAF  BEETLE:   A  NEW 
INSECT   PEST  OF  GROWING  CORN. 

plates  vii-ix. 

By  F.   M.   Webster. 

While  investigating  the  habits  of  the  species  of  Siniiiliiim,  inhabit- 
ing the  country  adjacent  to  the  Mississippi  River  in  Arkansas  and 
Louisiana,  early  in  April,  1S87,  I  observed  in  a  small  field  of  corn, 
on  the  old  Perkins  Plantation,  at  Somerset  Landing,  Tensas  Parish, 
Louisiana,  a  number  of  beetles,  Myochroiis  dcuticollis  Say,  attacking 
the  young  corn. 

They  were  found,  largely,  in  the  soil  about  the  stems  of  the  plants 
at  or  very  near  the  surface  of  the  ground,  where  they  seemed  to  be 
engaged  in  gnawing  the  bases  of  the  outside  leaves,  and  were  not 
then  observed  to  depredate  upon  the  upper  portion  of  the  leaves,  nor 
were  they  at  any  time  observed  running  over  the  plants.  At  the 
time,  however,  the  corn  plants  were  very  small,  not  having  put  forth 
more  than  three  or  at  most  four  leaves.  No  serious  injuries  were 
observed  at  the  time,  and  more  pertinent  investigations  prevented 
my  giving  them  further  attention.      I  was  not  then  aware  of  what  has 


128  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

since  been  learned,  viz.,  that  the  beetles  are  quite  easily  alarmed, 
and,  when  disturbed,  drop  to  the  ground  and  secrete  themselves  in 
crevices,  under  clods,  or  about  the  bases  of  the  plants.  There  was 
no  evidence,  in  this  field,  to  throw  any  light  upon  the  food  plants  of 
the  species,  other  than  corn. 

These  facts  were  recorded  in  substance  by  the  writer  in  Report  of 
United  States  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  for  the  year  1887,  p. 
147,  and  up  to  the  present  year,  this  has  remained  the  only  published 
notice  relative  to  the  food  habits  of  the  insect,  so  far  as  I  have  been 
able  to  learn.  Prof.  S.  J.  Hunter,  in  a  recent  letter,  reports  injury 
to  young  corn,  at  Hartford,  Kansas,  May  31,  1894,  and  Prof.  S.  A. 
Forbes  writes  me  that  it  had  been  taken  at  Cobden,  Union  county, 
Illinois,  on  corn.  Mr.  W.  H.  Ashmead,  in  his  "  Notes  on  Cotton 
Insects  in  Mississippi"  published  in  Insect  Life,  Vol.  VII,  pp.  25- 
29,  240-247,  1894,  includes  the  species  among  those  found  on  the 
cotton  plant,  but  it  was  not  observed  to  feed  thereon. 

The  species  was  described  in  1824*  by  Thomas  Say,  under  the 
name  of  Colaspis  denticollis,  as  follows  : 

C.  denticollis. — Lateral  thoracic  edge  three-toothed  ;  elytra  serrate.  Inhabits 
Missouri. 

Body  black,  slightly  bronzed,  covered  with  dense,  robust,  cinereous  hairs  :  an- 
tennae dull  rufous  at  base ;  thorax  with  three  equal,  equidistant  teeth  on  the  lateral 
edge  ;  elytra  with  lateral  edge  minutely  dentated  ;  tip  simple  ;  anterior  tibiie  and 
posterior  thighs  one-toothed.      Length,  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

To  the  ordinary  observer,  these  beetles  are  about  three-sixteenths 
of  an  inch  long  and  about  one-third  as  wide  as  long,  frecjuently  so 
covered  with  earth,  which  becomes  intermixed  with  the  dense  hairs, 
that  they  look  more  like  animated  bits  of  soil  than  they  do  like  in- 
sects.    See  Plate  VII,  Figs,  i,  2,  t  dorsal,  and  2,  lateral  views. 

The  species  is  clearly  a  southwestern  one,  and,  probably,  one  of 
those  that  has  worked  its  way  northward  from  Mexico,' and,  perhaps. 
Central  America.  But  on  this  point  I  shall  have  more  to  say  later. 
Its  distribution  in  the  United  States  may  be  outlined  as  extending 
from  Washington,  D.  C,  to  extreme  southwestern  Iowa,  southern  Ari- 
zona, and  Texas,  Florida  and  Virginia.     The  exact  localities,  so  far  as 

'^ Jour.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  448,  being  Descriptions  of  Co- 
leopterous Insects  Collected  in  the  late  Expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  per- 
formed by  order  of  Mr.  Calhoun,  Secretary  of  War,  and  under  command  of  Major 
Long. 


Sept., I90I.]         Webster:   Southern  Corn-Leaf  Beetle.  129 

I  have  been  able  to  obtain  them,  are  as  follows  :  Washington,  D.  C. 
(Chittenden)  ;  Columbus  (J.  S.  Hine),  Marietta,*  and  Cheshire, 
Ohio  (Webster)  ;  Kentucky  (S.  J.  Hunter),  Kentucky,  opposite 
Cincinnati,  Ohio  (Dury,  25  years  ago)  ;  Paxton,*  Indiana  ;  Urbana, 
Champaign  county,  and  Clay,  Jackson,  Union  and  Pulaski  counties, 
Illinois  (Forbes)  ;  Kirkwood,*  Cadet,*  Missouri  City,*  Missouri ;  East- 
port,  Iowa  (Wickham)  ;  Lawrence,  Douglass  county  and  Hartford, 
Lyon  county,  Kansas  (Hunter);  Vinita,  Indian  Territory  (Wickham)  ; 
Tucson,  Arizona  (Wickham);  Las  Cruces,*  New  Mexico;  El  Paso 
(LeConte),  Dallas,*  Columbia,*  Columbus  *  (Wickham),  Victoria,* 
Brownsville*  (Wickham),  Texas;  Somerset  Landing  (Webster), 
New  Orleans  (Forbes),  Shreveport,*  Louisiana;  Vicksburg,*  Miss- 
issippi; Archer,*  Capon,*  Enterprise,*  Florida;  Fortress  Monroe,* 
Virginia.  LeConte  includes  the  species  in  his  list  of  Coleoptera  of 
Kansas  and  Nebraska,  and  also  in  his  list  for  eastern  New  Mexico, 
but  does  not  give  exact  localities.      See  map,  Plate  IX. 

The  first  information  that  I  had  of  this  insect,  in  destructive 
abundance,  in  Ohio,  came  from  Mr.  Alva  Agee,  of  Cheshire,  who 
wrote  me  under  the  date  of  June  2,  1900,  to  the  effect  that  "The 
miserable  fellows  helped  to  eat  up  a  field  of  corn." 

As  Mr.  Agee  had  accompanied  his  complaint  with  specimens  of 
the  insect,  there  was  no  doubt  as  to  its  identity,  and  on  June  4th  I 
sent  my  assistant,  Mr.  Newell,  to  investigate  the  matter.  It  was  found 
that  the  area  of  serious  depredation  was  not  confined  to  a  single  field, 
but  covered  a  territory  about  three  miles  square,  rather  rough  and  un- 
even in  its  topography,  with  the  worst  infested  fields  located  upon  the 
hills  and  ridges,  and  consisting,  uniformly,  of  lands  that  had  the 
previous  year  been  devoted  to  pasture,  or  else  had  several  years  prior 
to  the  present  been  allowed  to  lapse  into  a  semi-wild  condition. 
Farmers  in  the  neighborhood  had  observed  the  work  of  the  insect  for 
about  tour  years. 

The  beetles  commence  their  work,  in  this  locality,  about  the  first 
week  in  May,  or  as  soon  as  the  corn  plants  appeared  above  ground. 
They  feed  during  early  morning  or  toward  evening,  during  clear  days 
when  the  sun  shines,  but  during  cloudy  days  they  may  be  observed 
thus  engaged  at  any  time.  If  there  are  passing  clouds,  they  will  feed 
while  the  sun  is  obscured,  but  as  soon  as  the  clouds  pass  from  before 

*  Specimens  in  the  United  Slates  Nat.  Museum. 


130  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,        [Voi.  ix. 

the  sun,  they  quickly  seek  cover  from  its  hot  rays  and  hide  themselves 
away  under  clods,  in  crevices  in  the  ground  or  about  the  bases  of  the 
plants,  showing  no  inclination  to  take  flight,  but  running  rapidly. 

On  June  yth,  a  female  was  dissected,  and  eggs  found  in  the  ovaries. 
These  eggs  were  yellow  in  color,  cylindrical,  and  estimated  to  be 
about  I  mm.  in  length  and  about  one-fifth  as  broad  as  long,  with  the 
ends  roundingly  truncated.  It  has  not  yet  been  possible  to  observe 
where  the  eggs  are  deposited,  nor  have  I  been  able  to  learn  where  the 
insect  passes  the  larval  and  pupal  stages.  As  it  belongs  to  a  group  of 
beetles  which  includes  Paria,  Fidia,  Colaspis,  Heteraspis  and  several 
other  genera,  species  of  which  are  known  to  feed  upon  the  roots  of 
plants,  in  the  larval  stage,  it  is  fair  to  presume  that  the  larvte  of  this 
species  are  of  subterranean  habits  also. 

On  July  2ist,  Mr.  Newell  again  visited  the  same  locality  and  found 
a  few  beetles  still  feeding  upon  the  corn  plants,  usually  inside  of  the 
unfolding  leaves  or  on  the  tassels.  The  effects  of  their  attacks  upon 
the  corn  plant  is  shown  in  Plate  VII,  Fig.  3,  while  the  general  effect 
is  illustrated  in  Plate  VIII,  Fig.  i,  from  a  photograph  taken  by  Mr. 
Newell  on  July  23d,  showing  the  condition  of  a  field  at  that  date,  the 
standing  corn  being  that  from  a  second  planting.  In  a  corner  of  this 
field  was  a  small  space  where  the  second  planting  had  not  been  at- 
tacked, and  this  is  illustrated  in  Plate  VIII,  Fig.  2,  showing  what  the 
condition  of  the  entire  field  should  have  been,  even  after  the  first 
planting  had  been  destroyed  by  the  Myochrous.  Both  in  the  fields 
and  in  our  breeding  cages  the  beetles  fed  freely  on  corn,  timothy  and 
crabgrass,  Paniciim  pubescens,  but  very  sparingly  on  bluegrass  and 
redtop,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  the  beetles  can  survive  on  the  latter  two. 

October  24,  1900,  I  found  a  few  beetles  about  asters  and  feeding 
on  young  belated  broom  corn.  April  12,  1901,  Mr.  Newell  found 
one  adult  among  asters,  showing  that  at  least  some  of  the  insects  win- 
ter over  in  that  stage.  No  material  damage  has  been  done  in  the  lo- 
cality the  present  year,  up  to  July  i5t.h. 

A  species  of  larvae  were  found  in  great  abundance  about  the  roots 
of  two  species  of  Aster,  A.  pilosiis  var.  platyphyUiis  and  A.  Jdrsuti- 
collis,  (?)  upon  the  roots  of  which  they  evidently  subsist.  Owing  to 
the  fact  these  larvs  were  swept  off  in  myriads  by  the  ravages  oi  Sporo- 
tn'chi/m  g/obii/i/crn/n,  I  was  only  able  to  rear  a  single  adult,  which 
Prof.  C.  H.  Fernald  thinks  may  prove  to  belong  to  a  new  species  of 
Tortricidce.      Early  in  November,    1900,   I  visited   the   locality  and 


Sept.,  1901.]         Webster  :    Southern  Corn-Leaf  Beetle.  131 

about  the  roots  of  these  same  species  of  Aster  found  great  numbers  of 
a  coleopterous  larv^x  which  from  their  resemblance  to  the  larvae  of  other 
Eumolpini  seemed  likely  to  be  those  of  Myochroiis  dcnficollis,  but 
again,  on  account  of  the  attack  of  Sporotrii/iinn,  only  a  single  adult 
has  been  reared  and  that  a  Pari  a. 

By  the  accompanying  map,  Plate  IX,  I  have  endeavored  to  illustrate 
the  known  distribution  of  this  and  the  other  two  species  of  the  genus 
Myochroiis,  not  as  in  any  way  throwing  additional  light  upon  the  food 
habits  of  M.  deuticollis,  though  one  of  them,  M.  sqitamosus,  seems  to 
have  the  habit  of  collecting  under  dried  excrement  of  the  Bison,  when 
these  existed  in  its  area  of  distribution,  and,  later,  under  the  dried  ex- 
crement of  cattle.  Mr.  Dury  tells  me  that  he  always  collected  M.  deuti- 
collis under  boards  and  similar  objects  laying  on  the  ground,  and  on 
low  lands. 

In  their  distribution,  M.  deuticollis  inhabits  the  country  east  of  a 
line  drawn  from  southwestern  Iowa  to  Tucson,  Arizona,  while  J/. 
sqiimuosus  ranges  from  northern  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  to  the 
Platte  River  in  Nebraska  and  northwest  into  Montana,  probably 
through  western  South  Dakota  and  Wyoming.  Af.  lougi/lus,  the  only 
remaining  species  of  the  genus  to  be  mentioned,  is  known  to  range 
from  southern  California  and  Arizona,  northward  into  Colorado,  where 
it  has  been  reported  by  LeConte,  without  exact  locality.  It  not  un- 
likely occurs  also  in  Utah,  though  it  has  not  yet  been  reported  from 
there  in  our  literature,  so  far  as  I  am  able  to  learn,  but  in  any  case 
overlapping  the  territory  inhabited  by  31.  sqiiamosics  in  northern  Ari- 
zona and  New  Mexico,  and  also,  probably,  in  Colorado,  while  the 
latter  species  borders  on  and  possibly  mingles  with  AT.  deuticollis  in 
southwestern  Arizona,  eastern  New  Mexico,  western  Kansas,  and, 
probably,  extreme  southeastern  Nebraska. 

In  their  anatomical  affinities,  deuticollis  is  the  most  remote  from 
sqitauiosus,  though  their  habitat  is  contiguous  if  not  indeed  overlapping, 
and  the  nearest  to  lougulus,  whose  habitat  is  far  to  the  south,  and  only 
touching  in  Arizona.  Thus  is  would  seem  that  the  first  two  had  been 
the  earliest  species  to  push  northward,  and  have  become  the  most 
widely  separated  in  structure,  while  lougulus  seems  to  have  been  the 
latest  to  enter  our  fauna.  The  genus  Diabrotica  offers  some  very  good 
illustrations  of  the  evolution  of  species  along  the  west  coast,  inde- 
pendently, as  it  would  appear,  from  those  along  the  eastern  shores. 
Hence,  J/,  lougulus  might  very  probably  represent  a  west  coast  variation. 


132  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

From  what  we  know  of  the  genus  MyocJiroits,  in  Mexico  and  to 
the  southward,  we  may  with  more  data  be  able  to  trace  denticollis  back 
to  its  southern  home.  According  to  Mr.  Martin  Jacoby,*  M.  melan- 
cholicus,  a  species  very  closely  allied  to  denticollis,  occurs  at  Durango, 
Pueblo  and  Tabasco,  in  Mexico,  and  also  in  Panama,  thus  already  im- 
plying a  possible  origin  of  the  latter  species.  M.  femonilis,  also 
closely  allied  to  ilenticollis,  occurs  in  British  Honduras,  which  rather 
strengthens  this  theory.  Other  species  of  the  genus  inhabiting  the 
country  to  the  southward  of  the  United  States,  are  sallcei,  albovillosus 
and  carinatiis,  from  Mexico,  and  tibialis,  from  British  Honduras  and 

Guatemala. 

EXPLANATION   OF    PLATE    VIL 

Fig.  I.    Myo'-tiroiis  denticollis,  dorsal  view. 
Fig.  2.  "  "  lateral  view. 

Fig.  3.    Corn  plant  showing  ravages  of  Myochrotis  dmticollis. 

EXPLAN.\TION   OF   PLATE   VIIL 
Fig.  I.   General  effect  of  attacks  of  yl/.  denticollis. 

Fig.  2.  Corner  of  same  field  where  the  plants  from  second  planting  were  not  de- 
stroyed. 

EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE    IX. 

Map  showing  distribution  of  Myochrons  denticollis,  M.  squamosus  and  iJ/. 
loniTitliis. 


ON   SOME   BEES  OF  THE  GENUS  ANDRENA   FROM 
NEW  JERSEY. 

By  T.   D.   a.   Cockerell. 

The  females  of  the  species  under  consideration  may  be  separated 
by  the  following  table.  I  have  included  two  species  of  Colletes  which 
resemble  Andrcna  and  may  be  confused  with  it.  The  material  herein 
discussed  was  collected  by  Dr.  J.  B.  Smith,  and  consists  of  species  on 
which  he  has  made  biological  observations. 

Base  of  metathorax  (propodeum)  with  a  transverse  ridge  enclosing  a  narrow  strongly 

plicate  area I. 

Base  of  metathorax  without  such  a  ridge 2. 

1.  Hair  of  thoracic  dorsum  pale  ochraceous  and  black Colletes  inaqualis  Say. 

Hair  of  thoracic  dorsum  bright  orange-ferruginous Colletes  thoracica  Smith. 

2.  Larger  species  ;   abdomen  shining  black  without  hair-bands  ;  thorax  covered  with 

ochraceous  hair 3. 

Smaller  species  ;  abdomen  with  hair-bands  at  least  partially  developed 5. 

*  Biologia  Centrali-Americana,  Vol.  VI,  Pt.  I,  and  Supplement,  Pt.  I. 


Sept.,  1901.]  COCKERELL  :     SOME  BeES    FROM    NeW    JeRSEY.  133 

3.  Hair  at  end  of  abdomen  ferruginous diinniiigi  C\d\. 

Hair  at  end  of  abdomen  black 4. 

4.  Hair  of  pleura  black  ;  process  of  labrum  rounded carlini  Ckll. 

Piairof  pleura  pale  ;  process  of  labrum  truncate vicijia  Smith. 

5.  Abdomen  shining,  with  strong  punctures  ;    hair  at  apex  of  abdomen  pale  feiTugi- 

nous. hippotes  Rob. 

Abdomen   tessellate,  with  minute    punctures  ;   hair  at  apex  of  abdomen  sooty  or 
purpl  ish-bl  ack 6 . 

6.  .Stigma  and  tegulte  piceous  ;   process  of  labrum  deeply  bifid sp.  incert. 

Stigma  and  tegulse  ferruginous;   process   of  labrum  conical    in   t)utline,  the    apex 

rounded  and  entire placida  Smith. 

Andrena  dunningi  CIdl. 

Both  sexes  from  Newark,  in  May.  A.  viciniformis  Rob.,  is  a 
synonym  ;   at  least,  I  can  find  no  difference. 

Andrena  vicina  SmUJi. 

One  9  from  Burlington  Co.,  May;  marked  '■' hicolor.''''  It  was 
unexpected  so  far  south. 

Andrena  carlini  Ckll. 

Females  from  Jamesburgh,  May  ;  Burlington  Co.,  May;  Prosper- 
town,  June  i  ;   one  is  marked  '■'■vicina.'''' 

Andrena  bipunctata  Cress. 

$,  Newark,  May.  9,  Prospertown,  June  i.  Not  included  in 
the  table  ;  the  $  has  the  clypeus  yellow  with  two  black  spots  ;  the  9 
is  known  by  the  small  size,  clypeus  (black)  punctured  only  at  sides, 
the  middle  smooth  and  shining,  process  of  labrum  broad,  abdomen 
tessellate  and  practically  impunctate,  wings  yellowish,  nervures  and 
stigma  honey-color,  etc. 

Andrena  hippotes  Rob. 

Newark,  May.  Marked  " ////^A?."  It  agrees  exactly  with  a  speci- 
men of  hippotes  received  from  Robertson.  The  four  hind  tarsi,  and 
the  two  hind  tibire  of  the  9  are  red. 

Andrena  placida  Smith. 

Jamesburgh,  May.  Identified  from  the  description,  but  I  think 
certainly  correct.  Marked  ''A.  viola,''  but  not  congeneric  with 
lomclissa  violas,  Rob. 

Andrena,  sp.  incert.    (See  table.  ) 

A   9    with  no  data;   marked  "  salicis,"  which  it  is  not. 


134  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.  [VoI.  ix. 

Colletes  ina^qualis  Sav. 

Lahaway  and  Newark  ;  both  sexes.     April,  May.     Labelled  "  ^/z- 

drena  hilaris. ' ' 

Colletes  thoracica  Siiiifh. 

One  9  ,  Lahaway,  June  20.  Hitherto  known  from  Florida.  It 
has  a  superficial  resemblance  to  the  European  Andrcna  nitida. 

Colletes,  sp.  incert. 

Prospertown.  Marked  "  compacta,'''  but  not  that  species  ;  allied 
to  C.  cvslivalis.  I  have  compacta  from  Mr.  Robertson,  and  believe  it 
is  correctly  identified.      Not  in  table. 


TYPES  OF  ANTHOMYID  GENERA. 

By  D.  W.  Coquillett. 

The  present  paper  is  an  attempt  to  settle  the  question  of  what 
species  is  the  type  of  each  North  American  and  European  genus  of 
Anthomyidce  that  has  been  proposed  up  to  the  present  time,  a  ques- 
tion of  vital  importance  both  as  regards  the  synonymy  and  also  the 
correct  names  for  the  various  genera.  Li  those  cases  where  the  origi- 
nal describer  of  a  given  genus  did  not  designate  the  type  species,  and 
more  than  one  species  was  mentioned  or  described,  the  first  species,  or 
at  least  the  first  of  the  recently  recognized  species,  has  been  selected 
as  the  type,  and  when  none  of  the  species  have  been  recently  recog- 
nized the  question  of  the  type  species  has  been  left  open  ;  cases  of 
the  latter  kind  are  chiefly  confined  to  Rob.-Desvoidy's  ill-conceived 
and  very  imperfectly  described  genera  and  species,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  some  one  more  familiar  with  the  AnthomyidcC  of  France 
will  settle  this  phase  of  the  question  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

Genera  and  their  type    Species. 
Achanthiptem  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Musca  inanis  Fallen. 
Acroptena  Pokorny.     Described  one  species  as  new,  simonyi. 
Acyglossa  Rondani.     Type  as  given,  Acyglossa  diversa  new  species. 
Adia  Desvoidy.      Described  one  species  as  new,  oralis,  not  since 
recognized. 

yEgei-ia  Macquart.      Change  in  spelling  Egcria. 


Sept.,  1901.]  COQUILLETT  :    TvPES    OF    AnTHOMYID    GeNERA.  135 

AUeostylus  Schnabl.      Described  one  species  as  new,  sudcticus. 

A//ognota  Pokornv.  One  species  mentioned,  Cxnosia  agromyzella 
Rondani. 

Aviinta  Desvoidy.  Described  five  supposed  new  species,  none 
since  recognized. 

Anthomyia  Meigen.  Mentions  Musca  medifahunda  Fabr. ,  and 
Musca  phivialis  Linne.  The  latter  species  was  designated  the  type  by 
Westwood,  Introd.,   II,  Synop.,  143. 

Anthomyza  Zetterstedt.      Change  of  spelling  Anthomyia. 

Aricia  Desvoidy.  Described  nine  species  as  new,  the  first,  impunc- 
tata,  =  Musca  impiincta  Fallen  according  to  Macquart,  His.  Nat.  Dipt., 
II,  293.  Westwood,  Introd.,  II,  Synop.,  141,  gives  Musca  lardaria 
Fabr.  as  the  type,  but  Desvoidy  included  this  species  in  Macrosovia  ; 
Rondani,  Dipt.  Ital.,  I,  95,  gives  Mitsca  crratica  Fallen,  but 
Desvoidy  placed  this  in  Phaoiia ;  neither  of  these  two  species  can 
therefore  be  regarded  as  the  type  oi  Aricia. 

Aspilia  Rondani.  Type  as  given,  Anthomyia  allofalla  Meigen, 
but  in  Dipt.  Ital.,  VI,  65,  Rondani  queries  this  identification  and 
places  this  genus  as  a  synonym  of  Spiios^aster. 

Atherigona  Rondani.  Type  as  given,  Anthomyia  varia  Meigen, 
placed  as  a  synonym  o(  A/usca  quadripunctata  Rossi  in  Anthom.  Ital., 
123. 

Atomogaster  Macquart.  Type  as  given,  Anthotnyia  iriqiietra 
Meigen,  but  Zetterstedt,  Dipt.  Scand.,  IV,  1592,  states  that  this  is  a 
wrong  identification,  and  named  the  present  species  Aricia  macguartii. 

Azelia  Desvoidy.  Described  9  species  as  new,  the  third, 
nelnilosa,  is  given  by  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  330,  as  a  prob- 
able synonym  oi  triquetra  =  Aricia  macquartii  Zett. 

Blainvillia  Desvoidy,  One  species  as  new,  paipata,  not  since  rec- 
ognized. 

Botanophila  Lioy.     Type  as  given,  Antiiomyia  varicolor  Meigen. 

Brachylabis  Schnabl.     Type  as  given,  Musca  flaveola  Fallen. 

Brachyophyra  Giglio-Tos.      One  species  as  new,  effrons. 

Caricea  Desvoidy.  Described  eighteen  species  as  new.  Rondani, 
Dipt.  Ital.,  I,  98,  gives  Musca  tigrina  Fabr.,  as  the  type,  placing 
Desvoidy' s  fourth  species,  vulgaris .,  as  a  synonym.  Macquart,  Hist. 
Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  344,  places  the  second  species,  communis,  as  a  synonym 
of  tigrina. 

Centrocera  Pokorny.     Type  as  given,  Cxnosia  decipiens  Meigen. 


136  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Charadrclla  V.  d.  Wulp.      One  species  as  new,  macrosoma. 

Chelisia  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Citnosia  monilis  Meigen. 

Chiastocheta  Pokornv.      Type  as  given,  Aricia  trollii  Zett. 

Chirosia  Roxdani.      Type  as  given,  Aricia  albitarsis  Zett. 

Chloc  Desvoidy.  One  species  as  new,  silvicola,  not  since  rec- 
ognized. 

Chlorina  Desvoidy.  Describes  two  species  as  new,  neither  of 
which  has  since  been  recognized. 

Choristonima  Stein.      One  species  as  new,  pokoniyi. 

Chortophila  Macquart.  Describes  twenty-two  species.  West- 
wood,  Introd.,  II,  Synop.,  142,  gave  as  the  type  AntJwmyia  sepia,  the 
fifteenth  species. 

Ciinlwtoma  LiOY.  Type  as  given,  Delia  floricola  Desvoidy,  not 
since  recognized. 

Cinochira  Zetterstedt.      One  species  as  new,  atra. 

Ccelofnyia  Haliday.     One  species  as  new,  niollissiiiia. 

Ccenosia  Meigen.  Describes  twenty-eight  species.  Westwood, 
Introd.,  II,  Synop.,  143,  gives  as  the  type  Miisca  tigrina  Fabr. ,  the 
second  species,  but  according  to  Zetterstedt,  Dipt.  Scand.,  IV,  17 13, 
this  was  an  erroneous  identification,  and  he  named  this  form  An- 
thomyza  ciliatocosta.  Rondani,  Dipt.  Ital.,  I,  97,  gave  Coenosia  sex- 
maculata  Meigen  as  the  type,  but  this  also  was  not  among  Meigen's 
species.  In  his  Anthom,  Ital.,  9,  Rondani  gives  Miisca  geniculata 
Fallen,  the  twentieth  species  described  by  Meigen. 

Cosnwstyla  LioY.  Type  as  given,  Hylonyia  ri/Jit'entris  Macq., 
not  recently  recognized. 

CiiciiUa  Desvoidy.  Three  species  as  new,  none  since  recog- 
nized. 

Delia  Desvoidy.  Describes  twenty-nine  species  as  new,  none 
since  recognized. 

Dendrophila  LiOY.      Type  as  given,  Mi/sca  hilaris  Fallen. 

Dexiopsis  Pokorny.      Type  as  given,  Aricia  lacteipennis  Zett. 

Dialyta  Meigen.      One  species.  Muse  a  erinacea  Fallen. 

Dolichogaster  Stein.       One  species  as  new,  americana. 

Dry??ieia  Meigen.  One  species,  obsciira,  an  arbitrary  change  of 
name  for  Miisca  hamata  Fallen. 

Egeria  Desvoidy.     Three  species  as  new,  none  since  recognized. 

Eginia  Desvoidy.  One  species  as  new,  cy/indrica,  not  since 
recognized. 


Sept.,  1901.]      CoQuiLLETT :    Types  OF  Anthomyid  Genera.  137 

Egle  Desvoidy.  Described  twenty-one  species  as  new,  none 
since  recognized. 

Ereinomyia  Stein.      Four  species  as  new,  tlie  first,  Jiiiineralis. 

Erunschia  LiOY.      Type  as  given,  Owrtophila  floccosa  Macq. 

Eriopoda  Lioy.  Type  as  given,  AutJiomyia  ornata  Meigen,  not 
recently  recognized. 

Eriostyla  Lioy.  Type  as  given,  Civnosia  ihtlna  Macq.,  not 
recently  recognized. 

EripJiia  Meigen.      One  species  as  new,  ciiierea. 

EiipJicniia  Desvoidy.  Four  species  as  new,  the  first,  pratensis  = 
Aliisca  Iceta  Fallen  according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  292, 
and  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr. ,  I,  603.  Tlie  latter  also  adds  the  second 
species,  claripe/inis,  to  this  synonymy. 

Euryomnia  Stein.      One  species  as  new,  hispaniense. 

Eiistalomyia  Kowarz.      Type  as  given,  Aliisca  hilaris  Fallen. 

Eiifrichota  Kowarz.      One  species,  Ceenosia  inoruata  Loew. 

Fanuia  Desvoidy.  One  species  as  new,  saltafrix,  =  Miisca  sca- 
laris  Fabr.  according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  H,  333,  and 
Schiner,  Fauna  Austr. ,  I,  654. 

Fellma  Desvoidy.  Five  species  as  new,  the  first,  fera,  =  An- 
ihomyia  urhana  Meigen  according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II, 
287,  and  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  612, 

Fucellia  Desvoidy.  One  species  as  new,  arenaria,  =  Scatomyza 
fiicorum  Fallen  according  to  Pandelle,  Revue  Ent.,  1900,  Etudes 
Muse,  271. 

Gastrolepta  Lioy.     Type  as  given,  Musca  coarctata  Fallen. 

Gymnogaster  Lioy.      Type  as  given,  Anthomyia  dissecta  Meigen. 

Halithea  Haliday.  Two  species  described,  the  first,  Scatomyza 
fiicoriim  Fallen. 

Haiiunomyia  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Aricia  albescens  Zett. 

Hebecnona  Schnabl.  Five  species  mentioned,  the  first,  An- 
thomyia umbra  tic  a  Meigen. 

Helina  Desvoidy.  Described  seven  species  as  new,  the  first,  eu- 
phemioidea,  =  Antlwmyia pertiisa  Meigen  according  to  Schiner,  Fauna 
Austr.,  I,  623. 

Hera  Schnabl.     One  species  as  new,  mikii. 

Homalomyia  Bouche.  Three  species,  the  first,  Musca  canicularis 
Linne,  is  given  as  the  type  by  Westwood,  Introd.,  II,  Synop.,  143. 

Hoplogaster  Rondani.     Arbitrary  change  of  spelling  Oplogaster. 


138  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.          [VoI.  ix. 

Hydraphoria  Des\oidy.  Described  nine  species  as  new,  the  fifth 
and  sixth,  tibialis  and  sagittaria,  =  Miisca  socia  Fallen  according  to 
Pandelle,  Revue  Ent.,  1900,  Etudes  Muse,  222. 

Hxdrotcea  Desvoidy.  Described  seventeen  species.  Westwood, 
Introd.,  II,  Synop.,  142,  gives  as  the  type  Miisca  meteofica  Linne,  the 
eleventh  species,  but  according  to  Rondani,  Anthom.  Ital.,  12,  this 
was  an  erroneous  identification,  and  is  Miisia  irritixiis  Fallen.  Ron- 
dani, Dipt.  Ital.,  I,  94,  gives  Musca  deiitipes  Fabr.  as  the  type,  and 
in  Anthom.  Ital.,  11,  places  Desvoidy's  sixth  '&\)tc\t?,,  flavifacies,  as  a 
synonym. 

Hyetodesia  Meade.      Arbitrary  change  in  spelling  Yetodcsia. 

Hylemya  Desvoidy.  Described  sixteen  species.  Westwood,  In- 
trod., II,  Synop.,  142,  gives  Aiitliomyia  hi/aris  Meigen  as  the  type, 
but  this  is  not  among  the  recognized  species.  Rondani,  Dipt.  Ital., 
I,  96,  gives  Musca  sfrigosa  Fabr.,  and  in  Anthom.  Ital.,  117,  places 
Desvoidy's  first  species,  streiiua,  as  a  synonym,  following  Macquart, 
Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  317. 

Hylephila  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Musca  buccata  Fallen. 

Hyporites  Pokorny.      Type   as  given,  Eripliia   montanus  Schiner. 

Lasiops  Meigen.  Five  species  mentioned,  the  first,  Anthomyia 
apicalis  Meigen,  is  given  as  a  jjrobable  synonym  of  Anthomyia  senii- 
cinerea  Wied.  by  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  619;  the  second, 
Anthomyia  occulta  Meigen,  belongs  to  HydrotcBa ;  the  third,  An- 
thomyia cunctans  Meigen,  belongs  to  Loncho'a  according  to  Schiner, 
Fauna  Austr.,  I,  618,  footnote,  based  on  a  type  specimen;  the  fifth, 
Lasiops  cenesceus  Meigen,  an  arbitrary  change  of  name  of  Chortophila 
lasiophthalma  Macquart,  also  belongs  to  Lonchcva.  This  leaves  the 
fourth  species,  Musca  hirticeps  Fallen,  as  the  type. 

Lcucomelina  Macquart.     One  specimen  as  new,  pica. 

Lcucophora  Desvoidy.  Describes  five  species  as  new,  the  third, 
cincrca,  =  Aricia  albescens  Zett.  according  to  Rondani,  Dipt.  Ital., 
VI,  236. 

Limnophora  Desvoidy.  Describes  twenty  species  as  new,  none 
since  recognized. 

Limosia  Desvoidy.  Describes  twenty-eight  species  as  new,  the 
sixth,  campestt'is,  =  Co'nosia  albicornis  Meigen  according  to  Mac- 
quart,  Hist.   Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  348. 

Litorella  Rondani.     Type  as  given,   Ochihiphila  littorclla  Fallen. 

Lispe  Latreille.      Original  description  not  seen  by  the  writer, 


Sept.,  igoi.]       Coquillett:    Types  of  Anthomvid  Genera.  139 

but  in  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.  Ins.,  Ill,  462,  wliich  appeared  six  years 
later,  Musca  ienfaculata  DeGeer  is  given  as  the  type. 

Lispocephala  Pokornv.      Type  as  given,  A/ithoinyia  alma  JVIeigen. 

Macj-orchis  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Mitsca  iiiCiiitata  Fallen. 

Macrosovia  Desvoidv.  Two  species,  the  first,  Aliisca  Ian/aria 
Fabr. 

Afelanochelia  Rondani.      Type  as  gi\en,  Aricia  sitrda  Zett. 

Microcera  LiOY.      Type  as  given,  Musca  ciliata  Fabr. 

Musciosoma  Liov.      Type  as  given,  Anthomyia pmpotcns^'i^^. 

Myantha  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Musca  caiiicularis  Linne. 

Mycophaga  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Musca  fuiigorum  De  Geer. 

MydcEa  Desvoidy.  Nine  species  as  new,  the  fifth,  scutellaris,  = 
Musca  pagana  Fabr.,  according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II, 
291,  and  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  611. 

Mydina  Desvoidy.  Describes  twenty-two  species  as  new,  the 
fourth,  dispar,  =  Mi/sca  quadruin  Fabr.  according  to  Macquart,  Hist. 
Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  295,  and  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  607. 

Myoda  Lamarck.  Describes  eight  species,  the  first,  Musca  toi- 
taculata  De  Geer. 

Myopina  Desvoidy.  One  species,  reflcxa  =  Musca  myopina  Fallen 
according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  389,  and  Schiner, 
Fauna  Austr.,  I,  6 58. 

Neurota  LiOY.     Type  as  given,  Musca  grisca  Fallen. 

Nerina  Desvoidy.      Five  species  as  new,  none  since  recognized. 

Ocromyia  LiOY,  Type  as  given,  Hylcmyia  pallida  Macq. ,  not 
recently  recognized. 

Onodontha  Rondani.  Type  as  given,  Hydrofa'a  floccosa  Macq., 
but  in  Anthom.  Ital.,  15,  Rondani  states  that  this  was  an  erroneous 
identification,  and  names  this  form  penicillata. 

Ophyra  Desvoidy.  Four  species,  as  new.  Westwood,  Introd., 
II,  Synop.,  142,  gives  as  the  type,  Atitlwuiyia  Icucostoiiia  W'ied.  The 
first  two  species,  nitida  and  pubcsccns,  are  synonyms  of  this  sjiecies  ac- 
cording to  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  620. 

Oplcgaster  Rondani.     Type  as  given,  Musca  mollicula  Fallen. 

Orchisia  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Saproinyza  costata  Meigen. 

Pacliystoma  Liov.  Type  as  given,  Anthomyia  crassirostris  Meigen 
=  Musca  flavipennisYdW^w  according  to  Rondani,  Dipt.  Ital., VI,  182. 

Palusia  Desvoidy.  Ten  species  as  new,  the  eighth,  testacea,  = 
Musca pumila  Fallen  according  to  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  665. 


140  Journal  New  York.  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Parachortophila  Bu;ot.      No  species  mentioned. 

Paranthomyia  Bigot.      Same. 

Paraspilogaster  Bigot.  Same.  Published  as  Fa?-apsiloi:;aster,  a 
typographical  error,  since  in  his  preface  Bigot  informs  us  that  his  new 
names  were  formed  by  prefixing  para  to  the  name  of  the  nearest  related 
genus. 

Parazelia  Bigot.     Same. 

Parhomalomyia  Bigot.  Same.  Pannalomyia,  as  published,  is  an 
error,  corrected  in  an  author's  extra  sent  to  the  writer. 

PegomyaV)'£Sso\V)\.  Describes  six  species.  Westwood,  Introd.,  II, 
Synop. ,  143,  gives  as  the  type,  Anthomyiaftilgens  Meigen,  but  this  is  not 
among  the  recognized  species.  The  first  species,  hyoscyami  Fabr.  = 
chenopodii  Rondani  according  to  the  latter  author,  Dipt.  Ital.,  VI, 
207,  and  according  to  Meade,  Ent.  Mon.  Mag.,  1883,  9,  chenopodii 
is  a  color  variety  of  JMiisca  hyoscyami  Panzer. 

Peiitacricia  Stein.      One  species  as  new,  aldrichii. 

Pcfonia  Desvoidy.  One  species  as  new,  rostrata,  =  Miisca  ciliata 
Fabr.  according  to  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr. ,  I,  614. 

Phaonia  Desvoidy.  Five  species  as  new,  the  first,  vianim,  =  An- 
thoinyia  erraiica  Meigen  according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II, 
287,  and  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  604. 

Philinta  Desvoidy.  Four  species,  the  first,  Musca  canicularis 
Linne. 

Piioraa  Desvoidy.      Four  species  as  new,  none  since  recognized. 

Phorhia  Desvoidy.      Five  species  as  new,  none  since  recognized. 

Phyllis  Desvoidy.  Four  species  as  new,  the  first,  flava,  =  An- 
thomyia  diaphana  Wied.  according  to  Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  623. 

Phyllogastcr  Stein.     One  species  as  new,  cordyluroides. 

Piezura  Rondani.      Type  as  given,  Piczura  pardalina,  sp.  nov. 

Platyccenosia  Strobl.      One  species  as  new,  inikii. 

Pogonomyia  Rondani.    Type  as  given,  Pogouoinyia  alpicola  sp.  nov. 

Poliefes  Rondani.     Type  as  given,  Musca  lardaria  Fabr. 

Pfltamia  Desvoidy.     Two  species  as  new,  neither  since  recognized. 

Proboscimyia  Bigot.      One  species  as  new,  siphonina. 

Prosalpia  Pokorny.  Three  species  as  new,  the  first,  styriaca,  = 
Anthomyza ma'reus  Zett.  according  to  Strobl.,  Verh.  Zool.-Bot.  Gesell. 
Wien.,  XLIII,  265. 

Pseiidoli)iinophora  Strobl.  Mentions  six  species,  the  first,  Musca 
triatisiila  Fallen. 


Sept.,i9oi.]         COQUILLETT  :     TyPES    OF    AnTHOMVID    GeNERA.  141 

Psilometopia  Liov.  Type  as  given,  Owrtopliila  aesia  Macci.  = 
Mydcea  communis  Desvoidy  according  to  Meade,  Ent.  Mon.  Mag., 
1881,  62. 

Psiloptera  Liov.      Type  as  given,  Miisca  irritans  Fallen. 

Quadnila  Pandelle.      First  species  is  Antliomyza  annosa  Zett. 

Rhaditia  Kowarz.      (3ne  species,   Chirosia  moii/a/ia  Pokorny. 

Rhyiichotri chops  Schnabl.  Four  species  listed,  the  first,'  An- 
thomyza  aculeipes  Zett. 

Rohrella  Desvoidy.  Nine  species,  the  seventh,  /;'<7^77/jr,  =  Musca 
pallida  Fabr.  according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  289,  and 
Schiner,  Fauna  Austr. ,  I,  605. 

Scha^nomyia  Westwood.    Arbitrary  change  of  spelling  Scliceuomyza. 

Schivnomyza  Haliday.  Two  species  listed.  Westwood,  Introd. , 
II,  Synop.,  143,  gives  as  the  type  the  first  species,  Sciomyza  fasciata 
Meigen. 

Spilogaster  Macquart.  Describes  thirteen  species.  Westwood, 
Introd.,  II,  Synop.,  142,  gives  as  the  type  the  seventh  species,  Musca 
quadrun  Fabr. 

Stagnia  Desvoidy.     Two  species  as  new,  neither  since  recognized. 

Stenogaster  \aoy .  Type  as  given,  Chortophila  augusta  Macq.,  not 
recently  recognized. 

Stroblia  Pokorny.     Arbitrary  change  of  name  oi Pscudolimuophora. 

Syllegopterula  Pokorny.      One  species  as  new,  beckeri. 

Tetrachczta  Stein.      One  species  as  new,  unica. 

Tetramerinx  Berg.     Change  of  name  of  Tetrcehccta,  preoccupied. 

Thricops  Rondani.  TyP^  ^^  given,  Aricia  liirtula  Zett.,  but  in 
Anthom.  Ital.,  76,  Rondani  states  that  this  was  an  erroneous  identifi- 
cation and  names  this  form  anthomyinus. 

Trennia  Desvoidy.  One  species  as  new,  iiigriconiis,  =  Anthomyia 
errans  Meigen  according  to  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.,  II,  287,  and 
Schiner,  Fauna  Austr.,  I,  604. 

Tricophthicus  Rondani.     Arbitrary  change  of  name  of  Thricops. 

Trigonostoma  Liov.  Type  as  given,  Chortophila  frontalis  W.?iC(\. , 
not  recently  recognized. 

Yetodesia  Rondani.  Change  of  name  of  Aricia,  preoccupied. 
Type  as  given  of  Aricia  Rondani  (not  of  Desvoidy),  Musca  erratica 
Fallen. 

Zabia  Desvoidy.   One  species  as  new,  longipes,  not  since  recognized. 

Zaphne  Desvoidy.     Two  species  as  new,  neither  since  recognized. 


142  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Synonymy  and  Types. 

The  following  is  only  a  partial  synonymy  of  the  genera,  and  many 
names  are  retained  as  valid  which  future  study  will  degrade  to  the 
rank  of  synonyms.  As  here  given,  several  changes  are  made  in  the 
names  of  genera  from  those  adopted  by  Meade  in  the  Ent.  Mon.  Mag., 
1881-1883.  Thus,  Hyctodesia  is  replaced  by  Phaonia,  a  much  older 
name  ;  Spilogastcr  is  united  to  Afydcca,  as  Strobl  and  Stein  already 
have  done  ;  TricJiophtJiicus  is  a  synonym  of  Lasiops,  as  stated  by 
Meade,  who  preferred  to  perpetuate  the  error  of  Rondani  rather  than 
to  correct  it ;  Hoinaloinyia  gives  way  to  Faiinia ,  an  older  name,  and 
Ca'Iomyia  becomes  a  synonym  of  it,  following  Strobl  and  several  others  ; 
Chortophila  and  Phorbia,  which  have  been  united  by  Stein  and  some 
others,  are  merged  into  Pegoniyia,  as  the  slight  difference  in  the  color- 
ing of  the  legs  is  hardly  of  generic  importance  ;  and  finally,  2Pe/a/w- 
chelia  is  a  synonym  of  Limnophora,  as  Rondani  has  already  stated  in 
Dipt.  Ital.,  VI,  103. 

Achanthiptera  Rond.,  1856  ;   inanis  Fall. 
Acropicna  Pokoniy,  1893;   j-Zwcv/jv  Pokorny. 
Acyglossa  Pond.,  1866  ;   d/vcrsa  Rond. 
AUognota  Pokorny,  1893;   agromyzella^o^'D. 
Atithomyia  Meigen,  1803  ;  phivialis  Linne. 
?  Egle  Dcsv. ,  1830  :   type  ? 

Anthomyza    Zett.,    1838  ;  phivialis   Linne.      Not  Anthomyza 
Fallen,  1810;  nor  Swainson,  1833;  tior  Swainson,  1837. 
Paranthomyia  1882;   Bigot,  type? 
Atherigona'Ko^V). ,  1856  ;  quadripuncfata  Rossi. 
Azelia  Desv.,  1830  ;  macquartii  T.kxi:. 

Atomogaster  Macq.,    1835;   macquartii  Zett. 
Parazelia  Bigot,  1882;   type? 
BracJiyopliyra  Giglio-Tos,  1893;  effrons,  GiGLio-Tos. 
Caricea\y'£.'t>\.,  1830;   tigrina  Y.\^\i.. 
Cent  roc  era  Pokorny,  1893  ;    de  dpi  ens  Meig. 
Charadrella  v.  D.  W.,  1896  ;   macrosonia  v.  d.  W. 
C/ielisia 'Ko'ax).,  1856;  momlis  Meig. 

Oplogaster  Pond.,  1856  ;  mollicula  Fall, 
Hoplogaster  Rond.,  1870  ;   mollicula  Fall. 
Chirosia  Rond.,  1856  ;  atbitarsis  Zett. 

Chiastocheta  Pokorny,  1889  ;  trollii  Zett. 


Sept.,  igoi]       CoQUiLLETT :    Types  cv  Anthomvid  Genera.  143 

C/iotistomma  '&TE\^,  1895;   pokornyi  ?iTEi-H. 
Cinochira  Zkvt.,  1845;   atra  Xy.-yx. 
Ccenosia  Meig.,  1826  ;  geniculata  Fall. 

LimnosiaZ'nz'. ,  1830;  albicornis  Meig. 

Palusia  Dcsv.,  1830;  pumila  Fall. 

?  Eriostyla  Z/<ri',  1864;  di/bia  ISiixcQ. 

Orch\s\di  R Olid.,  1877;  (7m"A?A?  Meig. 

Pseudolimnophora  Strobl,  1893  ;  triangula  Fall. 

Stroblia  Fokoniy,  1893  ;  triangula  Fall. 
DialytaM.YA(:..,  1826;    erinaceaY kia.. 
Dexw/>sis  YoKORtiY,  1893;   lacteipennis  T.y.tt:. 
Drymeia  Meig.,  1826  ;  hainafa  Fall. 
Eremotnyia  Stein,  1898  ;  Jiiimeralis  Stein. 
Eiijyouwia  Stein,  1899  ;    hispaiiiense  Stein. 
Eiistalomyia  Kowarz,  1873  ;   hilaris  Fall. 

Dendrophila   Lioy,    1864;     hi/aris    Fall.      Not   Dcndropliila 
Sivainsoii,  1837. 
Faiiuia  T)^s\.,  1830;  scalaris  Yxbv.. 

Philinta  Desv.,  1830  ;   canicitlaris  Linne. 

Homalomyia  j9^//r//^,  1834;   ca/u'cu/aris  hiNi^E. 

Ciiilomyia  Ha/id.,  1840;  mo//tssima  HAhiD. 

Myaniha  Ro/id.,  1856;   ai/i/cu/an's  hmNE. 

?  Cimbotoma  L/oy,  1864  ;  floricola  Desv. 

PEriopoda  Lioy,  1864  ;  oniata  Meig. 

Parhomalomyia  ^/^t;/,  1882;  type? 
Fucellia  Desv.,  1841  ;  fucorum  Fall. 

Halithea  Halid.,    1838;  fucorum  Fall.      Not  Halithca  Sav- 
ignv,  1817. 
Hammomyia  Rond.,  1877  ;   albescens  Zett. 

Leucophora  Desv.,    1830  ;    albescens    Zett.      Not  Leucophora 
Goldf. ,    1820. 
Hydrophoria  Y)k'A\ . ,  1830;   socia  Yaia.. 
Hydrotcea  Desv.,  1830;  dentipes  Ya^k. 

Peronia    Desv.,    1830;    ciiiata    Fabr.      Not    Peronia  Blain- 

VILLE,     1824. 

Onodontha  Rond.,  1856;  pcnicillata  Rond. 

Psiloptera    Lioy,     1864;     irrifans     Meig.       Not     Psiloptera 

SoLiER,  1833. 
Microcera  Liov,  1864  ;   ciiiata  Fabr.     Not  Microcera  Meigen, 

1803  ;   nor  Mann,  1830  ;  nor  Zetterstedt,  1842. 


1-44  'Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  xi. 

Hylemya  Desv.,  1830  ;  strigosa  Fabr. 

?  Chloe  Dcsv.,  1830;  silvicola  Desv. 

Musciosoma  Lioy,  1864  ;  prcepoteiis  Wied. 

Gastrolepta  Lioy,    1864;     coarctata    Fall.     Not    Gastrolepta 
RoNDANi,  1862. 

?  Ocromyia  Z/(r)',  i2>6^  ;  pallida  Macq. 

Neurorta  Lioy,  1864  ;  grisea  Fall. 

?  Cosmostyla  Z/t'j',  1864;  rupi7'enlris  Macq. 

Pachystoma  Z/Vy,    1864 ;  Jlar'ipenuis  Fall.      Not  Pachystoma 
Guild,  1828;  nor  Alb.  1850. 
Hylephila   Rond.,    1877;    buccataYMJL. 

Hyporites    Fokoniy,    1893  ;   inontatiits  Schiner. 

Prosalpia  Z'^^Xv/v/v,  1893;  mm^-ois,  Zett. 
Lasiops  M'^iQ..,  183S;   IiirticcpsYwA.. 

Thricops  Ro/id.,  1856;  anf/ioiiiyini/s 'R.O'U'D. 

Tricophthicus -/?^v/('/. ,  1861  ;    anllwmyim/s  KoyB. 

Rhynchotrichops  6'r////(7/'/,  1889;  acy^li-ipe's  Zett. 
Leucomclina  Macq.,  1850  ;  pica  Macq. 
LimiiophoraDESX.,  1830;  type?  Melanochelia 7?^>;/^/.,  1866;  surda 

Zett. 
Z/>/^  Latr.,  1796;  tentaculata  De  G. 

Myoda  Lamarck.^    1816  ;   tentaculata  De  G. 
Lispocephala  Pokorny,  1893  ;  alma  Meig. 
Macrorchis^o^V). ,  1877  ;   meditata  Fall. 
Mycophaga  Rond.,  1856;  fiaigofum  De  G. 

Eutrichota  Kinuarz,  1S93  \   inornata  Loew. 
Mydcea  Desv.,  1830  ;  pagana  Fabr. 

YtW'x^d.  Desv.,  1830;  urbana  Meig. 

Aricia  Desv.,   1830;    ii/ipuiicta   Fall.      Not  Aricia  Savigny, 
1817. 

Helina  Desv.,    1830  ;  pertusa  Meig. 

Mydina  Desv.,  1830  ;   qiiadntm  Fabr. 

?  Eginia  Z>^'i-?'. ,  1830;    cylindrica  Desv. 

?  Potamia  Z><?^z'.,  1830;   type? 

?  Stagnia  ZJd'i-t'. ,  1830;    type? 

?  Blainvillia  Desv.,  1830  ;  palpata  Desv. 

?  Cuculla  Desv.,  1830  ;  type? 

?  Zaphne  Desv.,  1830  ;   type  ? 

Phyllis  Desv.,  1830;  diaphana  Wied. 


Sept..  I90I.]         COQUILLETT:     TVPES    OF    AnTHOMYID    GeNERA.  145 

Spilogaster  Macq.,  1835;   (juadnnn  Yabk. 

As^'iMa.  Roiid.,  1866  ;    ?  allofalla  Meig. 

Paraspilogaster />'4^(?/,  1882  ;   type? 
Myopina  Desv.  ,  1830;  niyopina  Fall. 
Ophyra  Desv.,  1830;   leucostoina  Wied. 
PegomyaY)'S.?>\.,  1830;    hyoscyami  V h.'^z. 

?  Egeria  Desv.,  1830;  type?    Not  £'^'-(?/'/(zRoissy,  1805;     nor 
Dumeril,  1806;   nor  Leach,  1815. 

?  Nerina  Z^^j-?;.,  1830;   type? 

?  Adia  Desv.,  1830  ;  oralis  Desv. 

?  Phorbia  Desv.,  1830;  type? 

?  Aminta  Z>,?j-e'. ,  1830;  type? 

?  Delia  Desv.,  1830  ;   type  ? 

?  Zabia  Desv.,  1830;   longipes  Desv. 

?  Phorcea  Desv.,  1830  ;   type? 

?  Chlorina  Z?^j-z'. ,  1830  ;  type? 

"i Mg^x'xdi.  Macq.,  1835;   type?     Not  MgeriaYw^v..,  1808. 

Chortophila  Macq.,  1835  ;  sepia  Meig. 

Botanophila  Z/fT)^,  1864;  varico/or  M.'e.ig. 

Gymnogaster  Lioy,    1864  ;   dissecta   Meig.     Not    Gyinnogastei 
Gronov.,  1754;  nor  Dejean,  1833;  nor  Blanch.,  1851. 

?  Trigonostoma  Lioy,    1864;  frontalis  Macq.     Not   Trigonos- 
/<?wa  Blainville,  1825  ;  nor  Fitz.,  1833  j   nor  Dejean,  1833. 

Psilometopia  Lioy,  1864  ;   cofiimiinis  Desv. 

Erioischia  Z/<y',  1864;  floccosa  Macq. 

?  Stenogaster    Lioy,    1864;    angusta   Macq.      Not    Sfenogastei 
SoLiER,  1833  ;   nor  Hahn.,  1835  ;   nor  Koll.,  1853. 

Paracortophila  Bigot,  1882  ;   type  ? 

Brachylabis  Sclinahl,    1889  ;  flaveola  Fall.     Not   Bracliylabis 
DOHRN,    1864. 
Fetitacricia^T'Ei^,  1898;   a Idrieli ii  STKm. 
Phaonia  Desv.,  1830;   erratica  Meig. 

Trennia  Desv.,  1830  ;  erraiis  Meig. 

Euphemia  Desv.,  1830  ;  l(eta  Fall. 

Rohrella  Desv.,    1830  ;  pallida  Fabr. 

Hera  Schnabl,  1888;   ;////'// Schn a bl. 

Hebecnema  ScJmahl,  1889;  uvibratica  Meig. 

Quadrula  Pandelle,  1898  ;    annosa  Zett. 
Phyllogaster^TYXii,  1898;   cordyluroides  ^'X'^x^. 


146  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  xi. 

Yetodesia  Rond.,  1861  ;  erratica  Fall. 

Hyetodesia  Meade,  1875  ;  erratica  Fall. 

Alleostylus  .5'r//;7rt!/V,  1888;  sudeticiis  ^cvwkm^. 
Pieziira  Rond.,  1866  ;  pardalina  Rond. 
Platyca'Hosia^'xv.o^x.,  1894;  w/X'// Strohl. 
Pogonomyia  Rond.,  1870  ;  alpicola  R<jnd. 

Eriphia  Mcig.,  1826  ;  cinerea  Meig.     Not  Eriphia  Latreille, 
1817. 
Polietcs  Rond.,  1866  ;   lardaria  Fabr. 

Macrosoma  Desv.,    1830  ;     lardaria  Fabr.      Not   Macrosoma 
HiJBNER,   1816. 
Probosciinyia  Bigot,  1883  ;  siphoniua  Bigot. 

Dolichogaster  Stein,   1898  ;    amcricana  Stein.      Not    Doliclw- 
^rt-i-Z^r  Macquart,  1848. 
Phadina  YiovfAYt^z,  1893;  moiitaiia  'Poy.ok'HW 
Sc/uenoinyza  Halid.,  1833  :  fasciata  Meig. 

Schsenomyia  Westwood,  1840;  fasciata  Meig. 

Litorella  Rond.,  1856  ;   littorella  Fall. 
Syllegopteritla  Pokorny,  1893  ;   I'eckeri  Pokorny. 
TetramerinxBKYLG,  1898;  unica  Stein. 

Tetrachseta  6"/^///,  1898;  unica  Stein.    Not    TetracJuvtaYAiV.., 
1844. 


Jfliini.   N.   V.   Ent.   Soc. 


Vol.   IX.     PI.   VIII. 


Fig.  2. 

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JOURNAL 


jOpiD  ]9opk  Qntomologiffll  Horiptg* 

\^ol.  IX.  DECEMBER,  1901.  No.  4. 


CATALOGUE    OF    THE    DESCRIBED    TRANSFOR- 
MATIONS   OF    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA. 

By  William  Beutenmuller. 

The  present  Catalogue  was  prepared  by  me  some  years  ago,  but  for 
obvious  reasons  the  publication  of  the  same  has  been  delayed,  and  it 
is  possible  that  a  number  of  titles  may  have  been  added  since  or  that 
some  have  been  omitted.  A  number  of  New  Zealand  species  are  also 
included, 

RHOPALOCERA. 

Ornithoptera  priamus  var.  pronomus  Gray. 

1885— Larva,  chrysalis.     G.  F.  MattJic-u.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  VoL  X, 

p.  262. 
1887 — Larva,  chrysalis.      G.  F.  Matt/iew.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt. ,  p.  l68. 
Food-plants  :   Ipomaa,  Aristolochia. 

Papilio  capaneus  West. 

1887- — Life-history  (col'd  figs.).      G.  F.  J\faUhezu.    Trans.   Ent.   Soc.   Lond., 

pt.  I,  p.  179  (as  F.  indicatiis  Butl.). 
Food-plant :   Citrus. 

Papilio  erithonius  Cramer. 

1S57 — Larva,    chrysalis.      Ilorsejield  ^  Monre.      Cat.  Lepid.  E.  I.  C,  Vol.  I, 

1857,  p.  105,  pi.  Ill,  fig.  6. 
1887 — Life-history   (brief).      G.   F.   Matt/ieza.     Trans.   Ent.  Soc.  Lpnd.,  pt.  I, 

p.   169. 
Food-plant :    Salvia. 

Papilio  macleayeanus  Leach. 

1888— Larva!  stages  (figs.),  chrysalis  (brief).      A.   S.  Olliff.     Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 

Hist.,  p.  358. 
1889 — Lana,  chrysalis  (brief).     A.  S.  Ollijf.     Austral.  Butterflies,  p.  36. 
Food-plant  :  Orange. 


148  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Papilio  eurypylus  vai.  lycaon  ll\-s/-i>. 

1SS7 — Life-history.     G.  J-'.  Ma/l/iew.     Trans.  EiU.  Soc.  Lond.,  pi.  I,  p.  177. 
1889— Larva  (brief).     ./.  S.  OUiff.     Austral.  Butterflies,  p.  35. 
Food-plant  :   Custard  apple  [Ano/ia). 

Papilio  ulysses  L/m/. 

1855 — Larva,  chrysalis.      Clieiiii.     Ency.  Nat.  Hist.  Papillons,  p.  35. 

Papilio  enactus  MacL. 

1SS7 — Life-history   (col'd   figs.),      G.    F.    Mattluw.      Trans.   Ent.  Soc.    Lend., 

pt.  I,  p.  176. 
l88g — Larva,    chrysalis.      H.     lyrou.       Insect    and    Fungi    Pests,    Queensland 

(Rep.  Dept.  Agricul.,  p.  105). 
Food-plant  :  Orange. 

Papilio  sarpedon  Linn. 

1863 — Larva,  chrysalis  (fig. ).     /.   G.    IVood.      Nat.  Hist.,  p.  509. 

1874 — Larva,  chrysalis.     J.  G.  Wood.      Insects  Abroad,  p.  569. 

1880 — Larva,  chrysalis.     J.  G.   Wood.     Insects  Abroad,  p.  569. 

1888— Larval  stages.     A.  S.  Olllff.     Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  357,  pi.  20  (^var. 

choredon,  Field). 
1889 — Larva,  chrysalis.    .7.  S.  Olliff.    Austral.  Butt.,  p.  35(var.  choredon,  Field). 
Food-plant :   Camphor  Laurel. 

Papilio  agamemnon  Linn. 

1857 — Larva,  chrysalis.      Horsefield  o"^    Moo>-e.      Cat.  Lepid.    E.  I.  C,  Vol.  I, 
p.  I  (4,  pi.  Ill,  figs,  9  and  9rt. 

Papilio  aegeus  Don. 

1887 — Life-history  (2  and  3  moults  not  described).      G.  F.  Matthew.     Trans. 

Ent.  Soc.  Lend.,  pt.  i,  p.  172. 
1888— Larva,  chrysalis  (brief).     A.  S.  Olliff.      Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  359. 
1888— Larva  (brief).      C.  C.  Britllebank.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  V,  p.  II6. 
1888— Larva  (brief).      ./.  S.  Olliff.      Austral.  Butt.,  p.  34. 
1889 — Larva,    chrysalis.      H.     Tyron.      Insect    and    Fungi     Pests,    Queensland 

Dept.  Agricul.,  p.  lo5. 
1890 — Larval  stages.      Hy.  Ediaavds.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  20. 
Food-plants  :  Orange,  Xanthoxyliiiii. 

Elodina  angulipennis  Lucas. 

18S7— Egg.      G.  F.  MatthezL).     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.    Lond.,  pt.  I,  p.  155. 
Food-plant  :    Capparis  nohilis. 

Terias  hecabe  LJnn. 

1891 — Larva,   chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).      G.    Semper.     Reisen    in    Archipel.    der 
Phillippinen,  Vol.  V,  p.  255,  pi.  B,  fig.  4. 

Pieris  teutonia  Fahr. 

1887 — Life-history  (col'd    figs.).      G.   F.   Matthezo.     Trans,  f^nt.  Soc.  Lond., 

pt.  I,  p.  155- 
18S7— Larva,  chrysalis.     /.   G.   O.   Tepper.      Card,  and  Field,  Vol.  13,  p.  80. 


Dec,  1901.]  BeUTENMI'LLER  :      AUSTRALIAN    LkPIDOPTF.RA.  149 

iSgo — Egg,   young  larva,   chrysalis.      Ily.    Edwards.      Vict.    Nat.,    Vol.    VII, 

p.  20. 
Food-plant  :      Capparis  niitiJwIlii. 

Pieris  scyllara  MacL. 

18SS — Larva,    chrysalis    (col'd    figs.).      G.    F.    Alatf/u-w.     Trans.    Ent.    Soc. 
Lond.,  p.  155  (as  7'.  latilimbata^. 

Delias  nigrina  Fair. 

1SS9 — Larva,   chrysalis  { figs. ).      A.  S.   OUiff.     Austral.    Butterflies,  p.  28. 
Food-plant  :    l.oranthits. 

Delias  aganippe  Don. 

1S7S— Larva,   chrysalis    (col'd  tigs.).      F.   McCoy.      Prod.    Zool.  Vict.,  Vol.  I, 

Decade  I,  p.  37,  \A.  10. 
1S87 — Larva,  chrysalis.      /.   (/'.  O.    'Feppc.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  So. 
Food-plants  :  Loraiithiis,  Exocarpiis. 

Delias  harpalyce  Bojt. 

187S — Larva,    chrysalis    (col'd  figs.).      F.   McCoy.      Prod.  Zool.  Vict.,  Vol.  I, 

Decade  I,  p.  2,2,,  pi-  9- 
1889— Larva  (brief).     A.  .S.  Olliff.     Austral.  Butterflies,  p.  28. 
Food-plant  :   Loraiithus. 

Catopsilia  pyranthe  Linn. 

1S91 — Larva,   chrysalis   (col'd  figs. ).      G.  Semper.       Reisen  im   Archipel.   der 

PhiUippinen,  Vol.  V,  p.  25S,  pi.  B,  tig.  5. 
Food-plant  :   Cassia  fistula. 

Catopsilia  scylla  Li)in. 

1857 — Larva,  chrysalis   (fig.).      Horsjield   d~    Mojre.      Cat.  Lep.  E.  I.  C,  pi. 

I,  fig.  6,  p.  58. 
Food-plants  :   Various  species  of  Cassia. 

Catopsilia  gorgophone  Bdv. 

188S— Larva,    chrysalis   (col'd   figs.).        G.    F.    Mattheiv.      Trans.    Ent.    Soc. 

Lond.,  pt.  I,  p.   158. 
Food-plant  :    Cassia. 

Danaus  chrysippus  Linn. 

1SS6 — Larva,    chrysalis   (col'd  figs. ).        G.  .Semper.      Reisen   in    Archipel.    der 

Piiillippinen,  Vol.  V,  p.  16. 
18S8— Larva.      /.   6'.  O.   Zi//,';- (quotes  Kirby).     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIII, 

p.  91. 
Food-plant  :  Asclepias. 

Danaus  plexippus. 

1888— Larva.     /.  G.  0.   Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  91. 
Food -pi  ant  :   Milkweed. 
Euploea  corinna  McLeay. 

1890— Chrysalis.      Hy.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  22. 
Food-plant :    Oleander. 


150  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Melanitis  leda  Linn. 

1888 — Life-history.     G.  F.  Matthew.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  I,  p.  137. 
Food-plants  :  Grasses,  Cladium,  etc. 

Epinephele  abeona  Don. 

1S88 — Life-liistory   (col'd  figs.).      G.  F.  Matthew.      Trans.    Ent.   Soc.    Lond., 

pt.  I,  p.  141. 
Food-plant :    Cladinin. 

Acr£ea  andromacha  Fabr. 

1887— Larval  stages  (Excl.    Egg.).      Chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).      G.  F.  Matthew. 

Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  J,  p.  143. 
1888— Larva,  chrysalis  (brief).     A.  S.  Olliff.     Ann.    ]\Lig.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  359. 
1889 — Larva  (brief).      A.  S.   Olliff.     Australian  Butterflies,  p.   13. 
Food-plant  :   FassifforaeecE. 

Pyrameis  kershawi  McCoy. 

1888— Larva  (brief).     /.   G.  O.  Temper.     Card,  and  Field,  Vol.  XIH,  p.  91. 
1890 — Larva,   chrysalis   (col'd  figs.),      f.  J/eCof.      Prod.  Zoology  Vict.,   Dec- 
ade 20,  Vol.  II,  p.  3,  pi.  198. 
1890— Chrysalis,      //y.  Ed'wards.     Vict.  Nat.,  \'ol.  VIII,  p.  150. 
Food-plants  :    Conipositct — Cryptosteiniiion  calandiilacea. 

Pyrameis  itea  Fal>r. 

1SS7 — Life-history   (col'd  figs.).       G.   F.  Matthc7v.     Trans.    Ent.   Soc.  Lond., 

pt.  I,  p.   145. 
1890 — Larva,  chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).    /".  McCoy.     Prod.  Zool.  Vict.,  Decade  20, 

Vol.  II,  p.  361,  pi.  198. 
Food-plant :    Witica. 

Junonia  vellida  Fabr. 

1887 — Larva,     chrysalis    (col'd    figs.).      G.    F.   Mattheio.      Trans.    Ent.    Soc. 

Lond.,  pt.  I,  p.  146. 
Food -plants  :   Batatas. 

Rhinopalpa  sabina  Cram. 

1888 — Larva,    chrysalis    (col'd  figs.).      G.   Semper.      Reisen  im   .Vrchipel.    der 
Phillippinen,  V,  p.  24,  pi.  a,  fig.  7. 

Doleschallia  herrichia  Btttl. 

1 887 — Life-history   (col'd  figs.).      G.    F.   Matthew.     Trans.    Ent.    Soc.    Lond., 
pt.  L  P-  147- 

Hypobolimnas  bolina  Linn. 

1857 — Larva,  chrysalis   (figs.).      /".  Moore.      Cat.    Lep.  Ins.    Mus.   E.  I.  C,  I, 

pi.  V,  fig.  9. 
1873 — Larva,  chrysalis  (figs.).      G.   Semper.     Journ.   Mus.,  Godefifroy,  II,  pi. 

8,  fig.  6  and  7. 
1881 — Larva.     F.  Moore.     Lep.  Ceylon,  I,  p.  58. 
1886 — Chrysalis  (fig. ).     Kingsley  (quotes  Semper).     Trans.   N.   Zeald.   Inst., 

Vol.  XVIII,  p.  203  (as  //.  neritta). 


Dec,  I90I.]  BeUTENMULLER  :     AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  151 

1887 — Life  history.      G.  F.  Maltheiv.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  149. 

1888 — Egg,  larva,  chrysalis.     G.  F.  Matthnv.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  150. 

1888 — Larva,   chrysalis  (col'd   figs.).      G.    Semper.     Reisen  in   Archipel.    der 

Phillippinen,  Vol.  V,  p.  130,  pi.  a,  fig.  9. 
Food-plants  :  Laportia,  Sitfa  rlionibifolia. 

Hypobolimnas  misippus  Linn. 

iSSi — Larva,  chrysalis  (figs.).     F.  Moore.     Lep.  Ceylon,  I,  pi.  XXIX,  fig.  I. 
1888 — Larva,  chrysalis.      G.  Semper  (quotes  Moore).     Reisen  in  Archipel.  der 

Phillippinen,  V,  p.  129. 
Food-plants  :   Portnlaca,  AbntUon,  etc. 

Charaxes  sempronius  Fabr. 

1889— Larva  (fig.).     A.  S.  Olliff.     Australian  Butterflies,  p.  iS. 
Food-plants  :  Acacia  brachiton,  Camphor  tree. 

Mynes  geoffroyi  Gnerin. 

1S74 — Chrysalis  (note  on).       /K  //.  Miskin.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  239. 
Lampides  cnejus  Fabr. 

iSSl — Larva  (col'd  fig.).      F.  Moore.     Lep.  Ins.  Ceylon,  Vol.  I,  pi.  37. 

Lampides  phaseli  Math. 

1SS9 — Larva.      G.  /•'.  Mattlieivs.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  II,  p.  311. 
Food-plant  :   Lcguminosce. 

Lampides  alsulus  H.  Sch. 

1S90 — Larva,  chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).      Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf.,  Vol.  II,  p. 

10,  pi.  12.      (Edit.  Olliff  and  Ford.) 
Food-plant :   Indigofera  aiistralis. 

Lycaena  lulu  Math. 

1889 — Larva,  chrysalis.      G.  F.  Matf/iews.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  II,  p. 

313- 

Food-plant  :  LeguminoscE. 

Lycaena  boetica  Linn. 

1855 — Larva,  chrysalis.      Chenu.      Ency.  Nat.  Hist.  Papillous,  p.  206. 

1S81 — Larva.      F.  Moore.     Lepid.  Ceylon,  Vol.  I,  p.  93. 

18S2 — Larva.     Blackburn.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  31. 

1886 — Larva    (col'd  figs.).      W.  L.  Distant.      Rhoph.    Maylayana,  pi.    20,    p. 

230.     1882-6. 
£890 — Larva,  chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).      Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf.,  Vol.    II,  p. 

10,  pi.  12.      (Edit.  Olliff  &  Ford.) 
Food-plant  :   S7oainsonia,  etc. 

Holochila  absimilis  Feld. 

1890 — Larva,  chry.salis  (col'd  figs.).      Scott.      Austral.  Lepid.  and  Trans.,  Vol. 

11,  p.  9,  pi.  12.    (Edit.  Olliff  &  Ford.) 
Food-plants  :    Wistaria,  J\obinia,  etc. 

Holochila  heathii  Cox. 

18SS — Larval  stages,  chrysalis.      G.  F.  Matt/ieto.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt. 
I,  p.  151- 


152  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [vm.  ix 

Holochila  erinus  Fabr. 

1S90 — Larva,  chrysalis  (coTd  figs.).     Scott.     Austral.  Lepid.  &  Transf. ,  Vol. 
II,  p.  9,  pi.  12.      (Edit.  Ford  &  Olliff.) 

lalmenus  evagoras  Do7t. 

18SS — Larval  stages.      G.  F.  Matthew.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  I,  p.  15  v 
1S89 — Larva,   chrysalis   (note  on).      F.  G.   A.  Barnard,     ^'ict.    Xat.,  Vol.  V. 

p.  168. 
1890— Chrysalis.      Hy.  Fchunrds.     Vict.  Xat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  22. 
Food-plant :  Acacia  dealbata. 

Ogyris  genoveva  He^u. 

1S83 — Larva,  chrysalis   (col'd  figs.).      IV.  H.    Miskiii.       (Quotes  G.   Barnard 

in  lit.)     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  343. 
1889— Larva  (brief).     A.  S.  Olliff.    (Quotes  Miskin.)  Austral.  Butterflies,  p.  24. 
Food- plant:   Loranthus. 

Netrocoryne  repanda  Fcld. 

iSSS — Larva,  chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).     G.  F.  Matthetv.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond., 

pt.  I,  p.  iSl. 
1S90— Larva,   chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).      Austral.   Lep.   and  Transf.,  Vol,   II,  pi. 

14.      (Edit.  Ollift"  &  Ford.) 
Food-plant :   Eugenia. 

Pamphila  phineus  Cr. 

1888— Life  history.     G.  F.  Matt/ic7u.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  I,  p.  179. 
1890 — Larva,  chrysalis  (col'd  figs.).     Austral.   Lepid.   &  Trans.,  Vol.   II,  ])1, 

14      (Edit.  Olliff  &  Ford.) 
Food-plants  :   Various  species  of  palms. 

Pamphila  bambusae  .^foorc. 

1890 — Larva,   chrysalis    (col'd  figs.).      G.    Semper.      Reisen   im    Archipel.    der 
Phillippinen,  Vol.  V,  pi.  13,  fig.  11. 

Apaustus  agraulia  Hew. 

1888— Larva,  chrysalis  (figs.).     A.  S.  Olliff.     Ann.    Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  360. 
Food-plant  :    Conch-grass. 

Trapezites  symmomus  ///'. 

1888— Life-history.      G.  F.  Matthew.       Trans.   Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  I,  p.  183. 
Food-plant :   Cladiinii,  etc. 

Hesperilla  picta  Leach. 

1889 — Life  history  (col'd  figs.).      G.  F.  Matthew.      Trans.   Ent.    Soc.  Lond., 

pt.  I,  p.  185. 
Food-plant  :    Cladiiiin  marisciis. 

Hesperilla  ornata  Leach. 

lSS<S — -Larva,  chrysalis.      G.  F.  Matthew.      Trans.    Ent.  Soc,  Lond.,   pt.  I,  p. 

187. 
Food-plant :      Cladium  inariscus. 


Dec,  1901.]  BeUTENMCLLER  :     AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  153 

HETEROCERA. 
Hemaris  hylus  Linn. 

1S74 — Larva,  (brief).     Boisduval.     Spec.  (Jener.  Lepid.,  p.  377. 
1876 — Larva,  pupa  (ligs.).      A.  G.  Butler.      Revue  Sphingidce,  pK  90. 
Food-plant  :    Gardenia. 

Cizara  ardenia^  Ltidn. 

1822 — Larva,  pupa(cord  tigs.).     J.  IF.  Le-.oin.     N.  Hist.  Lepid.  N.  S.  Wales, 

pi.  2. 
1S74 — Larva,  pupa.     Boisduval.     (Quotes  Lewin. )     Spec.   Gener.   Heter. ,  p. 

149. 
Food-plant :    Grevillea  sericea. 

Daphnis  horsfieldii  Butl. 

1876  — Pupa.      A.  G.  Butler.      Revis.  Sphing. ,  p.  573. 

Daphnis  hypothous  Cr. 

1S74 — I^arva.      Boisduval.      Spec.  Gener.  Meters.,  p.  227. 

18S1 — Larva  (col'd  tigs.).     Horsjidd  &=   Moore.      Cat.  Lep.  E.  L  C.,  pi.  lo, 

tig.  2. 
F"ood-plant  :   Cadamba  jasniinijlora. 

Choerocampa  nessus  Dr. 

1S75  —  Larva.     A.   G.  Butler.      Rev.  Sphing.,  p.  565. 
Food-plant  :   Vam.     Dioscorea. 

Choerocampa  oldenlandiae  Faby. 

1S22 — Larva    pupa  (col'd  tigs. ).     J.  IV.  Lewin.      Nat.  Hist.  Lepid.  Ins.  N.  S. 

Wales,  pi.  3. 
1874 — Larva.     Boisduval.      (Quotes  Lewin).      Spec.  Gener.  Heter.,  p.  243. 
1876 — Larva  (col'd  fig.)     A.  G.  Butler.     Rev.  Sphing.,  p.  559,  pl-  91,  fig-   i- 
Food-plants  :    Cissiis,  Grevillea  sericea,  etc. 

Choerocampa  scrofa  I^oisd. 

1S91  — Pupa.      Ily.  Edioirds.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VIII,  p.   150. 

Choerocampa  pinastrina  Mart. 

1874 — Larva.      Boisduval.      Spec.  Gen.  Heteroc. ,  p.  240  (as  C.  sil/ietensis). 
1876 — Larva,   pupa   (col'd  figs. ).     A.  G.  Butler.      Revis.    Sphing.,  p.  560,  pl. 

XCII,  fig.  8. 
Food-plant  :    Coloeasia. 

Choeracampa  erotus  Cram. 

1 889 — Larva,  pupa.     If.    Tyron.     Rep.    Ins.    and    Fungi    Pests,    (lueensland 

Dept.  AgricuL,  p.  152. 
1891 — Pupa.     //)'.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.,  VIII,  p.  150. 

Food-plant  :    litis. 

Choerocampa  celeria  I^inn. 

1S55 — Larva,  pupa.      C/ienu.     Ency.  Nat.  Hist.  Papillons,  p.  264. 
1S74 — Larva,  pupa.      Boisduval.     Spec.  Gener.  Hetero. ,  p.  239. 
18S8— Larva.     /   G.   O.   Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIIL  p.  127. 


154  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

1893 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  Frencli.     Handbook  Dest.  Ins.  Vict.,  p. 
109,  pi.  XXIX. 

Choerocampa  pallicosta  Walk,  (probably  C.  scrofa  Bd. ). 

1888 — Larva.     J.  G.   O.   Tepper.      Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  127. 

Nephele  didyma  Fabr. 

1876 — Larva   (col'd  figs.).     A.  G.  Buihr.     Rev.    Sphing.,   p.  624,  pi.  91,  fig. 

20  (as  N.  hespera). 

Macrosila  casuarinae  IValk. 

1S75 — Larva  (brief).      Boisduval.     Spec.  Gener.  Iletero.,   p.  I  lo. 
Food-plant  :    Casuariiia. 

Sphinx  eremophilas  Lucas. 

1891 — Larva.      T.  P.  Litcas.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  .S.  W.,  p.  277. 
Food-plant  :   Ercmophila  niilclu'lii. 

Sphinx  marmorata  Lucas. 

1891 — Larva.      T.  P.  Lucas.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  279. 
Food-plant  :   Erciiiopliila  mitchelli. 

Sphinx  roseofasciata  L\^och. 

1890— Larva   (brief).      E.    Mcyrick.     Trans.    N.    Zeald.    Inst.,  Vol.   XXII,  p. 

214  (as  .S".  convolvuli). 
Food- plant  :    Coiivok'ulaccis. 

Coequosa  triangularis  Dot. 

1S74 — Larva  (brief).      Boisduval.      Spec,  (iener.  Hetero.,  p.  10. 
1890 — Larva,  pupa   (col'd  figs.).      Austral.    Lepid.  and  Transf ,  Vol.    II,  p.  6, 
pi.  10.      (Edit.  Olliffand  Ford.) 

Coequosa  australasiee  Don. 

1874 — Larva  (brief).     Boisduval.     Spec.  Gener.  Hetero.,  p.  10. 
1890 — Pupa.     //)'.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  22. 
Food -plant  :   Proteace(C. 

/Egeria  tipuliformis  Linn. 

1873— Larva  (brief).      R.  \V.  Fereday.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol    V,p.  29I. 
1886 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  JMeyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  690. 
Food-plant:   Currant  (in  stems). 

Agarista  glycinse  L.cioin. 

1822 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     /.    //"■.  Lcwiii.     N.  Hist.   Lepid.  Ins.  N.  S. 

Wales,  pi.  I. 
1878 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     F.  McCoy.     Prod.  Zool.  Vict.,  Vol.  I,  Dec. 

l,P-  30- 
1890 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf.,  Vol.  II,  pi.  15- 

(Edit.  Olliff  &  Ford.) 
1890— Young  larva.     LLy.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  23. 
1890 — Larva  (fig.).      C.  French.      Charts  Destruct.  Ins.  Vict. 
1891 — Larval  stages.      LLy.  Edzuards.      Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VIII,  p.   151. 


Dec,  1901.]       Beutenmuller  :    Australian  Lepidoptera.  155 

1893— Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  FrcucJi.     Handbook,  Dest.  Inst.  Vict.,  p. 

loi,  pi.  XXVIII. 
Food-plant :  Grape. 

Agarista  agricola  Don. 

1864 — Larva,  pupa   (col'd  figs.).     Scott.      Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf. ,  p.  25, 

pi.  8. 
Food-plant  :  Grape. 

Agarista  donovani  Bdv. 

1890— Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf.,  Vol.  II,  pi.  15- 
(Ed.  011iff&  Ford.) 

Agarista  contortus  Walk. 

1864 — Larva,  pupa   (col'd  figs  ).     Scott.     Austral.    Lepid.  and  Trans.,  p.   24, 

pi.  8  (as  /4.  casuarhtcc). 
1878 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     F.  McCoy.    Prod.  Zool.  Vict.,  Vol.  I,  p.  29, 

pi.  8. 
1888— Larva.     /.  G.  O.   Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIIl,  p.  141. 
1891 — Pupa.     Hy.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat  ,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  15 1  (as  A.  casuariiue). 
Food-plants  :    Casiianiia,  Loranthus. 

Agarista  tristificus  /////'. 

1878 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      F.  McCoy.      Prod.  Zool.  Vict.,  Vol.  I,  p.  27, 

pi.  8  (as  A.  lewinii). 
1888— Larva.     /.  G.  O.   Tepper.      Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  141. 
1890 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figsj.     Austral.  Lepid.   and  Trans.,  Vol.  II,  jil.  15. 

(Edit.  011iff&  Ford.) 
Food -plant :   Epilobhim  tetragommi. 

Agarista  latinus  Don. 

1S90 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf.,  Vol.  II,  pi.  15. 
(Edit.  011iff&  Ford.) 

Procris  empyrea  Meyr. 

1 888 — Larva,   cocoon    (brief).     E.   Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.   Soc.   N.  S.  \V.,  p. 
927. 

Hydrusa,  sp. 

1S93 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  tigs.).      C.  French.      Handbook,  Dest.  Ins.  Vict.,  p. 
63,  pi.  XXIII. 

Aganais  nesophora  Meyr. 

1888  — Larva,   pupa   (brief).      A.  S.  OlUff.      Ann.    Mag.    Nat.    Hist.,  I,   p.  360 

(as  Hypsa  nesophora). 
Food-plant :     Native  Fig. 

Nyctemera  annulata  Bdv. 

1877 — Larva,  pupa.      F.   JK  Hittlon.     Trans.    N.  Zool.  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  355. 
1890 — Larva.      F..  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  XXII,  p.  2lS. 
1891— Larva.      Hy.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  152. 
Food-plants  :     Various  species  of  Senecio  (N.  Zealand). 


156  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Nyctemera  conica  ll'/iih: 

iS86 — Larva.     E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  761  (as  N.  ainica). 
1888— Larva.     /  G.  O.  Teppcr.     Card,  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  i. 
1891— Pupa.     If)'.   Ed-mrch.     Vict.   Nat.,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  151    (as   N.  arnica). 
Food-plants  :     \'arious  species  of  Senecio. 

Nola  lugens  Walk. 

1S90 — Larva,  cocoon.      Hy.  Edivanis.      Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  23. 
Food-plants  :     Eiualyptus. 

Eutane  terminalis  Walk. 

i8S(3 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  747. 
Food-plant  :      Lichens. 

Eutane  lydia  Don. 

1891— Egg.      Hy.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  152  {a.%  Asiira  lydia). 

Lithosia  replana  Lcidn. 

1S22— Larva,  pupa,   cocoon   (col'dfigs. ).     J:     IV.    Lc7i>iii.      Nat.  Hist.  Lepid. 

Ins.  N.  S.  Wales,  pi.  15. 
1854 — Larva.      E.    Walker.      Cat.  Lepid.  B.  Mus. ,  pt.    II,  p.  507. 
Food-plant :     Lichens. 

Lithosia  bicolora  Bdv. 

1888 — Larva,  pupa.     J.  G.   O.   Tepper.      Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  2. 
Food-plant :     Senecio  hypoleiicns. 

Utetheisa  pulchella  Linn. 

188S— Larva  (brief).     /.   6-.   O.   Tepper.      Gard.  &  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  2. 
Food-plant.      Erectliite.f  aro-i^la. 

Mosoda  anartoides  IFalk. 

1886 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  729. 
Food-plant  :   Lichens. 

Metacrias  erichrysa  Meyr. 

1886 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  750. 
1890— Larva    (^brief).     E.  Meyrick.     Trans.    N.  Zeald.    Inst.,    Vol.    XXII,  p. 

216. 
Food-plant  :   Senecio  bellidioides. 

Ardices  fulvohirta  Walk. 

18S8 — Larva.      J.    G.  O.   Tly^/^;- (quotes  Guest  in  lit.).     Gard.  &  Field,  Vol. 
XIV,  p.  37. 

Spilosoma  obliqua  Bdv. 

1S90— Egg.     Hy.  Ehvards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  24. 

Teara  tristis  White. 

1822 — Larva,  cocoon   (col'd  tigs.).     J.   IV.  Lewin.     Nat.    Hist.    Lepid.    Ins. 

N.  S.  W.,  pi.  8. 
1888 — Larva  and  habits.     /.   G.  O.  Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  25. 
Food-plant :   Pultenea  viliosa. 


Dec,  igoi.]  BeUTENMULLER  :      AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  157 

Aglaosoma  variegata  IFaU-. 

1864— Larva,  pupa  (col'dfigs. ).      ScoU.     Austral.   Lepid.  and  Transf. ,  p.  15, 
pi.  5  (^s  A.  /ai'f/a). 
(Enosanda  boisduvalii  Avrcw. 

iSSS— Larva  and  habits.     /.  C7.  O.   Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  13 

(as  LE.  diiponchelii). 
Food-plant :  Eucalyptus  leucoxylon. 

Cebysa  f elder!  Scott. 

1S64 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      Scott.      Austral.    Lepid.  and  Transf.,  p.  29, 
pi.  9. 
Cebysa  conflicteila  Walk. 

1864 — Larva,  pupa   (col'dfigs.).      Scott.      Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf. ,   p.    29, 
pi.  29  (as  Qi.cina  scottii). 
Apina  callisto  ]V<ilk. 

1SS8— Larva  (brief).     /.   G.   O.   Tcppcr.      Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  13. 

Food-plant  :  Grasses. 
Trichetra  mesomelas  Walk. 

1891— Pupa.     Hy.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  152. 
Orgyia  tricolor  II.-S. 

1S91 — Egg,  larva,  pupa,  cocoon.      Ily.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  152. 

Orgyia  postica  Walk. 

1SS9 — Larva,   pupa.      //.    Tyron.      Insect  and    Fungi   Pests,    Queensl'd  Dept. 

Agricul.,  p.  42. 

Food-plant  :   Apple,  etc. 

Doratifera  chrysochroa  I-eld. 

1S82 — Cocoon.      Dcwitz.      Nova  Acta    Leop. -Carol.    Deutscb.    Akad.    Naturf., 
Vol.  XLIV,  p.  258,  pL  8,  fig.  5. 

Doratifera  casta  Scott. 

1S64 — Larva,   pupa   (col'd    figs.).      Scott.      Austral.    Lepid.    &  Transf.,   p.    18, 
pi.  6. 
Doratifera  lewini  Scott. 

1864 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd    figs.).      Scott,      .\ustral.    Lepid.   &  Transf.,  p.    17, 
pl.  6. 

Doratifera  longerans  White. 

1888 — Larva,  pupa,  cocoon.     J.   O.    Tepper.     Gard.  &  Field,  Vol.  .\IV,  p.  63. 

1888 — Larva  (brief).      C.  C.  Brittlcbank.      Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  V,  p.  II4. 

Food-plant :  Eucalyptus. 
Doratifera  vulnerans  Ltwin. 

1S22 — Larva,  cocoon  (col'dfigs.).     J.    W.  Lew/'/i.      Nat.  Hist.  Lepid.  Ins.  N. 
S.  W.  pl.  4. 

1858-Larva  (cul'd   fig.).      P.  .]/.  Duncan.      Nat.  Libr.,  Vol.  XXXII,  p.  181, 
pl,  22. 

1863 — Larva,  cocoon  (figs.),     y.  G.   JVood.     Nat.  Hist.,  p.  537. 

Food-plant  :   Eucalypttis. 


158  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Pelora  oxieyi  McL. 

1S91 — Larva  (note on),  pupa.      ]V.  Beuteniiiidle}-.      Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.   Hist., 
Vol.  V,  p.  72.  • 

Apoda  infrequens  Scoti. 

1S64 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     Scott.     Austral.  Lepid.  and  Trans.,  p.   20, 

pi.  6. 
Food-plant  :   Scolopia  brcnvnii. 

Mecytha  semicana  Walk. 

1864 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     Scott.     Austral.   Lepid.  and  Trans.,  p.  19, 

pi.  6  (as  Apoda  XyloineW). 
Food -plants  :   Xylomeda  and  Banksia. 

Lithula  omnivora  Fered. 

1S7S — Larva,   case   (figs.).      R.   JF.  Fereday.     Trans.    N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  X, 

p.  260,  pi.  9. 
1890 — Larva,  case  (brief).     E.  Mcyrick.     Trans.  N.   Zeal.  Inst.,  \o\.  XXII, 

p.  212. 
1 891 — Larva.      IV.  Beiiteiimi'dler.      Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  V,  p.  73. 

Orophora  toumatou  Fered. 

1878— Case  (fig.).      Larva.      R.   IV.  Fereday.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.    Inst.,  Vol.  X, 

p.  262. 
Food-plant  :  Discaria  toii/iiatou, 

Clania  lewinii  IVa/k. 

1854 — Pupa,   case  (col'd  figs.).     J.    O.    IVest'wood.     Proc.   Zool.   Soc.  Lond., 

p.  224,  pi.  35. 
1888 — Larval,  case.     J.  G.   0.  Tepper.      Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.   37. 
Food-plant  :    Casuarina. 

Clania  tenuis  Rosoist. 

1891 — Larval  case.      \V.  Beiitenmi'iller.     Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.   Hist.,   Vol.  V, 
P-  73- 
Metura  elongata  Saimd. 

1S54 — Larva,   pupa,   case    (col'd  figs.).     J.    O.    Westwood.      Proc.    Zool.    Soc. 

Lond.,  p.  223,  pi.  35. 
1863 — Larva,  case  (figs.).     J.  G.   Jl'ood.     Nat.  Hist.,  p.  534. 
1879 — Larva,  pupa,  case  (col'd  figs.).     F.  Jl/cCoy.     Prod.   Zool.   Vict.,  Dec. 

4,  P-  43.  Pl-  40- 
1888— Larval  case.     /  G.  O.   Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  38. 
1890 — Larva.     Hy.  Edcoards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  26. 
1893 — Egg,   larva,   pupa   (col'd    figs.).      C.    French.      Handbook,   Dest.    Ins. 

Vict.,  p.  77,  pi.  XXV. 
Plant-food  :  Pinus  insigntts,  orange,  etc. 

Thyridopteryx  hiibneri  IVest. 

1854 — Larva,   pupa,   case   (coPd   figs.).     _/.    O.    IVestwooJ.     Proc.   Zool.   Soc. 
Lend.,  p.  244,  pi.  35. 


Dec,  igoi.]  BeUTENMU[-LER  :     AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  159 

lSS8— Larva,  pupa,  case.    /.  G.  0.  Teppcr.     Card,  and  Field,  Vol.  XI\^  p.  25. 
Food-plant :   EticalyplKS. 

Thyridopteryx  herrichii  West. 

1854 — Pupa,   case   (col'd  figs.).      J.    O.    IVc't'iOood.     Proc.  Zool.  Soc.    Lond. , 

p.  224,  pi.   35. 
1888 — Larva,  pupa,  case.    /.  G.  O.  Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  26. 
1890 — Larva,  case.     Ily.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  V'ol.  VII,  p.  25. 
1891 — Pupa.      W.  Be2iieni/iii//iT  [i\noX.ts  By.   Edwards  in  MS.).     Bull.  Am. 

Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  V,  p.  74. 
Food-plant  :   Eucalyptus. 

Cerura  austral  is  Scott. 

1864 — Larva,  pupa  (col'dfig.).      Scott.     Austral.  Lepid.  &Transf.,  p.  16,  pi.  5. 
Food-plant  :  Scolopia  brozunii. 

Danima  banksiae  Walk. 

1S22 — Larva,  pupa,  cocoon  (col'd    figs.).      J.   W.    Leiviii.      Nat.  Hist.  Lepid. 

Ins.  N.  S.  W.,  pi.  9. 
1850— Larva  (col'd  fig.).     M.  P.  Diuuau.     Nat.   Libr.,  Vol.  XXXII,  p.  164, 

pi.  17. 
lS88~Larva,  pupa,  cocoon.  J.  G.  O.  Tepper.    Card,  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  52. 
Food-plants  :    Banksia,  Grevillia,  etc. 

Hyleora  eucalypti  Dby. 

1S48 — Larva  (col'dfig. ).    E.  Douhleday.     Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  119,  pi.  5. 
1857 — Larva  (fig.).      Cheiiu.      Ency.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  108. 
Food-plant.     Eucalyptus. 

Hyleora  caustopis  Mcyr. 

1888— Larva.    /.  G.  O.   Tepper  (quotes  Guest   in  lit.).     Card,  and  Field,  Vol. 

XIV,  p.  52. 
Food-plant :   Eucalyptus. 

Caligula  eucalypti  Scott. 

1S64 — Larva,  pupa,  cocoon  (col'd  figs.  ).       Scott.     Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf., 

p.  I,  pi.  I. 
1888— Larva,  pupa,  cocoon.    /.  G.  O.  Tepper.   Gard.  and  Field, Vol.  XIV,  p.  63. 
1890 — Voung  larva.     Hy.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  XVII,  p.  24. 
1891— Egg.      W.  Beutenmilllcr.     Bull.  Am.  Mus.   Nat.   Hist.,  Vo\  IV,  p.  74. 
Food-plant :     Eucalyptus. 

Caligula  Helena  White. 

1S88— Larva  (note  on).     /.  G.  0.  Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  63. 
1891— Cocoon.      W.  Beutenmuller.     Bull.    Am.    Mus.   Nat.   Hist.,   Vol.  V,   p. 

74  ( as  Anthercea  helena ) . 
Food-plant :     Eucalyptus. 

Opodiphtera  astrophele  Walk. 

1S90— Larva,    pupa    (col'd    figs.).        Ollijf    6^    Ford.       Austral.     Lepid.    and 
Transf.,  Vol.  II,  pi.  1 3. 


160  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [voi.  lx. 

Caligula  intermedia  Lucas. 

18S9 — -Cocoon.      T.    P.    Lucas.      Proc.    Linn.  Soc.    N.  S.    \V.,  p.  1092  (as /i«- 

ihercEa  iiiteniiedia). 
Food-])lfint  :      LoranlJius. 

Antheraea  janetta  White. 

1891 — Egg.      IV.  BeuteuniulLr.      ISull.    Am.  Mus.    Nat    Hist.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  74. 

Darala  censors  Walk. 

1S91  —Cocoon,   pupa.      /K    Beulciiini'ilUr.      Bull.  Am.    Mus.    Nat.    Hist.,  Vol. 
V,  p.  III. 

Darala  acuta  Walk. 

1891 — Larva,    pupa.      IV.  Bcutcniiiullcr.      Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  V, 
p.  7]. 

Food-plant  :    Eucalyptus  robusta. 

Darala  ocellata  Walk. 

1SS8— Cocoon.     /.   G.   O.   Tcppcr.      Garden  and  Field,  Vol.  XI\',  p.  25. 

Cosmotricha  exposita  Lcunu. 

1S22 — Larva,  cocoon  (col'd  tig.).     J.    II".  Lcwin.      N.    Hist.    Lepid.    Inst.    N. 

S.  W. ,  pi.  7. 
Food-plant :    Casuan'na . 

Chelepteryx  collesii  Gray. 

1864 — Larva,    pupa  (col'd  figs.).      Scott.      Austral.    Lepid.   and  Trans.,  p.  21, 

pi.  7. 
1890 — Larva,  pupa,  cocooon  (col'd  figs.).    F.  J/cCoy.     Prod.  Zool.  \'ict.  Dica., 

20,  p.  359,  pl.  197- 
1890 — Egg,  pupa  (note  on),     //v.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  24. 
Food-plant  :   Eucalyptus. 

Philudoria  australasise  Eabr. 

1822 — Larva,   pupa,  cocoon  (col'd  figs.).     J.    JV.  Lcwin.     Nat.    Hist.    Lepid. 
Ins.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  45  (as  Opsirhiiia  iiasuta). 

Opsirhina  fervens  JValk. 

1890 — Egg,  larva,  pupa,  cocoon.      I/y.  Edwards.     Vict.  Nat.,  \'ol.  \'II,  p.  25. 

Pinara  ignobilis  Walk. 

1879 — Larva,  pupa,   case  (col'd  figs.).     /'.   McCoy.     Prod.   Zool.  Vict.  Dec, 

IV,  p.  45.  pl-  40. 

1888— Life-history.     /.  G.  O.  Tepper.     Card,  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  37. 
1889 — Larva,  case.     //.  Tyron.     Rep.  Ins.  and  Fungi  Pests,  Queensld.   Dept. 

Agricul.,  p.  151  (as  Ento7ncla  iguobilis'). 
Food- plant  :   Psidiuvi  (guava). 

Pinara  obliqua  Walk. 

1891 — Cocoon,   pupa.      W.   Beufeiiiuiiller.      P>ull.    Am.   Mus.    Nat.    Hist.,   \'ol. 

V,  p.  72  (as  Rhinogene  calligainma^. 

Pinara  cana  Walk.  ? 

iSSS — Larva,  cocoon.     J.   G.   O.   7\ppcr.     Card,    and    Field,  ^'ol.  XIV,  p.   13. 


Dec,  igoi.]  BeUTENMULLER  :      AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  161 

Endoxyla  d'urvillei  U.S. 

iSjg — Larva,  pupa,  cocoon    (cord  tigs.).      /'.  McCoy.      Prod.  Zool.  Vict.,  Vol. 

I,  P-  47,  pl-  jO' 
iSgo — Larva,   pupa,  cocoon   (col'd  figs.).      C.  Fretic/i.     Charts  Destruct.  Ins. 

Vict,  (as  E.  acacicc). 
1891 — Pupa.       U\  Bcittfiimullcr.      BulL   Am.  Mus.   Nat.  Hi.st.,  VoL  V  (as  E. 

cine  re  a ) . 

Ptilomacra  senex  Walk. 

iSSS— Larva  (note  on).     /.  G.  O.   Tepper.     Gard.  and  Field,  Vol.  XI\',  p.  52. 

Discophlebia  catocalina  Feld. 

1S91 — Cocoon,   pupa.       //'.    JSciifciniiii/Ier.      Bull.    Am.    Mus.   Nat.    Hist.,  Vol. 
V,  p.  71. 

CEnetus  lignivorus  Lewin. 

1822— Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     /.    //'.  Le7viu.     N.  H.  Lepid.  Ins.  N.  S.  \V., 

pl.  16. 
1858 — Larva     (col'd    figs.).       M.    P.   Diiiunii    (quotes    Lewin).      Nat.  Lihr., 

Vol.  XXXII,  p.  107,  pl.  8. 
1S64 — Larva,   pupa   (col'd  figs.).      Scotf.      Austral.   Lepid.   and  Transf.,   p.  5, 

pl.  2  (as  C".  7'ciiitstii). 
1S73 — Larva.      Scott.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Vol.  I,  p.  29. 
Food-plants  :    Casnanna,  Eiiciihpttis,  Callistejiion,  Dodoiuva,  etc. 

(Enetus  virescens  Dbl. 

1873— Larva.      Scott.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  Vol.  II,  p.  28. 

1879 — Larva   and  habits.      C.    II.    Gosset.     Trans.    N.    Zeal'd  In.st.,  Vol.    XI, 

P-  347- 
1S85— Life-history.     A.  Hoffmann.     Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  Vol.  XLVI,  p.  315. 
1890— Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XXII,  p.  21 1. 
1890— Larva.      F.  Stccl.      Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  IIO. 
Food-plants  :    Olca  apatcla,  Aristotelia  raccmosa  and  Lepto  spernniDi  (in  trunks). 

CEnetus  splendens  Scott. 

1864 — Larva,   pupa   (col'd  figs.).      Scott.     Austral.    Lepid.   and  Transf. ,  p.  6, 

pl.  2. 
1873 — Larva.     Scott.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Vol.  I,  p.  31. 
1889 — Larva  (note  on).    J.  G.  O.  Tcppcr.    Garden  and  Field,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  100. 
Food-plant :    Casiiarina. 

CEnetus  eximius  Scott. 

1S73 — Larva.      Scott.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Vol.  I,  p.  35. 

1890 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     Austral.  Lepid.  and  Transf.,  Vol.  II,  p.  8,  pi. 

II.      (Edit.  011iff&  Ford.) 
Food-plant  :   DoJoncra  angusti/olia. 

CEnetus  scotti  Scott. 

1873 — Larva  (note  on).      Scott  (quotes  Ramsay).      Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  W., 

Vol.  I,  p.  35. 
Food-plants  :  Nettle-tree,  Wistaria. 


162  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Vui.  ix. 

CEnetus  lewinii  JValk. 

1873— Larva.      Scott.     'Irans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Vol.  I,  p.  3I. 
Food-plant :   Castiarina. 

CEnetus  ramsayii  Scott. 

1S73— Larva.      Scott.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  Vol.  I,  p.  32. 
Food-plants  :  Aciiiciia,  Alectryon,  etc. 

Pielus  labyrinthicus  Don. 

1864 — Larva,  pupa  (col' d   figs.).      .SVy/A      Austral.  Lepid.  and' Transf. ,  p.    11, 

pi.  4. 
1889 — Egg  larva,  pupa,  case.     J.  G.  O.  Tcpper.     Garden  and  Field,  Vol.  XI\', 

pp.  100  and  137. 
1889— Larva  (brief).     E.  Mcyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,pp.  11  and  35. 
Food-plant :    Eucalyptus. 

Porina  signata  Walk. 

1873 — Larva,   pupa    (brief).      R.   IV.  E'creday.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  V, 

p.  290  (as  Pielus  viriolaria  (juen.). 
1877 — Larva,  pupa.     F.   W.  Iluttoii.     Trans.   N.    Zeal.   Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  356 

(as  Porina  vaHolaris). 
Food-plants  :  Roots  of  plants. 
Porina  umbraculatus  Gucn. 

1873 — Larva,  pupa  (brief).      R.   IV.  Fereday.     Trans.  N.  Zeald.  List.,  Vol.  V, 

p.  290. 
Food-plant  :   Roots  of  grass  (as  Pielus  uiiibraculatics). 

Abantiades  hyalinata//:-^. 

1889— Larva    (note  on).      F.  Mcyrick.      Proc.    Linn.    Soc.    N.  S.  W.,  p.  II35 

(as  Pielus  hyalinatus^. 
Food-plants  :  Roots  of  grasses. 
Zelotypia  stacyi  Scott. 

1887— Larva,  pupa.      A.    S.    Olliff.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  467. 
1887— Larva  (note  on).     A.  S.  Olliff.     Proc.    Linn.   Soc.    N.   S.   W.,  p.   499 

(var.  sinuosa). 
Food-plants. 
Bombyx?  lewineae  Lew. 

1S22 — Larva,  cocoon  (col'dfigs. ).     J.   IV.  Lewin.      Nat.  Hist.  Lepid.  Ins.  N. 

S.  W.,  pi.  6. 
Food-plant  :   Eucalyptus. 

Agrotis  infusa  Bdv. 

1889 — Life-history.     H.   Tyron.     Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests.     Queensland,  Dept. 
Agricul.,  p.  215. 

Food-plants  :   lucerne,  etc. 
Agrotis  vastator  Scott. 

1873 — Larva.    Scott.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales,  Vol.  I,  p.  41. 
Agrotis  spina  Guen. 

1890 — Larva,  pupa  (col'dfigs).      C.  French.     Charts  Dest.'  Ins.  Vict. 


Dec,  I90I.]       Beutenm Ciller  :    Australian  Lepidoptera.  163 

Prodenia  littoral  is  Bdv. 

1889 — Larva,  pupa.      //.  Tyron.      Rep.  In.s.  &  Fungi    Pes'.s,  (^)ueenslan(l,  Dept. 
AgricuL,  p.  227. 

Heliothis  peltigera  //.   /'. 

1889 — Life-history.      //.    Tyron.      Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests,   Queen.sland,  Uept. 

AgricuL,  p.  1S9. 
1889 — Larva  (note  on).      //.    Tyron.      Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests.      ()ueensland, 

Dept.  AgricuL,  p.  150. 
Food-plants  :   Corn,  Passion-fruit.  , 

Heliothis  armigera  /////'. 

1873 — Larva,  puiia  (brief).      R.    W.  Fereday.      Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  VoL  V, 

p.  291. 
1890— Larva  (fig.  ).      A.  S.   Olliff'.     AgricuL  Gazette,  N.  S.  W.,  VoL  1,  p.  126, 

pl.  3-  '  ' 

1900 — Larva,  pupa  (coLd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Victoria,  Pt. 

Ill,  p.  49,  pL  XL. 

Leucania,  .sp. 

1889 — Life-history.      //.  Jyron.      Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests.      Queensland,  Dept. 
AgricuL,  p.  225. 

Dasypodia  selenophora  Giu-n. 

1879 — Larva,   pupa,  cocoon.      W.  Colenso.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst. ,  Vol.  XI,  p. 
300. 

Thalpochares  coccophaga  Mtyr. 

18S6— Larva.     E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,p.  1035. 

1889 — Larva  (note  on).      H.   Tyron.      Rep.   Ins.   &  Fungi  Pests,  Queensland, 

Dept.  AgricuL,  p.  126. 
Feeds  on  Coccidic 
Othreis  fullonica  Linn. 

1SS5 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      F.  Moore  (c^uotes  N.  S.  Ward).     Trans.  Zool. 
Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  II,  p.  66. 

Argadesa  materna  Linn. 

1SS5 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     F.  ALoore.     Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  II, 

p.  75,  pl.  12,  tig.  4. 
1889 — Larva,  pupa.      //.   Tyron.      Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests,  Queensland,  Dept. 

AgricuL,  p.  102. 
Food -plants:  Orange,  ALonospermnm  glabratiiin,  etc. 

Maenas  salaminia  Cratn. 

1881 — -Larva,  pupa   (brief).      F.  ALoore.     Trans.  Zool.    Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  II,  p. 

72,  pl.  12,  fig.  3  and  6. 
1889 — Larva,  pupa.      //.    Lyf-ofi.      Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi   Pests,  Queensland,  Dept. 

AgiicuL,  p.  102. 
1890 — Larva,  pupa  (coPd  figs).     Austral.  Lepid.   &  Transf. ,  Vol.  II,  ]>.  6,  pl. 

II  (Edit.  Olliff  &  Ford). 
Food-plants  :  Orange,  Sarcopetaluvi,  Alonosperiniun  glabratttm. 


164  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voj.  ix 

Mamestra  composita  Gucn. 

1873 — Larva  pupa.  R.  IV.  Fereday.  Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  V,  p.  291. 
1S87— Larva  (brief).  E.  Meyrick.  Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XIX,  p.  22. 
Food-plants  :  Various  species  of  grasses  and  cereals. 

Mamestra  ewingi. 

ifjoo — Larva  (col'd  fig).      C.  French.       Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Victoria,  Pt.  Ill,  p. 
75,  pi.  XLVI,  fig.  2,  3. 

Hadena  lignifurea  Walk. 

1877 — Larva,  pujia.      /'.    IV.  Hiilton.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  357. 

Plusia  eriosoma  Dbl. 

1)581 — Larva,    jnipa.      IV.    L.    Biiller.     Trans.    N.   Zeal'd   Inst.,  Vol.   XIII,  p. 
238. 

Food-plants  :    Geraniuin,  etc. 
Euple.xia  insignis  Walk.  (?). 

1S77 — Larva.      F.    W.  Ihitton.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  356. 

Food-plants  :    Clematis,  Aristotelia. 
Eucrostis  argocrana  Mey. 

1S88— Larva  (brief).      T.  P.  Lueas.      Vict.  Nat.,  Vol.  V,  p.  26. 

Food-plant :   Flowers  of  asters. 

lodis  illidgei  Lucas. 

1889— Larva  (brief).      T.  P.  Lucas.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  604. 

Food-plant  :  Duboisia  myoporoides. 
lodis  insperata  ]Valk. 

1887— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  897. 

Food-plant :   E.xocarpiis  ctipressiforviis. 
Monoctenia  vinaria  Guen. 

1SS9 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  p.  1206. 

DJchromodes  orectis  Mey. 

1889— Larva.      E.  Meyritk.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1 183. 

Food-plants  :   Myrtacece. 
Prionophora  ruptella  Mey. 

1879 — Larva,  pupa  (note  on).     E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,p.  209^ 

Food-plant  :    Casitarina. 
Thalassodes  pieroides  Walk. 

1 889 — Larva,  pupa.      //.  Tp'oii.      Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests.      Queensland  Dept. 
Agricul.,  p.  155. 

Food-plant  :    Vitis. 

Mnesampelia  privata  Guen. 

1900 — Larva,   pupa    (col'd  figs.).       C.Lvenc/i.      Haiulb.    Dest.    Ins.    Victoria, 
Pt.  Ill,  p.  55,  pi.  XLI. 
Cidaria  deltoidata  JValk. 

1890 — Larva.  E.  Meyrick  (quote  and  Button  in    lit.).     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst. 

Vol.  XXII,  p.  220. 
Food-plants  :    Plantago,  etc. 


Dec,  I90I.]  BeUTENMULLER  :      z\USTRALIAN    LkPIDOPTERA.  165 

Hyberni  i  boreophilaria  Gtien. 

1S77— Larva.      /'■.    W.  IliiUon.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  357. 

Larentia  corcularis  Guen  {?). 

i877_Egg  (brief).      F.    IF.  Htitton.     Tran.s.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  358. 

Larentia  semisignata  Walk. 

1S77— Larva.      F.     \V.    JItitton.       Trans.    N.    Zeal'd   Inst.,    Vol.    I.X,    p.    357. 
Food-plants  :     Riintcx,  etc. 

Anchmis  composita  Guoi. 

1877— Larva.      F.     11'.    Hitlton.     Trans.    N.    Zeal'd    Inst.,    Vol.    IX,    p.    357. 
Food-plants  :    Grasses. 
Hippolyte  rubropunctaria  Dbl. 

1SS4— Larva.      F.  Meytirk.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  60. 
Food-plants  :   Haloragis  nlata. 

Epyaxa  rosaria  Dbl. 

1S86— Egg,    larva,    pupa.      A.    Purdie.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,    Vol.  XVIII, 
p.  20S. 

Asthena  subpurpureata  Walk 

\%-l'j — Larva.      /".    //'.  Ilittton.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  357. 

Food-plant  :    LcptosperDuiiii  ericoides. 
Coremia  robustaria  Walk.  (?). 

1877— Larva  (brief).     F.  IV.  Hutton.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst., Vol.  IX,  p.  358. 

Food-plant :   Leptosptrnmiii  scopariiint. 
Coremia  inamoenaria  Ghch. 

1S77— Egg  (brief).      /:    W.  lliitlon.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  35S. 

Eupithecia  indicataria  Walk.  (?). 

1877— Larva.      F.   W.  Hutton.    Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  35S. 
Food-plant  :    Clematis  indivisa. 

Declana  floccosa  Walk.  (?). 

1877 — Larva,  pupa.      F.  W.  Hutton.       Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst., Vol.  IX,  p.  356. 
F^ood-plant  :  Aristoielia  and  Ulex. 

Lyrcea  alectoraria  Walk. 

1890 — Larva.      F.  JMeyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  In.st.,  Vol.  XXII,  p.  220. 
Food  plant  :   Pitto.poruin  eiigtnioides. 

Lyrcea  hemipteraria  Gucn. 

1890— Larva.      F.  Mcyrick.      Trans.    N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XXII,  p.  220. 

Ceroprepes  almella  Mtyr. 

1878— Larva.      F.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  211. 
F'ood-plant  :    Exocarpus  cuprt'ssi/ojinis. 

Centropseustes  astrapora  Meyr. 

1889— Larva.      F.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.   Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1106. 
Food-plant  :   Melaleuca  i^eiiistifolia. 

Ephestia  interpunctella  lib. 

1878 — Larva  (note  on).      F.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  216. 
Feeds  on  maize  and  other  cereals. 


166  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Ephestia  elutella  IJb. 

1S78 — Larva  (note  on).      /:.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  215. 
Feeds  on  various  donieslic  substances. 

Ephestia  sericaria  Scott. 

1879 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Ahyriik.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  235. 

iiyphantidium  sericarium  Scott. 

1859 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  tigs. ).      Scott.      Proc.  ZooL  Soc.  London,  p.  207,  pL 
61. 

Epicrocis  terebrans  O/Uff. 

1S90  —  Larva,  pupa  (tigs.).      .S'.  A.  Olliff.      Sidney  Mail,  Feb.  22. 
1890 — Larva,  pupa   (figs.).      .S".  A.  Olliff.      Record  Aus.    Mus.,  \"ol.    J,   p.  34, 
pL  2. 

Foad-plants  :   Red  cedar  and  other  plants. 

Achrosea  grisella. 

187S  —  Larva  (note  on).      E.   Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  p.  216. 
Food  :   Bees'    wax. 

Galleria  mellonella  Zm«. 

187S — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  216. 
Feeds  on  wax  in  beediives. 

Schoenobius  imparellus  Mey. 

1878 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  117. 
Food-plant  :   Junctis prismatocarpiis. 

Aphonia  latra  Zell. 

1879 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyriik.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  239. 
Food-plant  :    Xant/iorrkcea  hastilis. 

Conogethes  punctiferalis  Guen. 

1889 — Egg,  larva,  pupa.    H.  Tyroii.     Ins.  and  Fungi  Pests,  Queensland.     Dept. 

Agric,  p.  76. 
Food-plant:  Peach,  dahlia,  corn,  etc.   (in  stems). 

Heliostibes  atychioides  Mey. 

1889— Larva   (fig.).      G.    V.   Hudson.     Trans.    N.  Zeal'd   Inst.,  \'ol.    XXI,  p. 

189,  pi.  8. 
P'ood-plant  :    LeptosperDiuni. 

Scoparia  minusculalis  Walk. 

1S85— Larva.      E.  Meyri-k.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XVII,  p.  83. 
F"ood-plant :   Mosses. 

Mecyna  deprivalis  Walk. 

18S9— Larva.      E.  Meytitk.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst,  Vol.  XXII,  p.  188. 
Food-plant  :  Sophthora. 

Diptychophora  elaina  Mey. 

1883 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      (Quotes  Fereday  in  lit.)     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.  ' 

Vol.  XV,  p.  18. 
Food-plant  :  Mosses. 


Dec,  1901.]  BeUTENMULLER  \     AUSTRALIAN    LePHJOPTERA.  167 

Scenoploca  petraula  AAy. 

18S3 — Larva.      A'.  Meyrick.     Tians.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XV,  p.  10. 
Food-plant  :   Lichens. 

Sceliodes  cordalis  Dbi. 

1S89 — Larva   (brief).      E.     Meyrick.       (Quotes  Hudson   in     lit.)      Trans.    N. 

Zeald.  Inst.,  Vol.  XXI,  p.  187. 
Food-plant  :  Soldiiiiin  aviculare  (in  fruit). 

Caccecia  responsana. 

1891 — Larva  (col'd  figs.).      C.  I-'renc/i.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Vict.,  p.  67,  pi.  5. 

Food-plant:  Apple  (in  fruit). 
Cacoecia  postvittana  ll^aik. 

18S1 — Larva,  Dupa.     E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  503. 

1890— Larva,  pupa.  (([uotes  Meyrick).     Agricul.   Gaz.    N.  S.  \V.,   p.  8, 

Vol.  I. 

Food-plants  :   Correa,  Grevih'ea,  etc. 
Cacoecia  australana  Le-w. 

1822 — Larva,  pupa  (coLd  figs.).     J.   JI'.  Lewin.      N.    Hist.    Lepid.  Ins.  N.  S. 
W.,  pi.  17. 

1881 — Larva.    E.  Meyrick  (quotes  Lewin).    Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  p.  487. 

P'ood-plant  :   Ei)tbothrium  speciocissimufu. 
Tortrix  concordana  Meyr. 

1S81 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  p.  519. 

Food-plant  :   Hihbertia  linearis. 

Tortrix  indigestana  Meyr. 

1881 — Larva  (note  on).     E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.   X.  S.  \V. ,  p.  520. 
Food-plant  :   Hibiicrlia  linearis. 

Tortrix  amaenana  Walk. 

1881— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  p.  511. 
Food-plant  :   Monoctoca  scoparia. 

Eupselia  satrapella  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  p.  221. 

Food-plant  :  Eucalyptus. 
Ereunetis  iuloptera  I\Ieyr. 

18S0— Pupa.      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  261. 

Palieostoma  styphelana  I\[eyr. 

1881 — Larva,  pupa.      /,'.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  423. 
I'ood  jilant  :   Eucahptus. 

Arotrophora  arcuatalis  Walk. 

1881 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  531. 
Food -plant  :    Banksia  serrafa. 

Arotrophora  xythopterana  Meyr. 

1881 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W'.,  p.  536. 
Food -plant  :  Loniatia  silaifolia. 


"168  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Antithesia  phyllanthana  Afeyr. 

1881 — Larva  (note  on).      £.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  642. 

Food-plant  :   PhyllantJnis. 
Palaeobia  anguillana  Mcyr. 

iSSi — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W  ,  p.  663. 

Food-plant  :   Cori-ea  speciosa. 

Palaeobia  hibbertiana  Meyr. 

iSSi — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Miyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p    666, 

Food- plant :   Hibbcrtia  vohibilis. 
Strepsiceros  ejectana  Walk. 

1881— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc,  N.  S.  W.,  p.  682. 

1883 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XV,  p.  63. 

Food-plants  :  Lept'ospenmim ,  and  other  Myrtaceae. 
Strepsiceros  macropetana  Meyr. 

iSSi — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.    S.  W.,  p.  684. 

Food-plant.      Eucalyptus. 

Strepsiceros  fluidana  Mey. 

1881 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  687. 
Food-plant  :    Leplospeniniin. 

Holocola  thalassinana  Meyr. 

1881— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  673. 
Food-plant  :    Leptospermitiu  Icrvi^a/inii. 

Holocola  triangulana  Meyr. 

1881— Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Vol.  V,  p.  706. 
Food-plant  :   Acacia  decurren;. 

Taractrocera  papyria  Bdv. 

188S— Pupa.     /.  O.    Tepper.     Card.  &  Field,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  I16. 
Pood -pi  ant  :  Acceiia. 

Eudemis  botrana  Schiff. 

1S81 — Larva  (note  on),      /s.  APeyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  650. 
1889— Larva    (brief).      H.     Tyron.      Rept.    Ins.   &    Fungi   Pests,    Queensland, 

Dept.   Agricul.,  p.  156. 
Food-plant  :   Grape. 

Carpocapsa  pomonella  Linn. 

1887— Larva  and  habits  (f^g.).    /.  O.  Tepper.     Gard.  &  Field, Vol.  XIII,  p.  Si. 
1889 — Life  history.     H.   73'?w«  (quotes  various  authors).      Rept.  Ins.  and  Fungi 

Pests,  Queensland,  Dept.  Agricul.,  p.  44. 
1890 — Larva,  pupa  (figs).      A.  S.  Olliff.     Agricul.  Gazette  N.  S.  W.,  \'ol.  I, 

p.  6,  pi.  I. 
1890 — Larva,  pupa  (note  on).       F.  C.  Christy.     Vict.  Nat.,  Vol    VI,  p.  164. 
189I — Larva,  pupa  ( col' d  figs).      C.    /''renck.      Ilandb.  Dest.  Ins.  Vict.,  p.  45, 

pi.  2. 
l8gi — -Larva  (fig.).      C.  French.     Charts  Dest.  Ins.  \'ict 
Food-plant:  Apple  (in  fruit). 


Dec.igoi.]  BeUTENMULLER  :     AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  169 

Cacoecia  alopecana  ^fey. 

1SS5— Larva.      E.  Meyriik.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst,  Vol.  XVII,  p.    148. 
Food-plant :   Phyllocladus  a^pinus. 

Caccecia  exessana  IValk. 

18S3 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  15,  p.  49. 

1SS9— Larva  (fig. ).       G.     V.    Hudson.      Tran.s.    N.    Zeal'd    Inst.,    Vol.    XXI, 

p.  190,  pi.  8. 
Food-plants  :    Lepfospermiim^  Panax  athorcum. 

Adoxophyes  conditana  Walk. 

1SS3 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyiick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XV,  p.  41. 
Food-plant  :  Genista. 

Paedisca  privatana  IValk. 

1877 — Larva.      E.    IV.  Hutton.      Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  IX,  p.  358. 
Food-plants  :   Various  shrubs. 

Psedisca  obliquana  IValk. 

1883— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XV,  p.  61. 
Food-plants  :    A'lanex,    Veroniea,  Lonicera,  etc. 

Pyrgotis  plagiatana  Walk. 

1883 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XV,  p.  39. 
Food-plant  :    Oak. 

Semiocosma  platyptera  Rleyr. 

1890 — Larva.       E.    Meyrick  (quotes  Hudson  in  lit.).      Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst., 
Vol.  XXII,  p.  220. 

Food-plant  :   Elicocarptts  dcntatus. 

Tinea  vivipara  Scott. 

1866 — Larva,  case  (fig-).      Scott.     Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Vol.  I,  p.  -^i. 
Feeds  on  woolens,  flannel,  etc. 

Tinea  tapetzella  Linn. 

1857 — Larva,  case.      Chenn.      Ency.  Hist.  Nat.  Papillons,  Vol.  II,  p.  2S9. 

1859— Larva.      //.   T.  Stainton.      Brit.  Butt.  &  Moths,  Vol.  II,  p.  290. 

1859 — Larva.      Humphi eys.     Gener.  Brit.  Moths,  p.  167. 

1864 — Larva,  cocoon.     Jaeger.      Life  N.  Am.  Ins.,  p.  186. 

lS72^Larva,  cocoon  (figs.).      Fignier.     Insect  World,  p.  280. 

1874 — Larva,  cocoon  (figs.).     A.  S.  Packard.      Half-hours  with  Insects,  p.  311. 

1S91 — Larva,  pupa  (figs.).      C.  E'rench.     Charts  Dest.  Ins.  Vict. 

Tinea  cossuna  Lew. 

1S22 — Larva,   pupa   (col'd  figs.).     J.    W.  Lezvin.     N.    Hist. '  Lep.    Ins.   N.  S. 

W.,  pi.  18. 
Feeds  on  decayed  wood. 

Tinea  granella  Linn. 

1900 — -Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Vict.,  Pt.  Ill, 
p.  129,  pi.  LV. 


170  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Tinea  biselliella  Ifwn. 
Tinea  pellionella  Linn. 
Choreutis  bjerkandrella  Thunb. 

1880 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Www.  See.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  216. 

Food-plant  :    Cnicits,  etc. 

Simaethis  sycopola  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Mtynck.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  p.  212. 
Food-plant  :   I'lciis  stipulata. 

Cryptophaga  immaculata  Scoti. 

1S64 — Larva,  pupa   (col'd  figs.).      Scott.     Austral.   Lepid.  Transf.,  p.  9,  pi.  3- 
Food-plant :   Banksia  integrifolia. 

Cryptophaga  rubescens  Lcwin. 

1822 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     J.   W.  Lezvin.      Nat.  Hist.  Lepid.  Ins.  N.  S. 

W.,  pi.  12. 
1S5S — Larva,  pupa.     J.  Duncan    (quotes  Lewin).      Nat.    Libr. ,  Vol.  XXXII, 

p.  121. 
1890 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  35. 
Food -plant  :  Acacia  longi/oHa. 

Cryptophaga  unipunctata  Don. 

1S90 — Larva,  pupa.      //)'.  Ediuards.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  300. 

1890 — Larva,  pupa.      Hv.  Edtvards.      Insect  Life,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  384. 

1891 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Vict.,  pt.  I, 

p.  113,  pi.  XIII. 
Food-plants  :   Apricot,  apple,  plum,  quince,  etc.  (in  branches). 

Cryptophaga  pultenaeae  Leiuin. 

1822 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     J.    IV.  Lnvin.      Nat.  Hist.  Lepid.  Ins.  N.  S. 
W..  pi.  13. 

1858— Larva,  pupa.     J.   Duncan   (quotes  Lewin).      Nat.  Libr.,  Vol.   XXXII, 

p.  121. 
1890 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  39. 
Food -plant  :   Pitltenita  villosa. 

Cryptophaga  delocentra  Meyr. 

1890 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  39. 
Food-plant :    Ceratopetalwn  gwnniiferum. 

Cryptophaga  stochastis  Meyr. 

1890 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  31. 
P'ond-plant  :    Hakea. 

Cryptophaga  hierastis  Meyr. 

1890 — Larva   (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  30. 
Food-plant  :   Hakea. 

Cryptophaga  lurida  Meyr. 

1890 — Larva   (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  37. 
Food-plant :  Eucalyptus  viminalis. 


Dec,  igoi.l  BeUTENMCIJ-ER  :      AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  171 

Cryptophaga  epadelpha  Mtyr. 

1890— Larva  (brief).      K.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  37. 
P'ood-plant  :    Tiistania  conferla. 

Cryptophaga  bipunctata  Scott. 

1S64— Larva,  pupa  (col'tl  figs.).      Scott.     Trans.  Austral.  Lepid.,  p.  9,  pi.  3. 

Cryptophaga  do'erastis  Mcyr. 

1890 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  30. 

Food-plant :   Banksia. 
Cryptophaga  leucodelpha  Meyr. 

1890— Larva  (brief).      Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  35. 

Food-plant  :    Casttarina. 

Cryptophaga  baJteata  Walk. 

1S90— Larva  (brief).     E.  Meyrick.     Trans.    Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  38. 
Food-plant  :   Eucalyptus. 

Cryptophaga  irrorata  Lewin. 

1S22— Larva,  pupa  (col'dfigs. ).     /.    W.  Lewin.     Nat.  Hist.  Lepid.  Lis.  N.  S. 
W.,  pi.  10. 

1858— Larva,  pupa  (figs. ).   /.  Duncan.    Nat.  Libr.,  Vol.  XXXII,  p.  117,  pi.  10. 
1890 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  34. 
Food -plant  :  Trunks  of  Casuarika. 

Cryptophaga  albicosta  Lewin. 

1822 — Larva,  pupa  (col' d  figs. ).       /    IF.  Le7vin.      Nat.    Mist.  Lepid.  Ins.    N. 

S.  W.,  pi.  II. 
1858 — Larva,  pupa.     /.  Duncan.      Nat.  Libr.,  Vol.  XXXII,  p.  119. 
1864— Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      Scott.     Austral.  Lepid.  Trans.,  p.  8,  pi.  3. 
1890— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  },},. 
Food-plants  :   Banskia,  Callicoma,  etc. 

Cryptophaga  strigata  Lewin. 

1S22— Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).     /.    IV.  Lewin.     Nat.  Hist.  Lepid.  Ins.  N.  S. 

W.,  pi.  14. 
1858— Larva,  pupa.     /.  Duncan  (quotes  Lewin).     Nat.  Libr.,  Vol.  XXXII,  p. 

122. 
Food-plant :    Banksia  serrata. 
Cryptophaga  spilonota  Scott. 

1S64 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      E.  Myrick.     Austral.    Lepid.  Trans.,  p.  10, 

pi.  10. 
1890 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.    Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  35. 
Food-plant  :   Banksia  serrata. 

Macrobathra  argonota  .^feyr. 

1885 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  811. 
i'ood  plant  :   .Acacia  myrtifolia. 

Macrobathra  desmotoma  Meyr. 

1885 — Larva,  pupa.      /:'.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  807. 
Food-plant  :  Acacia  decurrens. 


172  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [VoLix. 

Macrobathra  leucopeda  J/n'i: 

18S5 — Larva,  pupa.      7s'.  JMcyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S    W.,  p.  813. 
Food-plant  :  Acacia  discolor. 

Macrobathra  ceraunobola  Meyr. 

18S5 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  p.  819. 
P'ood-jilant  :   Acacia  glaiic  sceiis. 

Macrobathra  rhodospila  Mcyr. 

1885 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  S15. 
Food-plant  :   Acacia  siiaveoliis. 

Macrobathra  myriophthalma  Meyr. 

1885 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  822. 
Food-plant  :  Acacia  piibesccus. 

Macrobathra  alternatella  Meyr. 

1885— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,p.  812. 
Food-plant  :   Polybotlirinni  forinositw . 

Macrobathra  chrysotoxa  Meyr. 

1885 — Larva,  pupa.      /:.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  804. 
Food-plant  :   Acacia  deciirrens. 

Macrobathra  nephelomorpha  Meyr. 

1885 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  821. 
P'ood  plant  :   Acacia  decurrens. 

Macrobathra  porphyrea  Meyr. 

1885 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  820. 
Food-plant  :    Acacia  niyrtifolia. 

Macrobathra  anemodes  Meyr. 

1885 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  820. 
Food-plant  :   Acacia. 

Zonopetala  decisana  Meyr. 

1888 — Larva,  cocoon.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1682. 
Food-plants  :   Lichens. 

CEcophora  scholeea  Meyr. 

1899 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick  (quotes  Hudson  in  lit.).     Trans.  N.   Zeal'd  Inst., 

Vol.  XX n,  p.  200. 

Food  :    Roots  of  trees  ? 

CEcophora  pseudospretella  St. 

1884 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Trans.  N.  Zeal'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  34. 
1886 — Larva  (note  on  K      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  782. 
Feeds  on  furs,  skins,  etc. 

Philobota  bimaculana  Don. 

1888— Larva,   pupa   (brief).      .S".  A.  Olliff.     Ann.    Mag.  Nat.    Hist.,  p.  360. 

Food-plant  :    Eucalyptus. 

Lichenaula  lichenea  Meyr. 

1890 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  49. 
Food-plant:    Lichens. 


Dec,  1901.]        Beutenmuller  :    Australian  Lepidopteka.  173 

Lichenaula  tuberculata  Meyr. 

1890 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  51. 
Food  plant  :    Crcnvca  sa/ignn. 

Lichenaula  undulatella  Walk. 

1890 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  47. 
Food-plant :  Acacia  dccnrrens. 

Lichenaula  choriodes  Meyr. 

1890— Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  p.  50- 
Food-plant:  Lichens. 

Machseritis  sallignes  Meyr. 

1SS6 — Larva,  case.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  768. 
Food- plant :  Lichens. 

Palparia  lambertella  Wing. 

1849 — Larva  (col'dfig.).      IV.  Wing.     Proc.   Zool.  Soc.    Lond.,  Vol.  XVII,  p. 
105,  pi.  XIV. 

Palparia  micrastrella  Meyr. 

1882 — Larva  (note  on).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  434. 
Food- plant  :    Exccarpiis  cupressiformis. 

Palppria  aurata  Meyr. 

1888— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.    Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1681. 
Food-p)lant  :   Ettcalypttis. 

Palparia  uncinella  Meyr. 

1881— Larva,  cocoon.      E.  Meyrick.       Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1681. 
Food-plant  :   Eucalyptus. 

Ocystola  tyranna  Meyr. 

1884 — Larval  case.     E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1069. 
Food-plants  :   Eitcalyphts. 

Ocystola  pyramis  Meyr. 

1884 — Larval  habits.      E.   Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1074. 

Food-plant  :  Eucalyptus. 
Ocystola  callista  Meyr. 

1S84 — Larval  case.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1068. 

Food -pi  ant  :  Eiicahptits. 
Ocystola  hemicalypta  Meyr. 

1S88 — Larval  case.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  1689. 

Food-plant  :    Eucalyptus. 

Heliocausta  serva  Meyr. 

1888— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  16S2. 

Food-plant  :  Eticaly/^tus. 
Heliocausta  incarnatella  Meyr. 

1888— Larva,  pupa  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N,  S.  W.,  p.  1682. 

I'ood -plant  :   Eucalyptus. 


374  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

lieliocausta  eudora  .lAyr. 

lS86 — Larva,  pupa.      Jt.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  .Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  831. 

Food-plant  :  Etualyptus  leucoxylon. 
Heliocausta  paralyrgis  Aleyr. 

18S3 — Larva   (brief).      E.   Meyrick  (quotes  Guest).      Proc.    Linn.    Soc.   N.  S. 
W.,  p.  480. 

Food-plant  :    Eiirnlyphis. 

Heliocausta  hemiteles  Meyr. 

1883 — Larva.      7s'.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  476. 

Food-plant  :  Eucalyptus  lercticornis. 
Heliocausta  elseodes  Mtyr. 

1883 — Larva,  ]uipa  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  p.  475. 

Food-plant  :   Eucalvptm. 
Satrapia  thesaurina  Meyr. 

1885— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  X.  S.  W.,  p.  824. 

Food-plan  t :    Eucalyptus. 

Peltophora  argutella  ZelL 

1884 — Larva  (note  on).      E.    Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  727. 
Food-plant  :    Moitotoca  elliptica. 

Machferitis  calligenes  Meyr. 

18S6— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  768. 

Coeysra  dichroella  Zell. 

1884 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  .Soc.  N.  S.  W. ,  p.  767. 
Qracillaria  linearis  Bull. 

1,^89  — Larva.     E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zenl'd  Inst.,  Vol.  XXI,  p.  148. 

l'"o<>cl-|ilant :   Cariaria  of  various  species. 
Qracillaria  cenopella  Meyr, 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  141. 

I'ood-plant  :    TetrcDithera  ferruginea. 

Qracillaria  tricuneatella  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.     E.  Aleyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  147. 

Food  plant  :    Typha  latifo  ia. 
Qracillaria  c£enotheta  Meyr. 

1S80 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,p.  149. 

Food-plant  :    Telopea  speciosissinia. 
Qracillaria  argyrodesma  Meyr. 

1SS2 — Larva,  jnipa  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,p.  195. 

I'ood-iilant  :    Grevillea  linearis. 

Qracillaria  chionoplecta  Meyr. 

1882 — Larva,  pujja.      E.  Meyick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  196. 

]'V)od-])lant  :   l^hcbaliuni  dentalunii 
Qracillaria  didymella  Meyr. 

1882 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  p.  198. 
Food  plant  :  Acacia  longifolia. 


Dec,  igoi.]  BkUTENMCLLER  :     AUSTRALIAN    LePIDOPTERA.  175 

Qracillaria  ida  J/nv . 

1882 — Larva,  pupa.      R.  Mcvrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  196. 
Food-plants  :     Eucalyptus  piperita. 

Qracillaria  toxomacha  Meyi-. 

1SS2 —Larva,  pup;t.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  p.  198. 
P'ood-plant  :    P/iltt'iKra. 

Qracillaria  alysidota  J/iyr. 

1SS2 — Larva,  pupa  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.   198. 
Food-plant  :   Acacia  iongifo/ia. 

Qracillaria  thalassias  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  p.  159. 
Food-plant  :   Lcptospcrnnini  Iccvii^atuni. 

Qracillaria  caiicella  .SV. 

l88o — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  15  r. 
Food-plant  :   Eucalvptiis. 

Coriscium  ochridorsellum  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.     E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,p.  167. 

Food -plant  :   Phyllanthus  ferdinandi . 
Bucculatrix  eucalypti  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  J\Peyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  \V.,  p.  180. 

Food-plant  :    Eucalyptus. 

Lithocolletis  aglaozona  Meyr. 

1882 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  200. 
Food-plant  :   Deiinodiuvi. 

Phyllocnistis  diaugella  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  17J. 
Food-plant  :    Euphorbia  ipartnauui. 

Erechthias  acontistes  Meyr. 

1880 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.      Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  267. 
Food-plant:   Xa)ithorrhaea  australis  (in  seed-heads). 

Erechthias  mystacinella. 

1891— Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Vict.,  p.  57, 
pi.  III. 

Food-plants:   In  stems  of  apple. 

Stegommata  sulfuratella  Meyr. 

1882 — Larva,  pupa.      E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  201. 

Food-plant  :   Banksia  integrifolia. 
Telecrates  parabolla  Walk. 

1890 — -Larva   (brief).      E.  Meyrick.      Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.,  p.  64. 

Food  plant  :   Cones  of  Banksia. 

Telecrates  laetiorella  JJ'alk. 

1890— Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  .S.  Austr.,  p.  63. 
Food -plant :   Eucalyptus. 


176  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

Uzucha  humeralis  IVn//:. 

1S90 — Larva,  pupa  (brief).     E.  Mc-yric/c.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.,  p.  26. 
Food-plant :   Eucalyptus  bark. 

Tymbophora  peltastis  Meyr. 

1S90 — Larva.      E.  Mjyrick.      Trans.  Roy.  Soc    S.  Austr.,  p.  57. 

Food-plant :  AiiL^ophora  lanceolata. 
Catoryctis  subparallela  Walk. 

1S90 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Mcyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.,  p.  43. 

Food-plant  :    Casitarina. 

Scieropepla  typhicola  Meyr. 

1890 — -Larva.      /:.  Mcyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.,   p.  69. 
(''ood-plant  :    Typlia  angiis/ifolia. 

Lita  solanella  Bdv. 

1879 — Larva.     E.  Meyrick.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  p.  112. 

1889 — Life-history.      H.Tyron.     Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests.      Queensland,  Dept. 

Agricul.,  p.  175. 
1892  — Egg,  larva,  pupa  (figs.).      C.   V.  Riley.     Insect  Life,  Vol.  IV,  p.  239. 
1893 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handbook  Inj.    Ins.  Vict.,   p. 

I47>  pl-  33- 
Food- plant  :   Potato. 

Xylorycta  synaula  Meyr. 

1890 — Larva  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.,  p.  59. 

Food-plants  :  Hakea. 
Xylorycta  strigata  Le-w. 

1890 — Larva.      E.  Meyrick.      Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.,  p.  59. 

Food -plants  :   Banksia,  Lainbcrtia. 

Xylorycta  luteotacte'la  Walk. 

1890 — Larva.      /:'.  Meyrick.      Trans.    Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.,  p.  61. 
Food-plants  :   Banksia  and  other  Proteace(£. 

Eneemia  caminsea  Meyr. 

18SS— Larva  (brief).      .S'.   OlUff.      Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  361. 
Food -plant  :   Eucalyptus. 

Plutella  cruciferarum  Zell. 

1889 — Life-history  (brief).      //.   Tyron.      Rep.  Ins.  &  Fungi  Pests,  Queensland, 

Dept.  Agricul.,  p.  170. 
1893 — Larva,    pupa    (col'd   figs).      C.    French.      Handbook  Inj.  Ins.  Vict.,  p. 

157,  pl-  34- 
Food-plant  :  Cabbage. 

i883— Larva,  pupa.      .S'.  Olliff'.     Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  361. 
Food-plant  :  ^Eli^riceras  fragrans. 
Batrachedra  arenosella  Walk. 

1889— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  XXI,  p.  181. 
Food-plant  :  Junctis. 


Dec,  I90I.]  Dyar  :    Larv.k  OF  Three  Mosquitoes.  177 

Callicotis  crucifera  J/tyr. 

1S89 — Larva.      £.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  XXI,  \,.  170. 
Food -plant :   Ferns. 

Limncecia  phragmitella  St. 

18S0 — Larva.      /•,'.  Afeyruk.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  XXI,  p.  173. 
Food-plant :    Typha  angustifolia. 

Proteodes  carnifex  Butl. 

1884— Larva.      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  7. 
Food-plant  :   Fagits  .uiliindii. 

Nymphortola  galactina  Feld. 

1884— Pupa  (brief).      E.  Meyrick.     Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  6. 
Food-plant :   Myrtits  bicllata. 

Addenda. 
Teia  anartoides  Walk. 

1900 — Life-history  (col'd  figs.).      C.  Freiic/i.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Victoria,  I't. 

Ill,  p.  95,  pi.  XLVIII. 
Food-plant:  Golden  Wattle  {^Acacia pyciian/ha),  and  other  species  of  Acacia. 

Pieris  teutonia  Fain: 

1900 — Larva,  chrysalis  (col'd  figs.  ).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Victoria, 
Pt.  Ill,  p.  loi,  pi.  XLIX. 

Food-plant  :    Capparis  spinosa. 

Zeuzera  eucalypti  Boisd. 

1903 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Victoria,  Pt. 

Ill,  p.  107,  pi.  L. 
Food-plant  :    Acacia  decurrens. 

Antherea  eucalypti  Scott. 

1933  —  Fgg,  larva,  cocoon    (col'd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Vic- 
toria, Pt.  HI,  p.  113,  pi.  LI. 

Food-plant  :   Eucalyptus. 

Danima  banksise  Lcio. 

1903 — Larva,  pupa  (col'd  figs.).      C.  French.      Handb.  Dest.  Ins.  Victoria,  Pt. 

Ill,  p.  121,  pi.  LIII. 
P'cod-plant  :    Honey-suckle  {Banksia'). 


DESCRIPTIONS    OF    THE    LARVAE   OF    THREE 
MOSQUITOES. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyah,   Ph.D. 

(Platk  X,  Figs.  1-3. ) 

The   larYaj   here  described  have  not   been  i)reviously  iUustrated. 
Prof.  J.  B.  Smith  has  written  considerably  on   the  habits  of  the  first 


178  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [voi.  ix. 

one  (see  Howard,  Mosquitoes,  pp.  St,  to  90,  and  P^nt.  News,  XII,  93, 
125,  189,  220  and  254),  but  they  were  at  first  incorrectly  identified  as 
Culex  pungens.  I  am  indebted  to  Prof.  Smith  for  examples  of  the 
larvK.      The  other  species  were  found  and  bred  by  myself. 

Aedes  smithii  Coquillett.      (Plate  X,  Fig.  i.) 

Head  rounded,  pentagonal,  flattened ;  eyes  very  small,  round, 
black  ;  *  mouth  brushes  large,  but  not  long ;  antennae  small,  slender, 
the  tuft  imperceptible,  end  hairs  small  ;  pale  brown,  weakly  but  dis- 
tinctly and  uniformly  colored;  widest  part  of  the  head  just  behind  the 
eyes,  then  gradually  narrowing  to  antennae  ;  colorless,  transparent,  the 
thicker  parts  brownish.  Thorax  quadrate,  a  little  wider  than  long, 
rather  squarely  angled,  the  three  segments  incised  roundedly  and 
equal ;  lateral  hairs  long,  equal,  the  anterior  and  dorsal  ones  very 
small.  Abdomen  slender,  submoniliform,  segments  equal  ;  lateral 
hairs  long  on  all  the  segments,  the  hairs  diminishing  in  number,  but 
not  in  length  posteriorly;  subdorsal  tufts  short,  of  three  or  four  hairs. 
Lateral  comb  of  the  eighth  segment  a  single  row  of  stout  teeth.  Air- 
tube  shorter  than  two  abdominal  segments,  moderate,  narrowed  at  the 
tip,  with  two  rows  of  hairs  on  the  upper  and  two  on  the  lower  aspect. 
Anal  segment  short,  funnel-shaped,  with  two  large  inflated  processes 
as  clear  as  glass,  reaching  as  far  as  the  end  of  the  tube  and  containing 
fine  tracheal  branches  ;  subdorsal,  lateral  and  subventral  tufts  of  long 
hair  terminally;   no  ventral  brush. 

LarvK  from  the  leaves  of  the  pitcher-plant  (^Sarraccuia'),  New 
Jersey. 

Culex  territans  Walker.      (Plate  X,  Fig.  2.) 

Head  large,  flattened,  squarely  rounded,  broad  ;  antennre  large, 
long,  the  tuft  at  the  outer  third  and  well  developed  ;  distinctly  white 
centrally,  blackish  at  base  and  tip,  appearing  banded  ;  eyes  black, 
large,  transverse,  pointed  inwardly;  translucent,  pale  luteous  ;  mouth 
broadly  brown.  In  some  a  shade  or  distinct  black  band  across  vertex 
of  head.  Thorax  short,  wide,  at  maturity  swollen  like  a  thick  ring, 
green  or  greenish  ;  abdomen  slender,  uniform  ;  anal  segment  as  long 
as  the  seventh  abdominal,  with  four  slender  finger-like  processes  ;  dor- 
sal paired  tuft  and  ventral  brush  normal,  long  ;  air-tube  very  long  and 


*  In  some  specimens,  a  brown- black  dotted  shade  extends  from  before  the  eye 
upward  and  backward,  making  the  eye  look  to  be  transverse. 


Dec.iyoi.]        DyaR  :     LiFE-HlSTORV    OF    URANOTiENlA    SaPPHIKINA.       119 

slender,  with  tufts  of  fine  hair.  Abdomen  colorless  or  greenish,  cen- 
tered by  the  dark  alimentary  canal  and  silvery  tracheal  tubes;  hair 
tufts  on  the  sides  gradually  smaller  posteriorly  ;  lateral  comb  of  the 
eighth  abdominal  segment  a  patch  of  fine  spines  about  three  rows 
wide. 

In  a  spring  pool,  a  small  lake  and  a  transient  fresh-water  marsh, 
Heliport,  New  York. 

Culex  confinis  Lynch.      (Plate  X,  Fig.  3.) 

Head  round,  flat,  narrowed  before  ;  eyes  large,  transverse  ;  pale 
brownish,  dark  brown  on  the  vertex  ;  antennae  long,  slender,  uniform, 
the  outer  two-thirds  black,  tuft  at  the  middle,  small,  often  folded  and 
invisible ;  three  end  hairs  and  a  spine ;  mouth  brushes  normal. 
Thorax  moderate,  rounded,  bulbous.  Abdomen  cylindrical,  thick, 
the  segments  only  slightly  bulging,  gradually  a  little  smaller  pos- 
teriorly. Hairs  rather  abundant  in  subequal  tufts,  short,  scarcely  any 
more  than  two-thirds  the  width  of  the  thorax  in  length,  less  visible 
posteriorly.  Air  tube  brown,  subfusiform,  about  three  times  as  long 
as  wide  with  a  double  pecten  below,  normal  ;  side  combs  of  the  eighth 
abdominal  segment  with  a  {&\\  teeth  only,  each  with  a  dentate  plate- 
like base  \  last  segment  longer  than  wide,  brown  ringed  ;  double  dorsal 
tuft  rather  short,  the  ventral  brush  also  short  but  extending  over  nearly 
the  whole  ventral  line  of  the  segment.  Anal  processes  slender,  incon- 
spicuous. 

Found  in  a  muddy  puddle  of  rain  water  by  the  banks  of  the  canal 
near  Cabin  John,  Maryland. 


THE    LIFE-HISTORY   OF    URANOTiENIA 
SAPPHIRINA    O.  S. 

By  Harrison  G.    Dyar,   Ph.D. 

(Plate  XI,  Figs.   1-4.) 

This  mosquito  is  not  common  nor  troublesome.  The  species  is  the 
only  one  of  its  genus  at  present  known  from  North  America.  The 
larvae  occurred  in  a  cold  stream  which  was  formed  into  a  large  pool 
by  a  dam  and  in  a  warm  marshy  pool.  They  occurred  sparingly  dis- 
tributed and  were  not  abundant.     Both  places  were  permanent  bodies 


180  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.          [Voi.  ix. 

of  water  and  contained  aquatic  plants,  Lemna,  Spirogyra,  etc.  The 
water  was  somewhat  stagnant.  The  locality  was  at  Bellport,  on  the 
south  shore  of  Long  Island.  The  eggs  form  a  boat-shaped  mass  float- 
ing on  the  surface  of  the  water,  much  as  in  Culex  pungens,  but  the 
mass  is  smaller,  containing  a  less  number  of  eggs  and  is  less  regularly 
elliptical,  more  angular.  It  floats  less  on  the  surface,  the  middle 
eggs  being  nearly  half  submerged.  The  sculpture  and  color  of  the 
individual  eggs  also  are  different.  The  newly  hatched  larva  at  once 
takes  up  the  usual  feeding  position.  This  is  essentially  as  in  Culex, 
but  the  body  is  held  more  flatly,  more  parallel  to  the  surface,  yet  be- 
low the  surface  film.  Consequently,  though  feeding  as  Culex,  the 
larvffi  resemble  Anopheles  at  a  casual  glance  and  were  several  times  at 
first  mistaken  for  them.  The  larvae  are  fond  of  resting  below  the 
leaves  of  the  Lemna,  where  they  remain  with  the  air  tube  penetrating 
the  surface  film  and  feed,  often  with  a  rotary  motion  of  the  body  on 
the  air  tube  as  an  axis.  Occasionally  they  bend  up  to  feed  at  the  sur- 
face. They  are  not  timid  and  often  a  considerable  commotion  of  the 
water  is  necessary  to  send  them  to  the  bottom.  The  head  may  be 
partly  rotated  on  the  neck,  but  the  habit  is  not  so  completely  devel- 
oped nor  so  frequent  as  in  Anopheles,  which  regularly  feeds  with  the 
head  inverted.  It  has  an  elongate,  dark  brown  head  with  a  contrast- 
ing pale  body,  the  hairs  of  the  anterior  abdominal  segments  markedly 
longer  than  those  of  the  succeeding  ones.  Of  the  local  species  (at 
Bellport),  it  most  suggests  the  species  of  Anopheles,  as  above  noted.  ' 
The  long  anterior  hairs  assist  in  the  deceptive  appearance.  There 
seem  to  be  four  larval  stages,  the  last  three  being  essentially  alike, 
except  for  the  successively  larger  size.  This  is  shown  best  by  the 
head,  as  in  Lepidopterous  larvae.  The  head  gradually  becomes  paler, 
being  black  in  the  young  larva  and  brown  in  the  large  ones.  The 
pupa  resembles  that  of  Culex,  but  is  very  small  and  has  unusually  long 
air  tubes.  The  species  seems  to  breed  continuously  all  summer,  pre- 
ferring warm  stagnant  pools  of  some  size,  containing  Spirogyra.  It 
did  not  occur  in  the  marshes  which  were  well  filled  with  larvae  of 
Culex  sylvestris  and  C.  sollicitans. 

The  figures  of  the  accompanying  plate  were  drawn  by  Mrs.  Perle 
N.  Knopf  from  fresh  specimens  immediately  after  collection.  I  am 
indebted  to  Mr.  D.  W.  Coquillett  for  verifying  my  determination  of 
the  species. 

Egg.      (Fig.  I.) — Erect,  the  micropylar  end  down,  closely  placed, 


Dec,  igoi.]    Dyar  :  LiFE  HisTORY  OF  Uranottenia  Sapphirina.       181 

but  not  appressed,  forming  a  triangular  mass  about  2  mm.  in  di- 
ameter. Egg  elongate  cylindrical,  bluntly  rounded  at  the  large  (mi- 
cropylar)  end,  smooth  without  central  elevation,  tapering  consderably 
to  the  small  end  ;  smooth,  the  terminal  fourth  roughly  granular  with 
large  projecting  granules.  Dark  brown,  shading  to  black  on  the  apical 
fourth. 

Stage  I.  (Fig.  2.) — Head  rounded  elliptical,  flattened,  smooth, 
with  four  coarse,  black  set^  on  the  lower  part  of  the  face  as  in  the 
mature  larva  ;  antennae  long,  divergent,  rather  thick  with  the  middle 
tufts  very  small.  Black,  paler  above  the  mouth  ;  eyes  black  ;  width 
about  .2  mm.  Thorax  short,  wide,  flattened;  abdomen  slender,  seg- 
ments submoniliform,  subequal  ;  anal  segment  twice  as  long  as  wide, 
cylindrical,  weakly  chitinized,  the  four  anal  finger-shaped  processes 
about  half  as  long  as  the  segment  ;  terminal  hairs  in  a  tuft  above  and 
in  a  Jong  brush  below  as  usual.  Air  tube  moderate,  cylindrical, 
slightly  tapering,  blackish  chitinized,  about  four  times  as  long  as  thick. 
Hairs  of  the  thorax  long,  equal ;  those  of  abdominal  segments  i  and 
2  similar ;  of  segment  3  somewhat  shorter  and  then  successively 
shorter,  those  of  segments  7  and  8  only  about  one-third  as  long  as 
those  of  the  first  abdominal,  but  all  similar  hair  tufts,  differing  only  in 
length.  Lateral  combs  of  segment  8  distinct,  but  without  as  strong  a 
plate  as  in  the  adult  larva. 

Stage  II. — Head  about  .3  mm.  wide  ;  at  first  pale  with  a  dark  shade 
above,  but  soon  turning  black.  Hairs  of  the  thorax  and  first  two  ab- 
dominal segments  long,  black  ;  the  rest  of  the  hairs  short  and  stellate 
as  in  the  mature  larva. 

Stage  III. — Width  of  head  about  .4  mm.  Other  characters  as  in 
the  last  stage,  but  the  head  more  blackish. 

Stage  IV.  (Fig.  3.) — Head  ovate,  longer  than  wide,  proportion- 
ately small,  pointed  before,  the  antennae  moderate,  divergent.  All 
brown  black  ;  width  .6  mm.  Thorax  enlarged  laterally,  not  annular, 
flattened  to  the  size  of  the  abdomen  dorso-ventrally.  Abdomen  uni- 
form, tapering  a  little  posteriorly  ;  last  segment  moderate  with  the 
usual  four  anal  fingers.  Eighth  abdominal  segment  bearing  the  air 
tube,  which  is  rather  short,  not  longer  than  two  segments,  widened 
at  the  tip  by  four,  distinct,  flattened  teeth,  as  long  as  the  width  of  the 
tube.  Lateral  comb  a  large  plate  with  a  row  of  stout  teeth  on  the 
posterior  edge.  All  yellowish  subopaque,  the  alimentary  canal  dark, 
edged  by  the  silvery  tracheal    tubes.      Hairs   black,  the  thoracic  ones 


182  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.  [Voi.  ix. 

equal,  long,  those  of  the  first  two  abdominal  segments  also  long  ;  but 
the  rest  very  short  and  inconspicuous,  stellate.  Dorsal  tufts  and  ven- 
tral brush  of  anal  segment  long. 

Pupa.  (Fig.  4.) — Essentially  as  in  Culex.  Thorax  and  cases 
forming  a  large  elliptical  mass,  round  which  the  slender,  distinctly  seg- 
mented abdomen  curves,  bearing  a  pair  of  anal  paddles.  Segments 
dorsally  tufted  with  stellate  hairs  and  some  small  tufts  about  the  eyes 
and  between  the  i)rothoracic  air  tubes.  Tubes  long,  slender,  uniform 
in  width,  not  flared,  but  slightly  bent  in  the  middle,  about  twelve 
times  as  lone:  as  wide. 


NOTES    ON    SOME    SPIDERS   OF   WALCKENAER, 
KOCH,  AND    OTHERS. 

By  Nathan  Banks. 

The  descriptions  of  new  species  in  Walckenaer's  Insectes  Apteres 
fall  into  two  classes  :  descriptions  based  on  specimens,  and  descrip- 
tions based  on  figures.  The  former  class  are  undoubtedly  valid  and  I 
intend  to  accept  them  wherever  I  can  apply  them.  Descriptions  of 
figures,  however,  I  hold,  have  no  claim  on  the  naturalist.  Not  only 
are  they  based  on  figures,  but  the  figures  have  never  been  published. 
Many  of  the  descriptions  are  sufficient  for  identification,  but  most  are 
not.  But  no  matter  how  complete,  they  are  not  descriptions  of  spi- 
ders ;  but  of  figures  of  spiders.  They  rank  with  "  hearsay  evidence." 
I  shall  not  use  them  nor  list  them  ;  I  shall  ignore  them.  The  species 
Walckenaer  described  from  specimens  are  usually  marked  with  an 
"M,"  indicating,  as  he  states,  that  the  specimen  was  in  the  Paris 
Museum.  In  a  few  cases  the  type  was  in  his  own  collection.  In  the 
following  pages  I  have  tried  to  identify  such  species  that  were  de- 
scribed from  the  United  States.  The  second  volume  of  the  "Apteres' ' 
bears  date  of  1837,  it  should  be  as  late  as  1842  since  there  are  refer- 
ences in  it  to  1841. 

A  number  of  species  described  by  C.  L.  Koch  in  "  Die  Arachni- 
den "  from  the  United  States  have  never  been  identified  by  later 
arachnologists.  Most  of  them  can  be  easily  placed  ;  a  few  are  still 
doubtful. 


Dec,  igoi.]  BWRS:      NoTKS    ON    SOME    Sl'lDKRS.  18o 

I  have  added  notes  on  a  few  other  spiders,  principally  on  some  of 
Keyserling's  Attidae,  few  of  which  have  been  noticed  by  current 
writers. 

Species  from  Wai.ckenaer. 
Attus  morsitans  JValc/^.,  I,  p.  432,  1837. 

^V'alckenaer  says  "I  have  described  this  species  after  an  individ- 
ual of  the  collection  of  Bosc."  There  is  no  other  indication  that 
Bosc  had  a  collection,  or  that  Walckenaer  saw  it.  All  the  other  spe- 
cies referred  to  Bosc  are  certainly  based  wholly  on  the  Bosc  MSS.  In 
the  preface  where  Walckenaer  speaks  of  Bosc's  MSS.  he  does  not  say 
a  word  of  any  specimens.  So  I  do  not  believe  that  Walckenaer  ever 
saw  the  spider  which  he  named  Attits  morsitans. 

Attus  milberti  IVa/ck.,  I,  p.  433,  1837. 

Specimen  taken  by  Milbert  in  New  York  ;  it  is  a  synonym  oi Marp- 
tiisa  undata  De  Geer. 

Attus  cunctator  Walck.,  I,  p.  433,  1837. 

Appears  also  to  be  Marptiisa  undata. 
Attus  signatus  Walck.,  I,  p.  434,  1837. 

Type  from  New  York.  Cannot  place  it,  unless  it  is  a  young  speci- 
men of  Pltidippus  rufus  Hentz. 

Lycosa  rabida  JFalck.,  I,  p.  320,  1837. 

This  is  evidently  ^A'cosa  scutulata  Hentz,  and  has  priority. 
Lycosa  avida  Walck.,  I,  p.  322,  1837. 

This  is  plainly  X.xcosa  conununis  Emerton  ;  Z.  sagitta  Hentz  is 
probably  the  same  species. 

Lycosa  mordax  Jl'alck.,  I,  p.  321,  1837. 

Described  from  a  specimen  from  New  York.  Probably  the  young 
of  either  Z.  carolinensis  Hentz  or  of  L.  nii^nnrntris  Emerton.  Abbott's 
figures  doubtless  refer  to  a  difTerent  species,  Z.  lenta  Hentz. 

Lycosa  milberti   Walck.,  I,  p.  336,  1837.- 

Apparently  Z.  carolinensis  Hentz,  and  has  priority  ;  tyi)e  is  from 
New  York. 

Lycosa  sayi  Jl'alck.,  I,  p.  337,  1837. 

.Ajjpears  to  be  the  same  as  the  preceding  in  spite  of  what  Walckenaer 


18-4  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

says.     The  type  is  from  New  York,  and  there  are  not  two  species  of 
this  appearance  in  that  vicinity. 

Lycosa  helluo  Walck.,  I,  p.  337,  1837. 

Plainly  Z.  nidicola  Emerton  [Z.  />aiiiiioh>>ii  Blackwall].  Type  is 
from  New  York.  Z.  riparia  Hentz  is  practically  identical,  but  this 
southern  form  may  prove  to  be  separate  since  it  is  always  more  plainly 
marked.      Trochosa  7ui/ra  Koch  is  the  same  species. 

Lycosa  gulosa  IVa/ck.,  I,  p.  338,  1837. 

Apparently  the  same  as  the  preceding  ;  locality  is  given  as  "  Amer. 
septent." 

Lycosa  tarantula  carolinensis  IJ'alck.,  I,  p.  285,  1837. 

This  is  Z.  atroiinefisis  Hentz,  and  has  place  priority  over  Z. 
milbcrti  and  Z.  sayi.  Lycosa  tareiitiiloides  philadelphiaua  Walck.  is 
based  on  a  figure  found  on  a  plate  in  the  Journ.  Philad.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci.,  II,  pi.  5.      There  is  no  description  in  that  work. 

Linyphia  argyrodes  ]Valck.,  II,  p.  282,  1842. 

According  to  Walckenaer  the  description  is  taken  from  a  specimen 
in  his  collection  that  came  from  either  Guadeloupe  or  Algeria.  It 
certainly  is  not  the  Argyrodes  frigouion  Hentz,  but  appears  to  be 
Argyrodes  nephilcE  Taczanowski  (Hor?e  Soc.  Ent.  Ross.,  IX,  p.  114, 
1872),  and  has  priority. 

Epeira  cauta  W'ahk.,  II,  ]).  35. 

From  New  York.  It  is  indeterminable,  may  be  Epeira  sclopetaria, 
or  E.  domicilionim  young. 

Epeira  benjamina  Walck.,  II,  p.  42. 

The  type  is  from  Martinique  ;  it  is  probably  not  E.  domiciliorum 
to  which  McCook  refers  it. 

Epeira  graduata  Walck.,  II,  p.  48. 

From  New  York.  Appears  to  be  Epeira  insularis  Hentz  without 
any  doubt.  The  male  is  described  from  Abbott's  figures,  and  comes 
first,  so  it  is  the  type. 

Epeira  circulata  Jfd/ck.,  II,  p.  79. 

Walckenaer  says  he  describes  it  from  a  specimen  in  his  collection. 
He  records  it  from  several  Southern  localities.  Apparently  the  young 
of  Z".  Imlaustina  McCook. 


Dec,  igoi.]  Banks:    Notes  on  Somf.  Spiders.  185 

Epeira  jaspidata  Walck.,  II,  p.  59. 

His  description  is  based  on  Abbott's  figures,  so  is  not  of  value, 
but  he  gives  as  a  synonym  Epeira  !^^/[i,''as  of  Leach  (Zool.  Miscell.,  II, 
132).  All  Leach  says  as  regards  locality  is,  "I  suspect  this  gigantic 
Epeira  to  be  a  native  of  North  America."  Leach's  description  and 
figure  are  poor,  but  sufficient,  I  think,  to  indicate  that  he  had  a  large 
Epeira  insularis  Hentz  before  him.  He  figures  the  patellae  dark  only 
at  tip  ;  this  suits  E,  i/isii/aris,  but  not  E.  frifolium.  The  shape  of  the 
body  shows  it  not  to  be  E.  domiciliorum.  Thus,  by  elimination,  it 
must  be  Epeira  insularis  Hentz.     The  species  will  stand  as  follows  : 

Epeira  gigas  Leach. 

E.  gigas 'LY.Kcn,  Zool.  Miscell.,  II,  p.  132,  pi.  109,  1815. 

E.  jaspidata  Walck.,  Apteres,  II,  p.  59,  1842. 

E.  insularis  Hentz,  Jour.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  V,  p.  470,  1850. 

E.  obesa  Hentz,  Jour.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  V,  p.  471,  1850. 

E.  annulipes  Giebel,  Zeitschr.  f.  Ges.  Naturwiss.,  XXXIII,  p.  250, 
1869. 

E.  conspicellaia  (Walck.)  McCook,  Amer.  Spid.,  Ill,  p.  143, 
1893. 

Species  from  C.  L.   Koch. 

Corinna  amoena  Koch,  Die  Arachn.,  IX,  p.  21,  1842. 

This  is  plainly  the  same  as  Hcrpyllus  ornata  Hentz,  and  has  five 
years'  priority. 

Corinna  cingulata  Koch,  Die  Arachn.,  IX,  p.  22,  1842. 

This  is  Keyserling's  Castancira  hivittata,  and,  of  course,  has  prior- 
ity. 

Corinna  tricolor  AW//,  Die  Arachn.,  IX,  p.  24,  1842. 

Appears  to  be  a  species  distinct  from  anything  described  by  later 
authors  ;  I  have  a  form  which  agrees  with  it  from  near  Washington, 
D.  C.  Koch's  descriptions  in  this  genus  are  very  good  for  the  time 
and  far  superior  to  those  of  Hentz  ;  his  figures  are  fully  as  good. 
Walckenaer  (Apt.,  IV,  p.  561)  puts  these  species  in  the  genus  6/^a- 
rassus  f 

Thomisus  luctans  Koch,  Die  Arachn.,  XII,  p.  63,  1845. 

Plainly  Xysticus  quadrilineatus  Keys.,  and,  of  course,  has  priority. 
The  type  comes  from  Pennsylvania. 


186  Journal  Nkw  York  Entomological  Society.       [VoMx. 

Pachygnatha  tristriata  Koch  and  P.  xanthostoma  Kocli. 

These  are  as  McCook  has  them  in  his  Amer.  Spiders,  Vol.  III.  The 
types  are  from  Pennsylvania. 

Dolomedes  scapularis  Kocli,  Die  Arachn.,  XIV,  p.  119,  1848. 

This  is  Hentz's  Z).  sexpunctatiis,  a  young  male;  Hentz's  name 
dates  from  1845.       Type  of  Koch  is  from  Pennsylvania. 

Dolomedes  aerugineus  Koch. 

The  locality  is  given  as  "Amerika, "  so  probably  not  from  the 
United  States.  D.  hinotatus  is  given  as  from  "  Nordamerika."  I 
cannot  now  place  it ;  apparently  not  Hentz's  D.  iirinator  which  also 
has  two  spots  on  the  cephalothorax. 

Trochosa  vafra  Kocli,  Die  Arachn.,  XIV,  p.  135,  1S48. 

This  is  plainly  Lycosa  nidicola  Emerton,  the  L.  hclliio  of  Walck- 
enaer,  1837.      Locality  is  given  as  "  Amerika. " 

Masvia  sulphurea  AV//,  Die  Arachn.,  XIV,  p.  71,  1848. 

This  is  plainly  the  male  of  Wahx  {A/ioka)  mitrafiis  Hentz.  M. 
pallida  Koch  is  the  female  of  the  same  species,  as  Peckham  states. 

Maevia  tibialis  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIV,  p.  78,  1848. 

It  is  Peckham's  Admestina  tibialis,  as  I  have  previously  stated,  and 
has  priority. 

Maevia  aurulenta  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIV,  p.  84,  1848. 

It  is  the  female  of  Iciiis  elegans  Hentz  ;  M.  cristata  Koch  is  the 
male  of  the  same  species  as  stated  by  Peckham. 

Maevia  annulipes  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIV,  p.  80,  1848. 

'This  appears  to  be  Astia  vittafa  Hentz  ;  M.  peucillata  Koch  is  the 
dimorphic  male  {^Attiis  nigcr  Hentz)  of  the  same  species,  as  noted 
by  Peckham. 

Euophrys  amabilis  I\och,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  ]).  215,  1846. 

Not  listed  in  Marx's  "Catalogue."  'The  type  is  from  Pennsyl- 
vania ;   it  appears  to  be  the  young  of  Phidippiis  niftis  Hentz. 

Euophrys  leucophaea  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  216,  1846. 

The  specimen  (  ^  )  comes  from  Pennsylvania  ;  it  appears  to  be 
the  Salticus  borealis  Blackwall,  the  Hasariiis  hoyi  Peckham,  and 
should  now  be  called  Ei-gane  leiicophcea  (Koch). 


Dec,  igoi.]  BaNKS  •,      NOTES    ON    SOME    SpIDERS.  187 

Euophrys  humilis  Kocli,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  217,  1846. 

It  appears  to  be  an  immature  specimen  of  Phidippus  ri/fi/s  Hentz, 
or  some  closely  allied  form. 

Phidippus  auctus  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.    148,    1846. 

This,  in  my  opinion,  is  Phidippus  iusolens  Hentz  ;  Peckham  has 
considered  it  identical  with  Philicus  riiiiafor  Walck. 

Phidippus  testaceus  Kodi,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  160,  1846. 
Plainly  Phidippus  rufus  Hentz. 

Phidippus  electus  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  144,  1846, 
This  is  P.  alhomaculatus  Keyserling,  and  has  priority. 

Phidippus  concinnatus  Kocii,  Die  Arach.,  XIII.,  p.  145,  1846. 
It  is  P.  audax  Hentz. 

Phidippus  dubiosus  and   P.  elegans  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  Xlll,  pp. 
135  and  142,  1846,  are  both  referable  to  /'.  audax  Hentz. 

Phidippus  insigniarius  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  130,  1846. 
It  is  the  male  of  P.  iusoiens  Hentz. 

Phidippus  paludatus  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  149,  1846. 
Is  a  male  of  P.  cardiualis  Hentz. 

Phidippus  personatus  Kocli,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  141,  1846. 

It  is  a  young  P.  audax  Hentz.  Possibly  some  species  referred  to 
P.  audax  were  based  on  P.  uiiuiatus  Peckham,  but  one  cannot  tell 
from  these  figures,  but  few  of  Koch's  specimens  came  from  far  enough 
south  to  be  the  latter  species. 

Phidippus  castrensis  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  141,  1846. 
This  is  a  male  of  P.  rufus  Hentz. 

Phidippus  togatus  Koch,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  ]).  129,  1846. 
This  is  plainly  P.  obscurus  Peckham,  and  has  priority. 

Phidippus  carolinus  Kocii,  Die  Arach.,  XIII,  p.  136,  1846. 

I  cannot  now  place  this  species,  which  appears  to  have  some  afifin- 
it)'  with  P.  variegatus. 


188  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [VoI.  ix. 

Attid/E  of  Keyserling. 

Phidlppus  purpuratus  Keys.,  Verb.    Zool.-Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  1883, 
p.   489. 

The  specimen  from  Maine  must  certainly  be  P.  ai/dax  Hentz. 
The  Utah  si)ecimen  may  be  different. 

Phidippus  albomaculatus  Keys.,  ibid.,  p.  491. 

Appears  to  be  P.  mystacctis  without  doubt. 
Phidippus  ruber  Keys.,  ibid.,  p.  493. 

Peckham  has  considered  this  identical  with  P.  nifiis  Hentz  ;  I 
think  it  is  certainly  P.  cardinalis  Hentz,  or  the  northern  representa- 
tive of  that  species. 

Phidippus  g:racilis  Keys.,  ibid.,  p.  495. 

Appears  to  be  P.  obsciinis  Peck.,  which  is  a  synonym  of  P.  togatiis 
Koch. 

Phidippus  clarus  Keys.,  ibid.,  p.  497. 

Belongs  to  the  P.  nifus  group,  and  I  think  a  true  P.  n/fi/s  Hentz. 
Phidippus  pulcherrimus  Keys.,  ibid.,  p.  492. 

This  is  a  good  species  ;   I  have  it  from  Florida. 
Phidippus  bicolor  Keys.,  ibid.,  p.  496. 

This  is  a  good  species,  and  has  been  lately  redescribed  by  Peck- 
ham  under  the  names  of  P.  arde/is  and  P.  ealifoniinis. 

Wala  albovittata  Keys.,  ibid.,  p.  517. 

This  is  leiiis  palinaniin  Hentz.  The  genus  is,  I  think,  distinct, 
so  that  Anoka  Peckham,  proposed  for  a  congeneric  species,  becomes  a 
synonym  of   Jl'a/a  Keyserling. 

Other  Spiders. 
Ariadne  rubella  Keys.,  Amer.    Spinn.,  Fam.  Pholcid.  Scytod.,  u. 

Dysderida;,  1877,  p.  229. 

This  name  is  omitted  from  Dr.  Mark's  catalogue;  it  is  from  New 
Orleans,  and  is  the  same  as  Hentz's  Ariadne  bieo/or. 

Singa  maculata  Emeiion. 

This  name  is  preoccupied  by  Thorell  in  1875  j  ^  propose  to  call 
it  S.  truncata. 


Dec.igoi.]      BeUTENMCLLER  :     LaRVA    OF    CaTOCAI.A    ILl.KCTA.  189 

Epeira  incestifica  Kns. 

This  is  without  doubt  the  same  as  Epeira  corficaria  Etnerton.  I 
have  seen  co-typical  specimens. 

Epeira  bucardia  McCook. 

Typical  specimens  of  this  species  prove  to  be  Cyrtophoni  californi- 
ensis  Keys.,  an  Epeirid  very  common  on  the  West  Coast. 

Larinia  forata  Keys.,  Die  Spinn.  Amer.,  IV,  p.  295,  1893. 

Type  is  the  same  as  type  of  Larinia  nigrofoliata  Keys.  It  is  an 
Epeira  as  indicated  by  McCook  in  his  plates,  but  not  mentioned  in 
the  text. 


THE  I.ARVA  OF    CATOCALA    ILLECTA. 

By  William  BeutenmCller. 

Head  pale  violet  gray,  lower  part  yellowish  ;  four  black,  vertical 
stripes  on  each  lobe  in  front,  not  reaching  the  top  ;  on  the  triangular 
frontal  piece  is  also  a  black  stripe,  and  one  on  the  sides.  On  top  are 
two  black  spots.  Mouth  part  and  antennae  yellowish,  semitranslucent. 
First  segment  above,  including  the  cervical  shield  orange  ;  the  latter 
with  two  black  dots,  closely  together  in  front  ;  hind  edge  with  black 
spots  and  three  small  ones  on  each  side.  Body  tapering  at  the  ends, 
smooth,  without  lateral  fringes,  and  with  black  and  sordid  white  trans- 
verse bands,  giving  the  larva  a  very  striking  appearance.  Below  the 
spiracles  is  a  broad  white  stripe  narrowing  towards  the  first  and  last 
segments.  On  each  side  of  the  body  along  the  subdorsum  are  two 
orange  spots,  the  anterior  pair  closer  together  than  the  posterior  pair. 
On  each  of  the  second  and  third  segments  is  a  broad,  orange,  transverse 
band.  Along  the  sides  is  a  row  of  orange  red  spots  enclosing  the 
black  spiracles.  On  the  last  segment  all  the  spots  become  confluent. 
Anal  plates  orange  red,  marked  with  a  little  black.  Thoracic  feet 
black,  semitranslucent,  dull  amber  yellow  inside.  Abdominal  legs 
black  outside,  with  a  shining  black  corneous  plate  on  each  ;  pinkish 
inside.  Underside  of  body  with  the  transverse  lines  less  defined  ;  the 
light  ones  pinkish.     Anal  legs  orange.     Length,  50  mm. 

Eood-plaiit :  Honey  locust  (^Gleditschia  iriacaiitlios). 

The  larva  in  the  previous  stage  is  very  similar  to  the  last.  Re- 
ceived from  Mr.  O.  C.  Poling,  Quincy,  Illinois. 


190  Joi'RNAL  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

NOTE    ON    SESIA    SIGMOIDEA. 

Bv  Louis  H.   Joutel. 

The  history  and  food-habits  of  Srs/a  sigmoidra  seem  to  be  im- 
perfectly understood  as  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  in  his  monograph  of  the 
Sesiidse  says  of  this  species,  "  said  to  be  found  on  willow,  but  we  have 
no  definite  knowledge  of  its  breeding  in  this  plant,"  so  that  these  few 
notes  may  be  of  interest. 

Having  need  of  some  willow  leaves  I  brought  home  a  (ew  plants 
of  Sa/i'x  discolor  and  planted  them  in  the  garden.  They  were  infested 
in  part  by  the  imported  Cryptofhynihus  lapathi  which  I  killed.  No- 
ticing some  time  after  that  a  few  of  the  branches  were  dying  they  were 
examined  for  more  weevils,  but  instead  a  Sesia  larva  was  found  at  work 
near  the  ground.  A  closer  examination  of  the  plants  revealed  several 
more  larvse.  These  were  left  at  work  and  examined  from  time  to  time 
to  note  progress.  Late  in  August  the  larvpe  pupated  and  shortly  after 
produced  Sesia  sigmoidca. 


l.t^YLVK    OF    ISOCHyETES     BEUTENMULLERI    ON 
STATEN    ISLAND,    N.    Y. 

By  Louis  H.   Joutel. 

This  beautiful  larva  was  rather  strangely  discovered  on  September 
I,  1901,  while  collecting  with  Mr.  Wm.  T.  Davis  on  Staten  Island. 
We  sat  down  by  the  side  of  a  wood  path  to  eat  lunch,  and  while 
complaining  of  the  lack  of  insects  my  attention  was  attracted  to  a 
bluish  patch  on  the  ground  in  front  of  me.  While  looking  at  it  I 
thought  that  if  1  were  in  Florida  or  Washington  I  would  take  it  (the 
patch)  for  a  larva  of  /.  heutenmiillerioi  which  Dr.  Dyar  had  shown  me 
examples.  Finishing  my  lunch  I  decided  to  examine  it,  and  was  sur- 
prised to  find  that  it  was  the  cast-off  horns  of  that  species.  We  im- 
mediately looked  overhead  and  discovered  several  larvae  still  feeding 
on  the  Qnercus palustris  under  which  we  were  sitting. 

The  recorded  observations  of  this  species  other  than  the  above  are 
as  follows  :  A  single  female  (the  type)  taken  by  Wm.  Beutenmiiller  in 
Florida  in  1887.  Several  larvse  found  by  Dr.  Dyar  near  Washington, 
D.  C,  in  1898  from  which  he  raised  a  male. 


Dec.,i9oi.]  Packard:   A  New  Genus  of  Moths.  191 

A    SELF-DECORATING    GEOMETRID    LARVA. 

By  Louis  H.   Joutel. 

While  collecting  beetles  near  Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  I  noticed  a  little 
mass  of  sand  and  dirt  moving  about.  Not  knowing  what  it  could  be 
I  picked  it  up,  and  in  cleaning  it  1  found  a  small  Cieometrid  larva  ; 
not  suspecting  that  the  larva  had  decorated  itself,  but  that  it  had  been 
emeshed  by  a  spider,  I  put  the  larva  in  a  paper  box,  and  was  sur- 
prised on  opening  the  same  at  night  to  find  that  it  had  bitten  off 
small  pieces  of  paper  and  fastened  them  to  its  body  in  place  of  the 
sand  I  had  taken  off.  I  then  took  off  most  of  the  paper  shreds  and 
placed  it  in  a  tin  with  leaves  and  the  next  morning  it  had  a  fine  coat  of 
green  shreds  on  its  back.  Since  then  it  has  always  added  to  its  orna- 
ments as  they  were  brushed  off  or  lost.  This  habit  is  evidently  a 
means  of  protection  and  an  excellent  one  at  that,  as  no  one  would  ever 
suppose  that  the  small  mass  of  refuse  contained  a  caterpillar. 

A  NEW  GENUS  OF  SPHINGICAMPID  MOTHS 
ALLIED  TO  BUN^A. 

By  a.  S.  Packard. 

This  genus  is  proposed  for  Buncca  pluediisa  (Drury)  and  may  be 
named  LobobuiKxa  in  allusion  to  the  slight  lobe  on  the  inner  angle  of 
the  hind  wings.  This  well  known  species  inhabits  western  and  central 
Africa.  What  other  species  of  Biincea  should  be  associated  with  it 
could  not  be  stated  until  their  venation  has  been  examined.  Un- 
fortunately I  have  only  a  male  for  examination,  but  the  female  is 
represented  as  very  similar  in  form  and  markings.  I  regard  Buncea 
alcynoe  (Stoll)  (/?.  caffra  Huebner)  as  the  type  of  Bit/nea. 

Head  wider  than  in  BuncEa.  Antennje  not  so  wide  as  in  Buncca,  and  the  end 
is  subfiliform,  with  very  short  pectinations  for  a  distance  nearly  equal  to  width  of  the 
entire  antenna  ;  joints  .short  and  thick,  two  pairs  of  pectinations  to  a  joint  and  those 
of  the  distal  pair  are  as  long  as  the  basal  ones.  Palpi  larger  and  longer  than  in 
Butura  and  the  third  joint  reaches  to  the  front,  passing  slightly  beyond  it.  Thorax 
with  a  definite  collar,  the  prothoracic  squamation  being  more  distinct  than  usual. 
Forelegs  long  and  stout,  tibia  of  $  with  a  naked,  probably  odoriferous,  sack,  like  tha 
present  in  certain  Deltoid  moths,  on  the  under  side  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  tibia 
itself,  and  the  scales  separate  from  it,  leaving  it  naked  and  easily  seen  from  beneath. 


192  Joi'RNAL  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 

Forewings  large  and  broad,  costa  straiglit  on  the  basal  half,  but  beyond  much  curved, 
so  that  the  wing  is  falcate  ;  outer  edge  more  deeply  excavated  than  in  Bunaa.  Hind 
wings  much  more  rounded  at  the  apex  and  inner  edge  distinctly  produced  into  a 
rounded  lobe,  which  projects  slightly  inward.  The  hind  wings  do  not  reach  the  end 
of  the  abdomen,  having  nearly  the  same  relative  length  as  in  Bunaa. 

\'enation  :  The  present  genus  differs  remarkably  from  BuncEa  in  Vem  II j  (first 
subcostal),  arising  opposite  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell,  and  within  the  origin  of 
the  common  stalk  of  veins  III,,  IIIj  (or  subcostal  branches  5  and  6).  In  the  hind 
wings  the  discal  cell  is  shorter  and  wider  than  in  Buncea,  and  the  hind  edge  of  the 
wing  is  much  more  elongated,  as  also  vein  VII.  There  are  minor  differences  in  the 
venation,  which  can  only  be  shown  by  figures. 

Markings  :  A  very  small  half  round  transparent  discal  spot  on  the  forewings  ; 
on  those  of  the  hinder  pair  a  very  large  ocellus,  which  is  nearly  opake,  and  larger 
than  in  Bunaa.  The  discal  spots  of  both  wings  are  represented  beneath  by  a  sort 
of  rosette. 


THE    l^P^^^VK    OF    HOMOPTERA    EDUSA. 

By  William  Beutenmullrr. 

Head  rounded,  flat  and  concave  in  front ;  pinkish  and  thickly 
covered  with  whitish  markings  in  form  of  irregular  spots  and  stripes 
which  are  contiguous  ;  on  each  side  in  front  is  a  brown  black,  irreg- 
ular vertical  band,  on  which  are  placed  clusters  of  minute  whitish 
dots  on  top.  Body  color  whitish,  thickly  covered  with  black  and 
fleshy  brown  irrorations,  giving  it  a  dark  gray  appearance.  Along 
each  side  of  the  back  is  a  broad,  irregular  shade  line,  and  another  on 
each  side  along  the  spiracles ;  a  bright  orange  mark  above,  on  the 
junctions  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  segment,  and  a  smaller  one  on  the 
fifth  and  sixth  segments.  The  eleventh  segment  is  elevated,  with  two 
blunt  tubercular-like  processes,  edged  with  pale  ochreous.  Tubercles 
small.  Underside  sordid  white  with  pinkish  dots  and  a  black  patch 
on  each  segment  from  the  first  to  ninth,  thence  continued  as  a  broad 
band  to  the  last  segment.  Thoracic  feet  translucent  white,  marked 
with  pink.  Abdominal  legs  translucent  greenish  white,  dotted  with 
pinkish.  The  body  gradually  becomes  wider  towards  the  last  seg- 
ments.     Length,  55  mm. 

Fcwd plant :  Willow. 

In  general  appearance  this  larva  looks  very  much  like  that  of  a 
Catocala  and  may  be  readily  known  by  the  orange  patches  on  the 
junctions  of  the  fourth,  fifth,  and  fifth  and  sixth  segments. 


Dec.igoi.]       Beutenmui.ler  :    On  LonoisuN.+'.A  Ph.kdisa. 


193 


NOTES   ON  THE   EARLIER  STAGES  OF  LOBOBU- 
NJEA  PH^DUSA. 

By  William  Beutenmuller. 
(Plate  XII.) 

In  connection  with  the  preceding  article  on  page  191  by  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard  the  following  brief  notes  on  the  egg,  larva  and  pupa  of  Lobo- 
buncea  phci'dtisa  may  be  of  interest: 

The  egg  (Fig.  4)  is  finely  and  regularly  reticulated,  and  measures 
3  mm.  in  length  and  2.25  mm.  in  width.  The  color  is  dirty  white 
and  banded  longitudinally  with  brown.  Laid  early  in  May,  in  clusters 
on  the  under  surface  of  a  leaf.  The  fully  grown  larva  (Fig.  5)  is 
robust  with  the  last  segments  somewhat  smaller  than  the  anterior.  In 
life  the  color  is  probably  green  or  yellowish  green  with  the  margins  of 


Lobobunaa  phiedusa.      I,    pupa  ;    2.   last   segment  showing   two   openings ;    3, 
underside  of  last  segment  and  anal  process  ;  4,  eggs. 

the  anal  plates  and  cervical  shield  orange.  The  dorsal  parts  of  each 
segment,  except  the  last,  are  prominently  elevated  with  a  depression 
on  each  elevation.  Along  the  sides  below  the  spiracles  is  a  prominent 
fold,  broken  at  the  junctions  of  the  segments.  The  spiracles  are  large, 
and  the  tubercles  are  very  short  and  inconspicuous.  In  length  it 
measures  about  95  mm. 


194 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  ix. 


The  pupa  (Fig.  i )  is  large  and  robust,  with  a  curved  ridge  on  the 
anterior  part  of  the  thorax.  The  anal  process  (Fig.  3)  is  long,  com- 
pressed at  the  base  above  and  below.  Anal  segment  has  two  oblong 
apertures  above  (Fig.  2). 

The  imago  (Plate  XII)  measures  about  7.75  inches  across  the 
fore  wings.  It  is  of  a  gray-brown  color  with  the  black  eye-like  spot 
on  the  hind  wing  surrounded  with  a  brick  red  and  a  pinkish  white 
ring.  On  the  fore  wing  is  a  small  glass-like  mark  and  another  in  the 
black  eye-spot  on  the  hind  wings. 


5.    Larva  of  Lobolmuica  plutditsa. 

Specimens  of  the  eggs,  larva  (alcoholic),  pupa-cases  and  imagos 
are  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 
These  were  donated  by  Mr.  William  Schaus.  The  figures  were  kindly 
drawn  by  Mr.  L.  H.  Joutel. 


HABITS    OF    EUDiEMONIA    BRACHYURA. 


By  William  Beutenmuller. 

In  a  letter  from  Mr.  A.  J.  Clements,  Sierra  Leone,  Africa,  to  Mr. 
William  Schaus,  the  following  notes  on  the  habits  of  Euiicemonia 
bracJiyiira  were  taken.  "The  food-plant  is  a  tree  which  does  not 
seem  to  attain  any  great  size,  but  this  may  be  for  lack  of  opportunity, 
as  the  bush  on  which  it  occurs  has  been  of  recent  growth.  It  is 
Dialium  i:^iiinee>ise  Willd.,  belonging  to  the  Leguminosae.  The  only 
near  ally  likely  to  be  available  as  a  food  plant  is  Ceratonea  siligica  of 
the  Mediterranean  coast.     The  larvje  feed  gregariously  and  are  of  a 


Dec,  1901.]  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  195 

brownish  green  with  black  spines.  The  eggs  are  laid  on  the  young 
green  stems  at  the  top  of  the  tree,  and  the  pupae  are  found  under  the 
food-tree,  lying  on  the  surface  beneath  leaves.  The  imago  emerges 
in  the  beginning  of  March,  this  being  evidently  their  season  ;  since 
then  a  few  have  emerged  at  intervals,  but  most  of  them  dwarfed.  A 
very  large  percentage  are  stung  by  an  ichneumon." 

Notes  on  the  larvae  of  this  species  and  E.  argiphonfes,  and  figures 
of  the  moths  of  both  species,  were  published  by  me  in  Volume  V, 
p.    166,  and  plates  XI  and  XII  of  this  Journal. 


PROCEEDINGS     OF    THE     NEW    YORK     ENTOMO- 
LOGICAL SOCIETY. 

Meetinc.  of  June  4,   1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  Beutenmiiller 
presiding.     Seven  members  and  one  visitor  present. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  exhibited  a  number  of  Catocala  larvoe  and  called  attention  to 
some  structural  characters  by  means  of  which  the  larvae  may  be  divided  into  three 
groups,  viz.:  i.  With  a  process  or  elevation  on  the  8th  segment.  2.  Without  a  proc- 
ess or  elevation  on  the  8th  segment.  To  the  first  group  belongs  C.  cam,  neogaina, 
amatrix,  grynea,  ultrouia,  paleogama,  innubciis,  paria,  etc.,  and  to  the  second 
group,  C.  consors,  ha^ia,  piatrix,  illegia,  t?tuHercuhi  and  antituynipha.  He  further 
stated  that  the  second  group  could  again  be  divided  into  two  groups,  with  filaments 
or  without  filaments,  along  the  sides  of  the  body.  To  the  latter  group  belong,  C. 
arnica,  Judith  and  habilis.  He  also  states  that  the  shapes  and  markings  of  the  heads 
of  the  different  species  are  very  different,  and  afford  good  specific  characters.  In 
raising  larvae  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  said  that  by  wrapping  a  wet  sponge,  cotton  or  rags 
around  the  stems  of  the  food-plants  the  same  could  be  kept  fresh  for  a  greater  length 
of  time  and  was  preferable  to  the  custom  of  putting  the  stems  in  wet  sand  or  water, 
in  the  latter  case  the  larvte  often  get  drowned,  especially  the  night-feeding  Catocala 
larvce  which  leave  their  food-plants  at  dawn,  to  seek  a  hiding  place  at  the  base  of 
the  plant. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  exhibited  a  small  collection  of  beetles  collected  by  Mr.  .Seifert  in 
Florida. 

Mr.  Watson  showed  some  fresh  specimens  of  Thecla  damon,  and  stated  that  the 
species  was  double  brooded,  the  first  brood  appearing  in  April  and  the  second  in 
July.  He  said  that  the  markings  on  the  underside  of  the  hind  wings  of  the  second 
brood  were  paler  than  those  of  the  first  brood.  Mr.  Watson  also  exhibited  some 
larvae  of  Lycatia  pseudargiolus  and  Melitcea  pliceton  and  said  that  the  latter  feed  very 
readily  on  Plantago  as  well  as  other  plants.  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  remarked  that  he  had 
raised  this  species  on  fern. 

Mr.  Barber  spoke  on  a  scheme  for  recording  exact  localities  of  captures  of  in- 
sects.    After  discussion  the  meeting  adjourned  until  October  1st. 


l'J6  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi. ix. 

Meeting  of  October  i,   1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Vice-President  Kearfott  in 
the  chair.      Eight  members  and  two  visitors  present. 

Mr.  Frank  W.  Holms  was  elected  an  active  member  of  the  Society. 

The  matter  relating  to  the  advisability  of  holding  one  meeting  a  month  wa^  dis- 
cussed, but  no  definite  action  was  taken. 

Mr.  Joutel  recorded  the  capture  of  the  caterpillars  of  Isochatei  heultnniiiUeri  on 
Staten  Island,  N.  V.  (see  ante,  p.  190). 

Mr.  Schaeffer  exhibited  specimens  of  Xylophilus  mehheitneri,  piceus,  taken  by 
him  in  the  Highlands,  N.  J.  He  said  that  these  species  are  generally  rare  in  collec- 
tions, which  is  due  to  the  peculiar  habits  of  the  same.  When  beaten  from  branches 
into  the  umbrella  they  are  difficult  to  detect  amongst  the  rubbish.  They  remain  mo- 
tionless for  a  few  seconds,  and  suddenly  take  flight.  X.  sub/asciatus  and  fasciatus, 
which  were  also  taken,  are  comparatiuely  slow  and  can  be  readily  seen  and  bottled. 
A',  melsheimei'i  was  taken  only  on  hickory,  X.  piceus  on  oak,  X.  fasciatus  and  sub- 
fasciatus  on  dogwood.  The  last  two  species  are  common  and  always  found  in  com- 
pany with  the  Staphylinid,  Palaminiis  tistaceus.  He  also  showed  a  specimen  of 
Cafius  sericeus  taken  at  Highlands,  N.  J.,  this  being  the  first  record  of  its  occurrence 
in  New  Jersey.  The  very  rare  PsammcEcus  desjardinsi,  known  from  the  Madeira 
Islands  and  in  North  America  from  Oregon  to  California,  was  taken  by  him  in  his 
home,  resting  on  a  piece  of  white  cloth.  A  collection  of  local  Cioidae  was  also  exhib- 
ited by  Mr.  Schaeffer.     After  discussion,  adjournment. 

Meeting  of  October  15,  1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  Beutennuiller  in 
the  chair.      Eight  members  and  four  visitors  present. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Joseph  Kittel  was  read,  inviting  the  members  of  the  Society  to 
visit  his  property,  the  "Herbert  Domain,"  in  Tennessee,  which  he  thought  would 
prove  to  be  a  good  collecting  ground.  On  motion,  a  vote  of  thanks  was  extended  to 
Mr.  Kittel. 

The  advisability  of  holding  one  meeting  a  month  was  again  discussed,  but  all 
the  members  present  were  in  favor  of  holding  two  meetings. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  spoke  on  some  Catocala  larvae  which  he  raised  during  the  past 
summer.  He  stated  that  it  was  rather  impossible  to  separate  the  larvae  of  C.  t?iulier- 
ctda  and  C.  badia,  though  the  imagos  are  very  distinct.  He  further  stated  that  the 
larvae  of  C.  badia,  muliercula,  antinympha  and  censors  were  day  feeders,  which  is 
contrary  to  the  habits  of  many  of  the  other  species  of  the  genus,  which  feed  at  night. 
Colored  drawings  of  a  number  of  species,  as  well  as  a  collection  of  Catocalas,  from 
Dr.  William  Barnes,  were  exhibited. 

Mr.  Joutel  spoke  on  a  Geometrid  caterpillar,  which  has  the  peculiar  habit  of  cov- 
ering itself  with  grains  of  sand  or  the  like,  and  suggest  that  this  habit  may  be  a  means 
of  protection  for  the  larva  (see  ante,  p.  191 ). 

Mr.  Schaeffer  recorded  the  capture  of  the  larva  of  Ceratomia  catalpa  at  Lakehurst, 
N.  J.  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  called  attention  to  the  social  habits  of  the  larvse  of  this 
species,  and  stated  that  it  would  undoubtedly  before  long  extend  its  range  northward. 
Dr.  Van  Dyke  said  that  the  larvae  of  Philampeliiis  vitis  in  California  had  similar 
habits  to  catalpa. 


Dec,  I90I.]  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  197 

Mr.  Schaeffer  exhibited  a  specimen  of  Matispa  brnnnea  taken  in  Lakehurst,  N.  J. , 
and  a  specimen  of   Ti achykcle  blondeli  from  P'resno  Co.,  Cal. 

Mr.  Lyon  spoke  on  the  larva  of  Se/atuiria  caryic,  which  is  covered  with  long 
filaments  of  a  waxy  secretion. 

Meeting  of  November  19,   1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Mr.  William  Beutenmiiller,  president,  in  the  chair,  and  fifteen  members  and 
four  visitors  present. 

The  secretary  being  absent  at  the  opening  of  the  meeting,  on  motion  of  Mr. 
joutel  duly  seconded  Mr.  Weeks  was  appointed  secretary //tj  (em. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  approved.  The  secretary  read 
the  name  of  Mr.  J.  R.  de  la  Torre  Bueno  of  No.  437,  Central  Park  West,  proposed  by 
Mr.  Beutenmiiller  as  an  active  member. 

Mr.  Joutel  proposed  Dr.  James  D.  Needham,  of  Lake  Forest  University,  Lake 
Forest,  Illinois,  as  a  corresponding  secretary. 

A  letter  from  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton,  secretary  of  the  council  of  the  Scientific  Alliance 
of  New  York,  addressed  to  the  secretaiy  of  the  Society  was  read  giving  notice  that  in 
pursuance  of  article  7  of  the  constitution  a  total  assessment  of  $200  had  been  levied 
upon  all  the  societies  and  that  the  amount  apportioned  to  the  Entomological  Society 
was  57,  payable  to  Dr.  E.  G.  Love,  treasurer  of  the  Council,  and  that  payment 
might  be  made  in  installments,  if  preferable,  of  $3.50,  one  before  Jan.  I,  1902,  and 
the  other  before  April  i,  1902. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Weeks,  duly  seconded,  the  treasurer  was  authorized  to  pay 
the  sum  of  ;?7,  the  amount  of  the  assessment  due  from  the  Society. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  reported  that  he  had  received  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Slosson 
which  was  accompanied  by  specimens  of  lepidoptera  for  disposal  at  the  annual  auction 
sale  to  be  held  by  the  Society,  and  on  motion  of  Mr.  Weeks,  the  secretary  was  di- 
rected to  express  to  Mrs.  Slosson  the  thanks  of  the  Society  therefor. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  stated  that  at  the  next  meeting  he  would  have  ready  for  in- 
spection by  the  members  the  various  publications  received  as  exchanges  and  that  it 
would  be  necessary  to  appoint  a  committee  to  take  charge  of  the  same  and  also  of 
such  as  might  be  received  hereafter. 

Dr.  Edwin  J.  Van  Dyke,  of  San  Franci.sco,  California,  then  spoke  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  the  evening,  "  Observations  upon  the  Faunal  Regions  of  California  from  the 
standpoint  of  a  Coleopterist."  California  is  some  800  miles  in  length  by  200  in 
width  and  is  naturally  divided  longitudinally  into  three  sections  by  the  Coast  Range 
and  the  Sierra  Nevadas.  The  latter  have  an  altitude  of  some  6,000  to  15,000  feet 
and  form  a  boundary  between  the  arid  lands  of  the  eastern  portion  and  the  greater 
bulk  of  the  two  western  portions.  These  arid  lands  widen  at  the  south  by  reason  of 
the  western  trend  of  the  Sierras  and  here  include  the  valleys  of  Mono,  Owen's  and 
Death  and  portions  of  the  Mojave  and  Colorado  deserts.  The  Coast  Range  practi- 
cally ends  at  Santa  Barbara,  although  the  islands  directly  south  may  have  originally 
formed  a  continuation  before  submergence  of  the  intervening  territory.  The  altitude 
of  this  range  varies  from  1,000  to  10,000  feet,  the  latter  height  chiefly  obtaining  in 
the  north.     This  range  constitutes  the  dividing  line  between  the  narrow  belt  of  coast 


108  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.         [Voi.  ix. 

and  this  great  valley  region,  which  is  enclosed  at  both  the  northern  and  southern  ends 
by  transverse  ranges.  Through  breaks  in  the  Coast  Range,  flow  two  large  rivers  into 
San  Francisco  Bay. 

Chronologically,  the  Sierras  are  older  than  the  Rocky  Mountains,  California  ex- 
isting when  the  Great  Basin  region  was  a  vast  inland  sea.  It  was  also  much  less 
subjected  to  glacial  influences,  thus  permitting  the  survival  of  much  of  the  ancient 
fauna.  Contiguity  to  the  ocean  of  a  land  of  such  great  variation  in  topography 
naturally  causes  much  diversity  of  climate.  Four  distinct  climatic  areas  are  recognized, 
viz.:  the  coast,  interior  valley,  Sierra  or  higher  mountain,  and  desert  or  semi-desert. 
The  climate  of  the  coast  is  tempered  by  the  Japan  current,  and  is  cool  and  even  ;  that 
of  the  valley  (600  miles  in  length)  is  warm  in  summer,  but  without  rain,  and  the  re- 
verse in  winter ;  that  of  the  Sierra  mild  and  dry  in  summer  with  little  rain,  but 
severe  in  winter ;  and  that  of  the  desert  intensely  hot  and  dry  in  summer,  and  dry  and 
mild  or  cold  in  winter,  varying  with  the  altitude.  We  find  Dr.  Merriam's  theory  that 
there  are  traces  of  two  distinct  insect  faunas,  one  derived  from  the  Boreal  and  the 
other  from  the  Sonoran  regions  corroborated  by  the  fact  that  among  the  coleoptera 
identical  or  affiliated  forms  and  species  indigenous  to  the  Boreal  region  occur  more 
frequently  as  wc  go  northward  with  like  result  as  regards  the  Sonoran  as  we  go  south- 
ward, representatives  of  both  faunas  overlapping.  Contributions  from  the  Alaskan 
Maritime  region  also  prevail  along  the  coast  belt,  certain  species  even  occurring  as 
far  south  as  San  Francisco,  but  in  no  case  east  of  the  Coast  Range.  In  the  northern 
elevated  section  between  and  including  the  Coast  Range  and  the  .Sierras  are  found 
representatives  of  the  so-called  Canadian  fauna  and  these  often  follow  the  ranges  even 
to  Lower  California.  It  is  probable  that  among  the  highest  Sierras  could  be  found 
examples  or  affiliated  forms  of  the  Hudsonian,  timber  line  and  Arctic  faunas.  The 
fauna  of  that  portion  of  the  Colorado  desert  within  the  State  lying  east  of  the  San 
Bernardino  Mountains  and  including  the  counties  of  San  Diego,  San  Bernardino  and 
the  southern  part  of  Inyo  is  distinctly  Sonoran. 

Immediately  north  lies  the  subregion  of  the  Sonoran  (so  termed  by  Dr.  Mer- 
riam)  also  known  as  the  subregion  of  the  Great  Basin,  including  the  larger  part  of 
Inyo,  all  of  Mono,  the  larger  portions  of  Modoc  and  Lassen  and  a  small  part  of  Plu- 
mas.     Here  Acmceodei-a,  Asida  and  EUodes  abound. 

The  California  faunal  region  proper  includes  practically  all  the  lowlands  of  the 
State,  the  fertile  valleys  of  southern  California  and  the  extensive  valleys  of  the  San 
Joaquin  and  Sacramento,  the  lesser  valleys  along  the  coast  and  the  foothills  bordering 
them.  The  fauna  prevailing  throughout  these  portions  are  so  affiliated  with  Sonoran 
forms,  particularly  toward  the  south  as  to  warrant  the  designation  of  such  portions  as 
Sonoran  sub-regions,  and  by  the  extension  of  these  forms  into  the  foothills  where 
they  have  interbred  with  Boreal  types  through  a  series  of  ages  genera  characteristic  of 
both  parent  regions  have  been  evolved.  Omus,  Brenmis  (a  cychrid  subgenus), 
Metrius,  Promecognathus,  PUocoma  and  Rosalia  with  others  while  more  or  less  re- 
lated to  anjacent  northern  forms  probably  developed  from  a  rich  circumpolar  fauna 
under  the  influence  of  adaptation  to  environment.  Omus  occurs  rather  generally 
throughout  the  state,  and  Metrius  and  Protnecognathiis  similarly  but  less  frequently  in 
the  moist  timber  belt  of  the  Coast  Range,  although  an  Alpine  variety  of  Metritis  is 
found  in  the  .Sierras,  and  Brenmis  is  confined  to  the  coast.      Many  other  exainjiles 


Dec,  igoi.l  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE    SoClETY.  199 

of  restricted  location  could  be  given.  In  earlier  periods  California  was  more  isolated 
particularly  from  the  Sonoran  region  and  northern  influences  prevailed.  Then  such 
genera  as  Omus  and  Plcocoma  became  first  established.  Subsequently  a  few  southern 
forms  such  as  Coniontis  and  its  congeners  gained  access.  These  constituted  the  old 
California  fauna,  but  when  the  southern  isolation  ceased,  followed  by  the  invasion 
of  Sonoran  forms,  a  new  or  later  fauna  was  developed.  This  theory  is  partially 
supported  by  the  fact  that  in  the  islands  off  the  coast  and  in  certain  still  isolated  areas 
are  faunas  which  are  largely  sui  generis,  and  typical  of  the  old  California  fauna  above 
described.  A  better  knowledge  of  the  hitherto  unexplored  adjacent  regions  is  re 
quired  however  before  a  satisfactory  determination  of  the  origin  of  species  can  be 
reached.  Enough  has  been  said  however  to  demonstrate  of  how  little  value  is  the 
mere  designation  of  material  as  Californian-North  American  would  be  nearly  as  de- 
finite. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Love,  duly  seconded  a  vote  of  thanks  was  extended  to  Dr. 
Van  Dyke  for  his  instructive  and  entertaining  remarks.  Dr.  Van  Dyke,  in  response 
to  questions  from  the  members,  gave  much  valuable  information  relating  to  localities, 
the  distribution  and  character  of  the  native  vegetation,  and  the  occurrence  and  meth- 
ods of  capture  of  lepidoptera  and  coleoptera  derived  from  his  extensive  experience 
in  collecting  in  nearly  every  county  of  the  State. 

On  motion  the  meeting  then  adjourned. 

Meetinc.  of  December  3,   1901. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 

President  Beutenmiiller,  in  the  chair.      Eight  members  and  two  visitors  present. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  read  and  approved. 

Mr.  J-  N.  de  la  Torre  Bueno  was  elected  an  active  member  of  the  Society. 

Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  Oakland,  Calif.,  and  Mr.  H.  C.  Fall,  Pasadena,  Calif., 
were  proposed  for  corresponding  mem.bership  by  Mr.  Schaeffer. 

The  resignation  of  Miss  Valpey  was  read  and  accepted. 

After  discussion  it  was  decided  that  an  auction  sale  of  insects  be  held  on  the 
second  meeting  of  the  Society  in  January,  1902. 

The  publications  received  in  exchange  for  the  Journal  were  exhibited  and  the 
advisability  of  appointing  a  librarian  was  discussed,  but  no  definite  action  was  taken. 

Mr.  Seifert  exhibited  a  beautiful  series  of  Olene  leucophcea  which  he  raised  from 
the  eggs  collected  by  him  in  Florida.  Mr.  Schaeffer  showed  a  series  of  ten  species 
of  Oxyporus  and  stated  that  he  had  on  some  occasion  expressed  his  doubts,  as  to  the 
validity  of  O.  fasciattis,  taking  it  to  be  a  color  variety  of  O.  vittatiis,  but  finding  a 
number  of  specimens  amongst  the  extensive  materials  collected  by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller, 
in  the  Black  Mts.,  N.  C,  which  agree  perfectly  with  the  description  of  O.  inttattis  : 
he  said  that  we  may  have  to  restore  Gravenhorst's  name  cindits  to  the  form,  with  dark 
head,  thorax  and  abdomen,  of  which  O.  fasciatiis  seems  to  be  a  variety.  He  also 
exhibited  two  species  of  Derohrachus  forrcri ,  one  without  locality  and  one  from  thc 
Hy.  Edwards  collection  from  Lower  California,  as  D.  getninatus.  It  is  very  distinct 
from  geminatits,  by  the  much  longer  antenna?,  with  the  joints  comparatively  more 
slender  and  longer,  the  very  approximate  eyes,  the  narrower  neck,  the  spinose  apex 
of  the  elvtra  and  other  characters. 


200  Journal  New  York  Entomolocical  Society.  [Voi.  ix. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  also  exhibited  a  new  species  of  the  Scynutnid  genus  Luphioderes, 
collected  by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  in  North  Carolina  and  hitherto  only  known  from  the 
Pacific  Coast. 

Mr  Watson  recorded  the  abundance  of  Catopsilia  eubiile  in  New  York  City, 
during  the  past  season. 

Mr.  Beutenmiiller  announced  the  death  of  the  well-known  lepidopterist,  Dr. 
Herman  Strecker,  of  Reading,  Pa. 

After  discussion,  adjournment. 


HERMAN   STRECKER,  Ph.D. 

It  is  with  the  deepest  feelings  of  sorrow  that  we  have  to  announce 
the  death  of  the  great  veteran  lepidopterist,  Herman  Strecker,  Ph.D., 
at  his  home  in  Reading,  Pa.,  at  7:40  a.  m.,  November  30,  1901.  He 
was  stricken  with  apoplexy  shortly  after  leaving  his  place  of  business 
on  November  29th  and  lingered  unconscious  until  he  passed  into  the 
great  beyond. 

Dr.  Strecker  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  24,  1836,  and 
received  his  early  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Reading,  Pa., 
which  was  his  home  from  the  time  he  was  eleven  years  old  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  sculptor  by  profession  and  to  this  he  devoted  most 
of  his  days  but  as  a  recreation  he  spent  his  nights  and  holidays  in  the 
collection  of  lepidoptera.  His  collection  is  the  largest,  most  valuable 
and  in  every  way  the  most  remarkable  private  collection  of  lepidoptera 
on  the  American  continent.  Dr.  Strecker  described  several  hundred 
of  new  species  the  types  of  which  are  all  in  his  collection  as  well  as 
many  types  of  species  described  by  other  authors.  His  book  on 
"  Lepidoi)tera,  Rhopaloceres  and  Heteroceres,  Indigenous  and  Exotic, 
1872-1877,"  was  published  under  difficulties.  It  was  illustrated  with 
fifteen  colored  plates.  He  saved  enough  to  buy  a  lithographic  stone 
and  then  drew  and  engraved  upon  it  a  group  of  butterflies  or  moths. 
This  was  sent  to  Philadelphia  and  the  plates  printed  from  it.  In  this 
way  the  stone  travelled  to  and  from  Philadelphia  until  the  plates  were 
all  finished  and  the  book  issued.  Fifteen  parts  and  four  supplements 
have  been  published  of  this  work.  In  consideration  of  his  scientific 
knowledge  Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  some  years  ago,  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  He  leaves  a  widow, 
son  and  daughter. 

W.M.    BEUTENMiJLLER. 


Index  to  Volume  IX. 


Abantiades  hyalinata, 

162 

errans, 

141 

A.stia  vittata, 

186 

Acanthiptera,             134 

,  142 

fill  gens, 

140 

Atherigona, 

135 

Achrosea  grisella, 

166 

leucostoma, 

139 

quadripunctata, 

142 

Acrjea  andromac)ia, 

150 

hiiaris, 

158 

Atomogaster, 

13s 

Acroptena, 

134 

moerens, 

140 

macquartii, 

142 

simonyi, 

142 

occulta. 

138 

Attus  cunctatoi , 

183 

Acyglossa, 

134 

ornata, 

137 

milbertii, 

183 

diversa, 

142 

pertusa. 

137 

morsitans, 

183 

Adia, 

134 

pluvialis, 

142 

'      niger, 

186 

oralis, 

145 

prwpotens, 

139 

signatus, 

'83 

Admestina  tibialis, 

186 

semicinerea, 

138 

Azelia, 

135 

Adoxophyes  conditana. 

169 

sepia, 

136 

macquartii, 

142 

Aedes  smithii, 

177 

triquetra. 

135 

Banks,  N.,  article  by, 

182 

^geria,  genus  of,      134 

145 

varia, 

135 

Batrachedra  arenosella, 

176 

^geria  tipuliformis, 

154 

varicolor, 

135 

Beutenmiiller,  W. ,  arti- 

^thria analis,  sp.  nov.. 

42 

Anthomyza, 

135 

cles  by,    87,    88,   89 

90, 

Agathodes      designalis, 

aculeipes, 

141 

147,  189,  192,  193, 

194, 

larva, 

82 

annosa. 

141 

195 

Aganisthos  odius,  larva. 

78 

ciliatocosta, 

136 

Bainvillia, 

135 

Aganais  nesophora, 

155 

Anthersea  eucalypti, 

177 

palpata. 

144 

Agarista  agricola, 

155 

janetta, 

160 

Bombiloides  jamaicen- 

contortus, 

15s 

Antithesia  phyllanth- 

sis,  sp.  nov., 

40 

donavani, 

155 

ana, 

168 

xanthogastroides,   sp. 

glycinre, 

154 

Aminta,                       135 

145 

nov.. 

40 

latinus, 

155 

Apaustus  agraulia, 

152 

Bombyx  lewineas. 

162 

tristificus, 

155 

Apina  callisto. 

157 

Botanophila  varicolor. 

145 

Aglaosoma  variegata. 

157 

Apoda  infrequens. 

158 

Brachyophyra, 

135 

Alaria  fiorida,  larva. 

90 

Aphodius  longulus, 

94 

effrons, 

142 

Alleostylus, 

135 

Aphonia  latra, 

166 

Brachylabis, 

135 

sudeticus, 

146 

Ariadne  bicolor. 

188 

flaveola. 

145 

Allognota, 

135 

rubella, 

188 

Bucculatrix  eucalypti. 

175 

agromyzella, 

142 

Arctia  intermedia,  larva 

25 

Bunsea  alcynoe, 

191 

Anchmis  composita, 

165 

Ardices  fulvohirta, 

156 

caffra. 

191 

Andrena  bicolor,  habits 

Argadesa  materna, 

163 

Caccecia  alopecana, 

169 

of, 

38 

ArgyraMdes  vespina,  sp. 

australana, 

167 

bipunctata, 

133 

nov.. 

42 

excessana, 

169 

carlini. 

^33 

Argyrodes  nephila.', 

184 

postvittana, 

167 

dunningi, 

^33 

trigonum, 

184 

responsana. 

167 

hippotes, 

133 

Aricia, 

135 

Caligula  eucalypti. 

159 

placida. 

^33 

albescens.               137, 

138 

intermedia. 

160 

viola,  habits  of, 

37 

albitarsis, 

136 

Callicotis  crucifera, 

177 

vicina,                       37, 

^33 

hirtela. 

141  1 

Caloryctis  subparallela, 

176 

Anoka, 

188 

impuncta, 

144 

Caricea  trigrina,        135, 

142 

Anthomyia, 

135 

lacteipennis. 

136 

Carpocapsa  pomonella. 

168 

alma, 

139 

macquartii, 

135, 

Cassida  nebulosa, 

94 

allotalla. 

135 

surda. 

139 

Castaneira  bivittata. 

185 

apicalis. 

138 

trollii, 

136 

Catocala  arnica. 

195 

cunctans, 

138 

Arotrophora  arcuatalis, 

167 

amatrix. 

195 

crassirostris, 

139 

xythopterana, 

167 

antinympha, 

195 

dissecta. 

137 

Aspilia  allotalla, 

145 

badia,                        195, 

197 

erratica. 

140 

Asthena  subpurpureata. 

165 

cara, 

195 

202 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 


consors, 

195 

grynea, 

195 

habilis, 

195 

illecta, 

189 

innubens, 

195 

Judith, 

195 

muliercula,            195, 

197 

mariana, 

94 

neogama, 

195 

paleogama, 

195 

parta, 

195 

ultronia, 

195 

Catopsilia  gorgonophe, 

149 

pyranthe. 

149 

scylla, 

149 

Caudell,    A.    X.,    articl 

e 

by, 

I 

Cebysa  conflictella, 

157 

felderi, 

157 

Centrocero, 

135 

decipiens, 

142 

Centropseustes  astropora 

'16s 

Ceramedia     cuprea,     sp 

nov., 

42 

Ceratomia  catalpa, 

196 

amyntor, 

88 

Cerophytum  pulsator, 

94 

Ceroprepes  almella, 

165 

Ceruia  australis, 

159 

Chalia  tristis,  sp.  nov., 

45 

vigasi,  sp.  nov., 

45 

Charadrella, 

136 

macrosoma, 

142 

Charaxes  sempronius, 

151 

Chelepteryx  collesii. 

160 

Chelesia, 

136 

monilis, 

142 

Chiastocheta, 

136 

trollei, 

142 

Chirosia, 

136 

albitarsis, 

142 

montana, 

141 

Chcerocampa  eiotus, 

153 

celeria. 

153 

nessus, 

153 

oldenlandise, 

153 

pallicosta, 

154 

pinastrina, 

153 

scrofa, 

153 

Chloe, 

136 

Chortophila, 

136 

angusta, 

141 

cnesia, 

141 

floccosa, 

137 

lasiophthalma, 

138 

sepia, 

145 

Choreutis  bjerkandrella, 

170 

Choristomma,  136 

pokornyi,  143 

Cibyra  brunnea,  sp.  nov. ,  77 
dorita,  sp.  nov.,  76 

dormita,  sp.  nov.,  77 

poltrona,  sp.  nov.,  77 

Cicindela  longilabris,  27 

limbalis,  28 

repanda,  28 

vulgaris,  28 

Cidaria  deltoidata,  164 

Cimbotoma,  1 36 

floricola,  143 

Cinochira,  136 

atra,  143 

Clania  lewinii,  158 

tenuis,  158 

Cockerell,    T.    D.    A., 

article  by,  132 

Coelomyia,  136 

mollissima,  143 

Ccenosia,  136 

albicornis,  138 

agromyzella,  135 

decipiens,  135 

dubia,  137 

geniculata,  143 

monilis,  136 

sexmaculata,  136 

Cn'quosa  australasi?e,  154 

triangularis,  154 

Coeysra  dichroella,  174 

Colletes  carlini,  133 
compacta,  30 

dunningi,  133 

hippotes,  133 

inajqualis,  132,  134 

placida,  133 

thoracica,  1 32,  134 

vicina,  133 

Coquillett,  D.W.,  articles 

by,  85,  134 

Conogethespunctiferalis,  166 

Coremia  inamcoenaria,  165 

robustaria,  1 65 

Corinna  angulata,  1 85 

amoena,  185 

tricolor,  1S5 

Coriscium    ochridorsel- 

lum,  175 

Cosmosoma  tlavita,  sp. 

nov.,  41 

Cosmotricha  exposita,  160 

Cosmostyla,  136 

rufiventris,  144 

Costria,  gen.  nov.,  46 

arpi,  sp.  nov,,  47 

corita,  sp.  nov.,  46 


discopuncta,  sp.  nov. 

>    4S 

elegans,  sp.  nov., 

47 

maruga,  sp.  nov.. 

46 

striolata, 

47 

Cryptophaga  albicosta. 

171 

balteata. 

171 

bipunctata, 

171 

delvcentra. 

170 

dolerastis. 

171 

epadelpha. 

171 

immaculata. 

170 

impunctata. 

170 

irrorata, 

171 

leucodelpha, 

171 

hierastis. 

170 

lurida, 

170 

pultensese. 

170 

rubescens, 

170 

spilonota, 

171 

strigata. 

171 

stochastis. 

170 

Crosimus  obesulus, 

94 

Ctenucha  mortia,  sp.nov 

•,44 

Cychrus  snowii. 

91 

Cydosia  submutata. 

81 

Cyrtophora  californiensis 

,189 

Cuculla,                      136, 

144 

Culex  confinis. 

178 

territans. 

177 

Daecke,  E.,  article  by, 

26 

Dalaca  basirubra,  sp. 

nov.. 

76 

tesselloides,  sp.  nov., 

76 

Danaus  chrysippus. 

149 

jamaicensis. 

80 

plexippus, 

149 

Danima  banksise,      159, 

177 

Daphnis  horsfieldii, 

153 

hypothous, 

153 

Darala  acuta. 

160 

censors. 

160 

ocellata. 

160 

Dasypodia  selenophora. 

163 

Declana  floccosa, 

165 

Delia,                          136, 

145 

floricola, 

136 

Delias  aganippi. 

149 

harpalyce, 

149 

nigrina. 

149 

Dendrophila, 

136 

hilaris. 

143 

Desniia  tages. 

22 

Dexiopsis, 

136 

lacteipennis. 

143 

Dialyta, 

136 

erinacea, 

143 

Dichogama  amabilis, 

20 

bergii, 

21 

INDEX. 


203 


Dichiomodes  orectis, 

164 

Epiblema  ochraceana,  Sf 

. 

Eustalomyia, 

137 

iJiptilon  aterea,  sp.  nov. 

42 

nov.. 

51 

hilaris, 

143 

Diptychophora  elaina, 

166 

perplexana,  sp.  nov.. 

51 

Eutane  Jydia, 

156 

Discophlebia  catoca- 

Epicorsia  mellinalis, 

21 

terminalis. 

156 

lina, 

161 

Epicrocis  terebrans, 

166 

Eiithisanotia  timaris, 

81 

Doane,  R.,  article  by, 

97 

Epinephele  abeona, 

150 

Eutrichota, 

137 

Dodia,  gen.  nov., 

S5 

Epyaxa  rosaria, 

165 

inornata, 

144 

albertfe,  sp.  nov., 

85 

Erechtias  acontistes, 

175 

Evergastis    dyaralis,    sp 

Doleschallia  herrichia, 

150 

mystacinella, 

175 

nov., 

49 

Dolichogaster, 

136 

Eremomyia, 

137 

Fannia, 

137 

americana, 

146 

humeralis, 

143 

scalaris, 

143 

Dolomedes  cerugineus, 

186 

Eresia  frisia, 

So 

Fellaria, 

137 

binotatus, 

186 

Ereunetis  inloptera. 

167 

urban a. 

144 

scapularis, 

186 

Ergane  leucophKa, 

186 

Fernald,   C.   H.,    articl 

e 

sexpunctatus, 

186 

Erioischia, 

137 

by, 

49 

urinator, 

186 

floccosa. 

145 

Fox,  W.  J.,  article  by, 

83 

Doratifera  casta, 

157 

Eriopoda, 

137 

Fucellia, 

137 

chrysochroa, 

157 

ornata. 

143 

fucorum, 

143 

lewinii, 

157 

Eriostyla, 

137 

Galleria  mellonella. 

166 

longerans, 

157 

dubia. 

143 

Gastrolepta, 

137 

vulnerans, 

157 

Eriphia, 

137 

coarctata, 

144 

Drymeia, 

136 

cinerea, 

146 

Givira,  gen.  nov.. 

48 

hamata, 

143 

montanus. 

138 

polybioides,  sp.  nov.. 

48 

Duomitus  jamaicensis, 

Eucereon  lerioides,  sp. 

phalia,  sp.  nov.. 

73 

sp.  nov., 

46 

nov., 

44 

watsoni,  sp.  nov.. 

73 

mathani,  sp.  nov., 

45 

marcata,  sp.  nov.. 

43 

Gonodonta  incurva, 

81 

pyracmonides,  sp. 

mathani,  sp.  nov., 

44 

Gracillaria  alysidota, 

174 

nov., 

45 

trinita,  sp.  nov.. 

44 

argyrodesma. 

173 

Dyar,  H.  G.,  articles  by. 

19, 

Eucosma  lineana,  sp. 

callicella, 

174 

24,  25,  84,  85,  177, 

179 

nov., 

50 

coenotheta. 

173 

Dynastes  grantii. 

91 

Eucro.stis  argocrana, 

164 

chionoplecta. 

173 

tityus. 

91 

Euaemia  caminata. 

176 

didymella, 

^73 

Egeria,                        136, 

145 

Eudsemonia  brachyura, 

194 

ide, 

174 

Eginia, 

136 

Eudemis  botrana, 

168 

linearis. 

173 

cylindrica. 

144 

Eudoxyla  diervillei. 

161 

toxomacha. 

174 

Egle,                            137 

142 

Eugivira,  gen.  nov., 

n 

tricuneatella, 

173 

Elodina  angulipennis, 

14S 

carisca,  sp.  nov.. 

74 

thalassias. 

174 

Epeira  anniilipes. 

185 

durangona,  sp.  nov., 

74 

Gymnogaster, 

137 

balanstina. 

146 

nudaria,  sp.  nov.. 

75 

dissecta, 

145 

benjamina. 

184 

pallidicosta,  sp.  nov., 

75 

Gymna'ciajdirce, 

79 

bucaridia. 

189 

pardana,  sp.  nov., 

75 

Hadena  devastatrix. 

90 

cauta. 

184 

plagiata,  sp.  nov.. 

75 

lignifurea. 

164 

circulata. 

184 

quandra,  sp.  nov., 

74 

Ilalictus,  sp. , 

39 

conspicillata, 

185 

sabulosa,  sp.   nov.. 

74 

Halithea, 

137 

corticaria. 

189 

Euophrys  amabilis, 

186 

fucorum, 

143 

domicilionim,        184, 

185 

humilis. 

187 

Hammomyia, 

X37 

gigas, 

185 

leucoph?ea, 

186 

albescens. 

143 

graduata. 

184 

Euphemia, 

137 

Harris,    E.    D.,    article 

incestifica, 

189 

lasta, 

145 

by-. 

27 

insularis,                 184, 

185 

Eupithecia  indicataria, 

165 

Hasarius  hoyi, 

186 

jaspidea. 

185 

Euplexia  insignis. 

164 

Hebecneraa, 

»37 

obesa. 

185 

Eupla?a  corinna, 

149 

umbratica. 

145 

trifolium. 

185 

Eupselia  satrapella. 

167 

Helina, 

137 

Ephestia  elutella. 

166 

Euptoieta  Claudia, 

79 

pertusa. 

144 

interpunctella, 

165 

Europs  pallipennis. 

94 

Heliocausta  ekieodes, 

174 

sericaria, 

166 

Eurota  minerva,  sp.  nov. 

,  41 

eudora, 

174 

Ephestiodes  gilvescen- 

Euryomma, 

137 

hemiteles. 

174 

tella, 

86 

hispaniense. 

143 

incarnatella. 

'73 

204 


Journal  New  York.  Entomological  Society. 


l);iialvri^is, 

174 

Isochretes  beuteiiniiiller 

, 

carolineiisis,           183 

184 

seiva. 

173 

190 

196 

communis, 

183 

Ileliothis  armigera, 

163 

Jalmenes  evagoras, 

152 

gulosa, 

184 

jieltigera, 

163 

Joutel,  L.  H.,  articles  by, 

helluo,                    181 

186 

Heliostibes  atychioides 

190,    191 

196 

lenta, 

183 

166 

Junonia  genovera. 

79 

railberti,        183,  184 

186 

Hemaris  hylas, 

153 

velleda, 

150 

mordax, 

183 

Hera, 

^31 

Langsdortia  coresa,  sp. 

nidicola. 

184 

mikii, 

145 

nov., 

75 

nigroventris, 

183 

Herpyllus  ornata, 

185 

Lampedes  alsulus, 

151 

philadelphiana. 

184 

Hesperilla  ornata, 

152 

cnejus. 

151 

rabida. 

183 

picta, 

152 

phaseli, 

151 

riparia. 

184 

Heterochroa  iphicla, 

78 

Larentia  semisignata, 

165 

saggitta, 

183 

Hippolyte  rubropunc- 

corcularia, 

165 

ssetula. 

183 

taria, 

165 

Larinia  nigrofoliata. 

189 

sayi,                        183 

184 

Holochila  absimilis, 

151 

forata, 

189 

Mach;i?ritis  calligenes. 

174 

erinus. 

152 

Lasiops, 

138 

salignes. 

173 

heathii. 

151 

hirticeps, 

144 

Macrobathra  argonota, 

171 

Holocola  thalassiana. 

168 

senescens, 

138 

anemodes, 

172 

triangulana, 

168 

Leucophora, 

138 

alternatella. 

172 

Homalomyia, 

^37 

Leucania,  sp. , 

163 

ceraunobola. 

172 

Homoeosoma  mucidel- 

Leucophora  albescens, 

143 

chrysotoxa. 

172 

lum. 

85 

Leucomelina, 

138 

desmotoma, 

171 

Hoplogaster, 

137 

pica. 

144 

leucopeda, 

172 

mollicula. 

142 

Lichenaula  choriodes. 

173 

myriophthalma. 

172 

Homoptera  edusa. 

192 

lichenea. 

172 

nephelomorpha, 

172 

Hyaleucereon   lugubris, 

tuberculata. 

173 

porphyra. 

172 

sp.  nov., 

44 

undulatella. 

173 

rhodosphila. 

172 

Hybernia  boneophil- 

Limnophora, 

138 

Macroneme  nordina,  sp 

aria. 

165 

surd  a. 

144 

nov.. 

41 

Hydrophoria, 

138 

Limnrecia  phragmitella. 

177 

sura,  sp.  nov., 

41 

Hydrotcea, 

1^,8 

Limnosia, 

138 

Macrochis, 

139 

dentipes, 

143 

albicornis, 

143 

meditata. 

144 

floccosa, 

139 

Lineodes  Integra, 

22 

Macrosita  casuarin;e, 

154 

Hydrusa, 

155 

triangulalis, 

22 

Macrosoma,               135, 

139 

Hyetodesia, 

138 

Lipoptycha  niaculana, 

lardaria, 

146 

erratica, 

146 

sp.  nov., 

51 

salaminia, 

163 

Hylemya, 

137 

Linyphia  argyrodes, 

184 

Macrobnetira  leucopeda. 

172 

pallida, 

139 

Lita  solanella, 

176 

Msevia  annulipes, 

186 

strigosa, 

144 

Lithosia  bicolor, 

156 

aurulenta. 

186 

rufiventris. 

136 

replana. 

156 

crista ta, 

186 

llyleora  eucalypti. 

159 

Lithocolletes  aglaozona, 

175 

pallida. 

186 

caustopis, 

159 

Litorella, 

138 

pencillata. 

186 

Hylephila, 

138 

litorella, 

146 

tibialis. 

186 

buccata. 

144 

Lispe, 

138 

sulphurea. 

186 

Ilylorycta  luteotactella. 

176 

tentaculata. 

144 

Mamestra  composita, 

164 

strigata. 

176 

Lispocephala, 

139 

ewingi. 

164 

synaula. 

176 

alma. 

144 

Mantispa  brunnea. 

197 

Ilyphantidium  sericar- 

Lithula  omnivora, 

158 

Marasmia  floridalis,  sp. 

ium, 

166 

Lobobunaea,  gen.  nov.. 

191 

nov.. 

49 

Hy  pontes. 

138 

pliKdusa,                191, 

193 

Marecidia,  gen.  nov., 

43 

Hypobolimnas  boliiia, 

ISO 

Lophoderus  amatana. 

sanguipuncta,  sp.  nov. 

,  43 

misippus, 

151 

sp.  nov.. 

24 

Margaronia  bivitralis. 

19 

Hyporites  montanus, 

144 

Lycaena  boetica, 

151 

inrtmalis. 

20 

Icius  elegans, 

186 

lulu, 

151 

Marptusa  undata. 

183 

palmarum, 

188 

Lyrcea  alictoraria, 

163 

Mecyna  deprivalis. 

166 

lodis  illidgei, 

164 

heniipteraria, 

165 

Mecytha  semicana, 

158 

insperata. 

164 

Lycosa  avida, 

^•^i 

Melanitis  leda. 

150 

INDEX, 


205 


Melanochelia, 

139 

1  Myochrous  scjuamosus, 

131 

Mesothen  albifrons,   sp. 

Myoda, 

139 

nov. , 

40 

tentaculata. 

144 

Metacrias  erichrysa, 

156 

Myopina, 

139 

Metura  elongata, 

158 

myopina. 

145 

Microcera, 

139 

Nelphe  didyma, 

154 

ciliata, 

143 

Nerina,                       139, 

145 

Mnesaphia  privata, 

164 

Netrocoryna  repanda. 

152 

Monoctenia  vinaria, 

164 

Neurota, 

139 

Mosoda  anartoides, 

156 

grisea. 

144 

Mosquitoe  larvse, 

177 

Nola  lugens. 

156 

Musca  buccata, 

138 

Nyctemera  annulata, 

155 

cannicularis,  137,  139, 

140 

connica, 

156 

ciliata, 

139 

Nyphortola  galactina. 

177 

coarctata, 

137 

Ochthiphila  littorella, 

13S 

dentipes, 

138 

Ocromyia, 

139 

erratica,                   135, 

141 

pallida. 

144 

tlaveola, 

135 

Ocystola  calista, 

173 

flavipennis, 

139 

pyramis. 

173 

fungorum, 

139 

tyranna. 

173 

geniculata, 

136 

Qicophora      pseudosprc 

grisea, 

139 

tella. 

172 

hiiaris, 

136 

schola;a. 

172 

hirticeps, 

138 

(T^netus  eximius, 

161 

impuncta, 

135 

lewinii. 

162 

inanis, 

134 

lignivorus, 

161 

irritans,                    138, 

141 

ramsayi, 

162 

Iseta, 

137 

scotti, 

161 

lardaria,                   135, 

139 

splendens, 

161 

meditabuiida, 

135 

virescens. 

161 

meditata, 

139 

Qinosandra  boisduvalii, 

157 

meteor!  ca, 

13S 

Ogyris  genoveva. 

152 

mollicula, 

139 

Oiketicus    orizavte,     sp 

, 

myopina, 

139 

nov.. 

45 

pagana, 

139 

Onodontha, 

139 

pallida, 

141 

penicillata. 

143 

pumila, 

139 

Oplogaster, 

139 

quadripunctata, 

135 

mollicula. 

142 

quadrum,                139, 

141 

Opodiphtera  astrophile. 

159 

socia, 

138 

Opsirhina  fervens. 

160 

strigosa, 

138 

Ophyra, 

139 

tentaculata. 

139 

leucostoma, 

145 

tigrina,                     135, 

136 

Orchisia, 

139 

triangula, 

140 

costata. 

143 

Musiosoma, 

139 

Orgyia  postica, 

157 

praepotens, 

144 

tricolor, 

157 

Myantha, 

139 

Ornithoptera  priamus. 

147 

canicularis, 

143 

Orophora  toumatou, 

158 

Mycophaga, 

139 

Othreis  fullonica, 

163 

fungorum. 

144 

Oxyporus,  note  on, 

199 

Mydaja, 

139 

Pachygnatha  tristriata. 

186 

pagana, 

144 

xanthostoma. 

186 

communis. 

141 

Pachystoma, 

139 

Mydina, 

139 

tlavipennis. 

144 

quadrum. 

144 

Packard,    A.    S.,    articl 

e 

Mynes  geoffroyi, 

151 

by. 

191 

Myochrous  denticoUis, 

127 

Predisca  obliquana, 

169 

longulus, 

131 

privatana, 

169 

Palx'obia  anguillana,  168 

liibbertiana,  i68 

Pak^;ostoma  styphelana,  167 

Palaminus  testaceus,  196 

Palparia  aurata,  173 

lambertella,  173 

micrastrella,  173 

uncinella,  173 

Palusia,  139 

pumila,  143 

Pamphila  bambusas,  1 52 

hobomok,  aberr.,  93 

phineus,  152 

Papilio  philenor,  aberr. 

wasmuthi,  82 

ffigeus,  148 

agamemnon,  148 

capaneus,  147 

enactus,  148 

erithonius,  147 

homerus,  larva,  77 

lycaon,  148 

macleayeanus,  147 

merope,  var.  cenea,  91 

peleus,  78 

sarpedon,  148 

ulys.ses,  148 

Paracostophila,  140,  145 

Paranthomyia,  140,  142 

Paraspilogaster,         140,  145 

Parazelia,                    140,  142 

Parharmalomyia,       140,  143 

Patania,  140 

Pegomyia,  140 

hyoscyami,  145 

Pelora  oxleyi,  158 

Peltophora  argutella,  174 

Pentacricia,  140 

aldrichii,  145 

Peronia,  140 

ciliata,  143 

Phaonia,  1 40 

erratica,  145 

Phassustrojesa,  sp.  nov.,    70 

Phidippusalboniaculatus,  188 

anetus,  187, 

ardeus,  188 

audax,  188 

bicolor,  188 

cardinalis,  188 

californicus,  i88 

carol  in  us,  187 

castrensis,  187 

clarus,  188 

concinnatus,  187 

dubiosus,  187 

elegans,  187 

electus,  187 


20( 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 


gracilis, 

188 

Pseudolimnophora,  140, 

141 

undulata, 

6 

insignarius, 

187 

triangula. 

143 

Singa  maculata, 

188 

insolens, 

188 

Pseudosphex     noverca, 

truncata. 

188 

miniatus, 

188 

sp.  nov., 

40 

Smerinthus  geminatus, 

89 

obscurus, 

188 

Psilometopia, 

141 

Smith,  J.  B.,  article  by. 

paludatiis, 

187 

communis, 

145 

2r 

■  52 

personatus, 

187 

Psiloptera, 

141 

Sphseridium  scarahic- 

pulcherrimus, 

188 

irritans, 

143 

oides, 

94 

puipuratus, 

188 

Psilopyga, 

86 

Sphinx  eremophilae. 

154 

rimator, 

188 

Ptilomacra  senex, 

161 

gordius. 

87 

ruber, 

188 

Pyrameis  ite, 

150 

marmorata, 

154 

rufus,    183,  186,  187, 

188 

kershawi, 

150 

roseofasciata. 

'54 

testacens. 

187 

Pyrausta  costimaculalis, 

Spilogaster, 

141 

togatus. 

187 

sp.  nov., 

50 

quadrum, 

145 

variegatus. 

188 

Pyrgotis  plagiatana. 

169 

Spilosoma  obliqua. 

156 

Philampelus  vitis, 

196 

Pyrgus  syrichtus, 

80 

Stagnia,                      141, 

144 

Philinta, 

140 

Quadrula, 

141 

Stegommata  sulfuratella 

75 

canicularis, 

143 

annosa, 

145 

Steniola  sulfurea,  sp. 

Philobata  bimaculana. 

172 

Rhadina, 

141 

nov., 

84 

Philudoria  australasise, 

160 

montana. 

146 

Stenogaster, 

141 

Phortea,                      140, 

145 

Rhinopalpa  sabina. 

150 

angusta, 

145 

Phorbia,                      140, 

145 

Rhinosimus  ceneipennis 

94 

Stephanocleonus  plum- 

Phyllis. 

140 

Rhynchotrichops, 

141 

beus, 

94 

diaphana, 

144 

aculeipes. 

144 

Strepsiceros  ejectana. 

168 

Phyllogaster, 

140 

Rohrella, 

141 

fluidana, 

168 

cordyluroides. 

145 

pallida. 

145 

macropetana, 

168 

Phyllocnistes  diangella, 

175 

Salticus  borealis, 

186 

Stroblia, 

141 

Phyllobrotica  discoidea, 

94 

Sapromyza  costata, 

139 

triangula. 

143 

Pielus  labyrinthicus, 

162 

Satrapia  thesaurina, 

174 

Swainson,  E.  M.,  article 

Pieris  scyllara, 

149 

Schaeffer,    C,  article 

^y, 

by, 

77 

teutonia,                  148, 

177 

86 

Syllegopterula, 

141 

Piezura, 

140 

Schaenomyia, 

141 

beckeri, 

146 

pardalina. 

146 

fasciata, 

146 

Sylepta  anormalis, 

20 

Pinara  ignobilis, 

160 

Schaus,  \V.,  articles  l)y, 

gordialis, 

20 

cana, 

160 

40,  73 

Taractrocera  papyria. 

168 

obliqua, 

160 

Sceliodes  cordalis, 

167 

Teara  tristis. 

156 

Platyccenosia, 

140 

Scenoploca  petraula. 

167 

Teia  aiiartoides, 

177 

mikii, 

146 

Schrenobius  imparellus, 

166 

Telecrates  laetiorella. 

175 

Platysenta  videns. 

12 

Scieropepla  typhicola. 

176 

parabolella, 

175 

Plutella  craciferanum. 

176 

Sciomyza  fasciata. 

141 

Tenodera  sinensis. 

95 

Plusia  eriosoma,          81, 

164 

Scoparia  minusculalis. 

166 

Terastria  meticulosalis, 

21 

Pogonomyia, 

140 

Seifert,  O.,  article  by, 

12 

Terias  hecabe, 

148 

alpicola, 

145 

Selandria  caryx, 

197 

Tetrachceta, 

141 

Polietes, 

140 

Semiocosma  platyptera, 

169 

unica. 

146 

lardaria, 

146 

Sesia  sigmoidea. 

190 

Tetramerinx, 

141 

Porina  umbraculatus, 

162 

Setiostoma  fernaldella. 

86 

unica, 

146 

signata, 

162 

Simaethis  sycopola, 

170 

Thalassodes  pieroides, 

164 

Potamia, 

144 

Sinea  caudata, 

8 

Thalpochares  cocco 

Prionophora  ruptella, 

164 

complexa. 

7 

phaga. 

163 

Proboscimyia, 

140 

confusa,  sp.  nov.. 

6 

Thecla  damon,            26, 

195 

siphoiiina. 

146 

coronata, 

7 

Thomisus  luctans. 

185 

Procris  empyrea, 

155 

defecta, 

II 

Thricoiis, 

141 

Prodenia  littoralis, 

1^3 

diadema. 

3 

anthomyimus. 

144 

Prosalpia, 

140 

integra. 

8 

Thyridopteryx  herrichii. 

159 

moerens, 

144 

raptoria, 

9 

hubneri, 

158 

Proteodes  carnefex, 

177 

rileyi. 

10 

'J'hyridopyTalis,  gen. 

Psamm  » ciis  desjardinsi. 

106 

sanguisuga. 

9 

nov., 

23 

Psaphidia  tliaxterianus, 

'^4 

spinipes, 

10 

gall;\?randialis,  nov  , 

23 

INDEX. 


207 


Tinea  biselliella, 

170 

liirsuta,  sp.  nov., 

"3 

cossuna, 

169 

illustris,  sp.  nov., 

98 

granella. 

169 

impudica,  sp.  nov., 

104 

pellionella, 

170 

inermis,  sp.  nov.. 

112 

tapetzella, 

169 

incisa,  sp.  nov.. 

118 

vivipara, 

169 

lamellata,  sp.  nov.. 

105 

Tipula  acuta,  sp.  nov., 

116 

leucophaea,  sp.  nov., 

117 

abluta,  sp.  nov., 

122 

lucida,  sp.  nov., 

126 

lequalis,  sp.  nov.. 

loS 

megaura,  sp.  nov.. 

112 

albocincta,  sp.  nov., 

no 

retusa,  sp.  nov., 

109 

albocaudata,  sp.  nov. 

123 

rostrella,  sp.  nov., 

100 

albonotata,  sp.  nov., 

120 

simplex,  sp.  nov., 

103 

albofascia,  sp.  nov., 

126 

splendens,  sp.  nov  , 

107 

albovittata,  sp.  nov., 

119 

spectabilis,  sp.  nov., 

120 

armata,  sp.  nov., 

119 

stalactoides,  sp.  nov. 

,  102 

australis,  sp.  nov., 

104 

streptocera,  sp.  nov., 

"3 

barbata,  sp.  nov.. 

105 

siibtilis,  sp.  nov.. 

106 

bituberculata,  sp.  nov. 

,  lOI 

sulpherea,  sp.  nov. , 

99 

bisetosa,  sp.  nov.. 

III 

subcinerea,  sp.  nov.. 

118 

calcarata,  sp.  nov., 

107 

subtenuicornis,  sp.  n. 

,  .25 

calva,  sp.  nov., 

114 

tristis,  sp.  nov.. 

102 

carinata,  sp.  nov., 

103 

translucida,  sp.  nov., 

109 

ceivicula,  sp.  nov., 

100 

unicincta,  sp.  nov. , 

115 

cinctocornis,  sp.  nov. 

,  no 

usitata,  sp.  nov.. 

124 

concinna,  sp.  nov. , 

"5 

varia,  sp.  nov.. 

122 

contaminata,  sp.  nov. 

,  121 

Tortri.x  amasnana, 

167 

cognata,  sp.  nov., 

123 

concordana, 

16^ 

cuspidata,  sp.  nov., 

III 

indigestana. 

167 

decora,  sp.  nov., 

125 

inana,  sp.  nov., 

51 

diluta,  sp.  nov., 

117 

Trachykele  blondeli, 

197 

dorsolineata,  sp.  nov. 

98 

Trapezites  symmomus. 

152 

fumosa,  sp.  nov. , 

99 

Trechus  hydropicus. 

93 

graphica,  sp.  nov., 

124 

Trennea, 

141 

helvocincta,  sp.  nov.. 

lOI 

errans, 

145 

Trichetra  niesonieias,  157 

Tricophiticus,  141 

anthomyinus,  144 

Tricops,  141 

Trigonostonia,  141 

frontalis,  145 

Trochosa  vafra,         184,  186 

'I'ymbophora  peltastis,  176 

Utetheisa  pulchella,  156 

Uzucha  humeral  is,  176 

Uranotcenia  sapphiriana,  179 

Victorina  steneles,  79 

Van  Dyke,  article  by,  197 
Weeks,  A.   C,    articles 

by,  82,  95 

Webster,  F.  M.,  articles 

by,  127 

Wala  albovittata,  188 

mitratus,  186 

Watson,  F.,  note  by,  195 

Xysticus  fasciatus,  185 

quadrilineatus,  185 

subfasciatus,  185 

Xylophilus  melsheimeri,  196 

piceus,  196 

Yetodesia,  141 

erratica,  146 

Zabia,  141 

longipes,  145 

Zaphne,                     141,  144 

Zonopetla  decisana,  172 

Zenzera  eucalypti,  177 

Zelotypia  stacyi,  162 


ERRATA. 

Page  142,  line  14  from  below  :  Transfer  "  Bigot'''  to  follow  "  Paranthomyia." 

Page  144,  line  19:  Transfer  "  Melanochelia  Rond.,  1866;  sunia^'  to  replace 
"  Zett.,"  moving  the  latter  to  the  end  of  the  line. 

Page  145,  line  12  from  below  :    For  Paracortophila,  read  Parachortophila. 

Page  146  :  Transfer  the  first  three  lines  to  follow  line  5  from  below  on  the  preceding 
page. 


Joiini.  N.   Y.  Ent.  Soc. 


Vol.  IX.     PL  X. 


Three  Mosquitoe  Larvae. 


Journ.  N.   y.  Ent.  Soc. 


Vol.  IX.     PI.  XL 


Life-History  of  Uranotaenia  sapplnirina. 


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